Govt of Pakistan

7/27/2019 Govt of Pakistan

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Government of PakistanFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pakistan

This article is part of the series:

Politics and government of

Pakistan

Constitution[show]

Parliament[show]

President[show]

Prime Minister[show]

Governors[show]

Chief Ministers[show]

Judiciary[show]

Political parties[show]

Elections[show]

Administrative units[show]

Local government[show]
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Foreign relations[show]

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It has been suggested thatList of Federal Government Ministries ofPakistanbemergedinto this article. (Discuss)Proposed since February 2013.

Map of Pakistan in 2002.

The Government of Pakistan(Urdu:), is afederal governmentestablished by theConstitutionof Pakistanas a constituted governing authority of thefour provincesof a proclaimed and

establishedparliamentary democraticrepublic, constitutionally called theState of Pakistan.[1]
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Effecting theWestminster systemfor governing the state, the government is composed of the three

branches:executive,legislative, andjudicial, which all powers are vested by theConstitutionin theParliament,

thePrime Ministerand theSupreme Court.[2]The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by

acts and amendments of theParliament, including the creation of executive institutions, departments and

courts inferior to theSupreme Court.[2]Granting constitutional powers toPresidentto promulgate the ordinances

and passing bills, the president acted as the ceremonialfigureheadand thepeople-electedPrime

Ministeracting as thechief executive(of executive branch) and responsible for running the federal government.

Consisting a bicameralParliamentwith theNational Assemblyas alower houseand theSenateas an upper

house. Judicial branch systematically contains its apexSupreme Court,high courtsoffour provinces, numbers

ofdistrict,anti-terrorism,Sharia, and thegreen courts; all inferior to Supreme Court.[2]

The full name of thenation-stateis the "Islamic Republic of Pakistan". No other name appears in the

Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases. The "Pakistan

Government" or "Government of Pakistan" are often used in official documents representing the federal

government collectively.[2]Also, the terms "Federal" and "National" in government institution or program names

generally indicates affiliation with the federal government. Because theseat of governmentis inIslamabad,

"Islamabad" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government.[2]

Contents

[hide]

1 In federal law and Constitution

2 Legislative Branch

3 Executive Branch

o 3.1 Prime Minister

o 3.2 President

o 3.3 Cabinet, executive departments and institutions

4 Judicature Branch

o 4.1 Judicature transfer

o 4.2 Supreme Judicial Council

5 Civil Service

o 5.1 Cabinet Secretaries

6 Elections and Voting system

7 Administration and Governments

o 7.1 Provincial, tribal, and local governments

8 Finance
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t_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#In_federal_law_and_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#In_federal_law_and_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Legislative_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Legislative_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Executive_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Executive_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Presidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Presidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet.2C_executive_departments_and_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet.2C_executive_departments_and_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Supreme_Judicial_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Supreme_Judicial_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Civil_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Civil_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet_Secretarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet_Secretarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Elections_and_Voting_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Elections_and_Voting_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Administration_and_Governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Administration_and_Governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Provincial.2C_tribal.2C_and_local_governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Provincial.2C_tribal.2C_and_local_governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Provincial.2C_tribal.2C_and_local_governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Administration_and_Governmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Elections_and_Voting_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet_Secretarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Civil_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Supreme_Judicial_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Judicature_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Cabinet.2C_executive_departments_and_institutionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Presidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Executive_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#Legislative_Branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#In_federal_law_and_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environment_Court_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_Terrorism_Court_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Provinces_(Pakistan)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan#cite_note-Government_of_Pakistan-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_system


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o 8.1 Taxation and budget

o 8.2 NFC Program overview

9 Issues

o 9.1 Corruption

o 9.2 Circular debt and Spending priorities

o 9.3 Debts and Deficit

10 Ministries and divisions

11 Departments

12 See also

13 References

14 External links

In federal law and Constitution[edit]

TheConstitutionof Pakistan established and constituted the federal government offour provincesof federation

of nation-state, known asState of Pakistan. The Constitution reads as:

The Federal Government is Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be

exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the

(Federal) Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the

Federation.

In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through

the (Federal) Ministers."Constitution of Pakistan: Part III: The Federation of Pakistan Chapter 3: The Federal Government, Article

196-197, source[3]

The basiccivilandcriminal lawsgoverning the citizens of Pakistan are set down in major "parliamentary"

legislation (a terminherited from theUnited Kingdom), such as theExit Control List, thePakistan Penal Code,

and theFrontier Crimes Regulations. By theArticle 246thandArticle 247thto the constitution, the

IslamicJirga(orPanchayat) system has become an institution for local governance.[4][5]Reforms in the

government administration and the constitutional law matters jurisprudence in Pakistan in 1950s has been

greatly influenced by theUnited Stateslegal system. Since 1970s, the traditional jirga-based law has also

influenced the country's judicial development.[6]

Legislative Branch[edit]
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TheParliament of Pakistanglances at night.

Main article:Parliament of Pakistan

The legislative branch is known as the "Parliament', a term for legislatureinherited from the United Kingdom.

The legislative branch is bicameral, consisting of two houses:

TheNational Assembly: The National Assembly is alower houseanddirectlypeople-elected342-

member National Assembly.

TheSenate: The Senate is aupper houseand the ~100-senators areindirectlyelected for six-year

terms.

The Parliament enjoysparliamentary supremacy. All the Cabinet ministers as well as the Prime Minister must

also be members of Parliament (MPs), accordance to the constitution. The Prime Minister and the Cabinetofficials are responsible to the Parliament collectively.

The Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers are jointly accountable to the Parliament. If there is a policy

failure or lapse on the part of the government, all the members of the cabinet are jointly responsible. If avote of

no confidenceis passed against the government, then the government collapses and a new one must be

formed.

Executive Branch[edit]

By general definition, theexecutive branchof government is the one that has

soleauthorityandresponsibilityfor the daily administration of thestate bureaucracy. The division of power into

separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of theseparation of powers. The separation

of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from the executive branch an attempt to preserve

individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history.

Prime Minister[edit]
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ThePrime Minister of Pakistan(Urdu::til ; Wazir-e- Azam), is the executivehead of governmentofPakistan, constitutionally designated as theChief Executive(CE).[7]Popularlyelected by peoplein direct

elections in the parliament, the Prime minister is responsible for appointing a cabinet as well as running the

government operations.[7]

The Prime Minister duly appoints the directors, executives, chairmen in almost all state institutions and

corporations, accordance to constitution, including:

Chief MinistersofFour Provinces

Key administrative and military appointments in thePakistan Armed Forces.

The Chairmen and other Members of the federal commissions and public institutions.

Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries.

The cabinet secretaries and directors in the administrative positions of the government.

President[edit]

Main article:Pakistani presidency

ThePresident of Pakistanis part of the parliament. The official residence is located in adjacent to the parliament.

ThePresident of Pakistanis a ceremonial figurehead, a ceremonialhead of staterepresenting the unity of the

country.

Elected for a five-year term by anindirect elections, theelectoral collegeconsisting of members of the Senate

and National Assembly and members of the four provincial assemblies, the president is eligible for

reelection.[8]

But no individual may hold the office for more than two consecutive terms. The president mayresign or be impeached and may be removed from office for incapacity or gross misconduct by a two-thirds

vote of the members of the parliament.[8]

The President enjoys all constitutional powers and exercises them directly or through officers subordinate to

him as per the aforesaid Article 41-Article 47.[9]

The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments.[9]
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These include:

GovernorsofFour Provinces

TheChief Justice(after concluding the consultation with the Prime Minister)

TheChief Election Commissioner(Consultation required from the Prime Minister)

TheAttorney GeneralandComptroller and Auditor General

The President, as Head of State also receives the credentials of Ambassadors from other countries, whilst the

Prime Minister, as Head of Government, receives credentials of High Commissioners from other members of

the Commonwealth, in line with historical tradition.

The President isde jurethe civilianCommander in Chiefof thePakistan Armed Forces.[10]

The President of Pakistan can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence, reprieve and respite, and to remit,

suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other authority, particularly in cases

involving punishment of death.[9]The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the President are

independent of the opinion of the Prime Minister or the Parliamentary majority. In most other cases, however,

the President exercises his or her executive powers on the advice of the Prime Minister.[9]

Cabinet, executive departments and institutions[edit]

There are no fixed number for the Prime minister to appoint the members in theCabinet.[8]Each Cabinet official

must be a member of parliament (MP) who are elected in direct elections.[8]TheCabinet ministerschaired the

Cabinet and further assisted by theCabinet Secretary, whose appointment comes from theCivil Servicesof

Pakistan. Other Ministers are eitherMinisters of State, who are junior members who report directly to one of the

Cabinet Ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government.[8]

Once appointed all cabinet ministers are officially confirmed to their appointment offices by the President in a

special oath of ceremony.[8]

Judicature Branch[edit]

Main article:Supreme Court of Pakistan
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TheSupreme Court of Pakistan.

Pakistan's independent judicial system begins under theBritish Raj, and its concepts and procedures resemble

those ofAnglo-Saxon countries. Institutional changes and judicial procedures were later changed under the

influence by American legal and court system in 1950s to remove the fundamental rights

problems.[4]TheSupreme Courtof Pakistan consisted ofChief JusticeandSenior justices; all appointed by the

President after concluding the consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan. The Constitution does not fixed

the number of justices of the Supreme Court, though it can be fixed by Parliament through an act signed by the

President.[11]

The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Pakistan,High Courtsof Pakistan provincial level;District

Courtsin eachdistrict;anti-terrorism courts;Sharia courts;, and theenvironmental courtsin all over the

country; all courts inferior to Supreme Court.[2]

Judicature transfer[edit]The Constitution grants powers to the Supreme Court to consider expedient to do so in the interest of

justice.[11]Although the proceedings in the Supreme Court arise out of the judgement or orders made by the

subordinate courts, the Supreme Court reserves the right to transfer any case, appeal or other proceedings

pending before any High Court to any other High Court.[11]

Supreme Judicial Council[edit]

Misconduct of judges are highly in tolerated in the judicial branch, as it is mentioned in the constitution. Under

the mainframe of theSupreme Judicial Council, theArticle 209conduct a full inquiring into the capacity or

conduct of a Judge who is a member of the Council.

Civil Service[edit]

Main articles:Pakistan Administrative ServiceandCentral Superior Services of Pakistan

The civil service of Pakistan is a permanent bureaucracy of the Government of Pakistan. The civil servants are

the permanents officials of the government, occupying a respected image in thecivil society. Civil servants

comes from different departments (e.g.District Management Group,Civil servant domain, andFPSC) are

awarded commission contracts by the ministers based on their experience, capability, and resourcefulness. Not

all the employees of the Government of Pakistan are civil servants; other employees of the Government of

Pakistan comes from the scientific institutions, state-owned corporations and commissioned military science

circles.

In theparliamentary democracy, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected

representatives of the people which are the ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures

which are also elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage. But the handful of ministers are
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not expected to deal personally with the various problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay

down the policy and it is for the civil servants to enforce it.

Cabinet Secretaries[edit]

Prime minister Secretariat where cabinet secretaries their duties.

The Cabinet secretaries are the most senior, experienced, and capable officials in the country, having studied

and trained first at theCivil Service Academythen pursuing further education at the specific academies

(e.g.Foreign Service AcademyandPolice Academy). Each ministry (or minister) consisted of their secretaries

to oversee and enforce the public policy matters. Arguably, the secretaries are the most powerful statesmen in

the country, especially the Establishment secretary who works in close coordination with the Prime Minister.

Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordinating activities of the various Ministries in such

a situation is also one of the functions of the Cabinet Secretariat. Appointment for the chairman of civil services,

theFPSC, is made by the President on the required consultation of the Prime Minister, according to Article 242

of the Constitution.[10]

Elections and Voting system[edit]

Main articles:Politics of Pakistan,Military coups in Pakistan, andElections in Pakistan

Since 1947, Pakistan has an asymmetricfederal government, with elected officials at the national (federal),

provincial, tribal, and local levels. Constitution has set the limit of government for five years, but if a Vote of no

confidencemovements takes place in the parliament (and prelude of movements are proved at the Judicial

branch), the government falls and immediately replaced withcaretaker governmentinitiated by the president

(consultation of Prime Minister also required to make such move), in regards to Article 58 of the constitution.[12]

There has been four times that themartial lawhas been in effect, and controversiallyapproved by the supreme

court.[8]Through a general election where the leader of the majority winning party is selected to be the Prime

Minister.[8]All members of the federal legislature, the Parliament, are directly elected. Elections in India take

place every five years by universal adult suffrage.[8]
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Administration and Governments[edit]

Provincial, tribal, and local governments[edit]

Main articles:Provincial Governments of Pakistan,Federally Administered Tribal Areas,Local government in

Pakistan, andProvincially Administered Tribal Areas

There are fourprovincial governmentsthat rules thefour provincesof the state; theChief Ministersheads the

state government.[13]TheGovernorsappointed by President after the consultation from the Prime minister, acts

has representative of federal government; no powers they have to run the government. Allprovincial

assembliesareunicameral, elected for five years only.[13]

The provincial governments tend to have the greatest influence over most Pakistanis' daily lives.

ThetribalandLocal governmentfunction at the basic level.[14]It is the third level of government apart from

federal and provincial governments, consisting Jirga in rural tribal areas.[10]

Finance[edit]

Main articles:State Bank of Pakistan,National Bank of Pakistan,Pakistan Remittance Initiative, andTax on

cash withdrawal

Taxation and budget[edit]

The NFC Programhorizontallydistributes the tax finances and revenues between the four provinces of nation-state,

Pakistan.

Main articles:Taxation in Pakistan,2014 Pakistan federal budget, andForeign trade of Pakistan

Pakistan has a complex taxation system of more than 70 uniquetaxesadministered by at least 37 tax

collection institutions of the Government of Pakistan.[15]Taxation is a debated and controversial issue in public

and political science circle of the country, and according to theInternational Development Committee, Pakistan
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had a lower-than-average tax take.[16]Only 0.57% of Pakistanis, or 768,000 people out of a population of 190

million pay income tax.[16]

TheFinance Minister of Pakistanpresents the annual federal budget in the Parliament in the midst of the year,

and it has to be passed by the both houses of theParliament.[17]The budget is preceded by aneconomic

surveywhich outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the

outgoing financial fiscal year.[18]

NFC Program overview[edit]

Main article:NFC award

Abide and constituted under theArticle 160of theConstitutionby the Constitution, theNational Finance

Commission Award(NFC) program is a series of plannedeconomic programto take control offinancial

imbalancesand equally managed the financial resources tofour provincesto meet their expenditure liabilities

while alleviating thehorizontal fiscalimbalances.[3]

Stipulations and directions mentioned by the Constitution, theprovisional governmentsand Government of

Pakistan] competes to get higher share of the program's revenues in order to stabilize their own financial

status.[19]

Issues[edit]

Corruption[edit]

Main article:Corruption in Pakistan

Overview of the index of perception of corruption, 2010.

The corruption is on-going issue in the government, claiming to take initiatives against it,[20]particularly in the

government and lower levels of police forces.[21]In 2011, the country has had a consistently poor ranking at

theTransparency International'sCorruption Perceptions Indexwith scores of 2.5,[22]2.3 in 2010,[23]and 2.5 in

2009[24]out of 10.[25]In 2011, Pakistan ranked 134 on the index with 42 countries ranking worse.[26]In 2012,

Pakistan's ranking dropped even further from 134 to 139, making Pakistan the 34th most corrupt country in the

world, tied withAzerbaijan,Kenya,Nepal, andNigeria.[27]
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Documents

Govt of Pakistan