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Government & WarGovernment & War
• Magna CartaMagna Carta– Written in 1215– King signed to guarantee King signed to guarantee
important rights to important rights to noblemennoblemen
• -Established elections-Established elections of representatives– Parliament: makes laws Parliament: makes laws
with a 2 house legislaturewith a 2 house legislature• House of Lords/Commons
English Bill of Rights – English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & the rights of English citizens & Parliament Parliament
Move toward allowing the Move toward allowing the people more legal protectionpeople more legal protection
The colonial leaders shared powerEngland did not interfere England did not interfere with colonial affairswith colonial affairsParliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governorsSelf-government grew in Self-government grew in the coloniesthe colonies
ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by King
Oversaw colonial tradeFinal approval on laws
Could dismiss colonial wishes
Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies
Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary
Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly
• Colonies supply raw materials Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for and serve as a market for exportsexports-Favorable balance of trade for the mother country
England passed Navigation Acts England passed Navigation Acts to force colonists to sell raw to force colonists to sell raw materials to Englandmaterials to England-All items bought by other countries had to be taxed -Trade had to occur on English ships
Colonists began smugglingColonists began smuggling
French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists)
France established trade alliances with Indians
Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met
France attacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading area
Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union
• Ben Franklin’s ideaBen Franklin’s idea– Called to unite the colonies to unite the colonies
under a central gov’tunder a central gov’t
• Colonies REJECTED the plan Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French
• Colonies did not want to Colonies did not want to give too much power to give too much power to 1 government1 government
– Colonies were jealous to share their power
• Especially to tax
• 1756 - Britain Britain declared war on declared war on France France – Over land claims in Over land claims in
North AmericaNorth America
• William PittWilliam Pitt– British Secretary of
State – Vowed to pay for & Vowed to pay for &
win war at all costswin war at all costs
Treaty of Paris (1763)Treaty of Paris (1763)Pre-War Pre-War Land ClaimLand Claim Post-War Post-War Land ClaimLand Claim
EnglandEngland
FranceFrance HaitiHaiti
SpainSpain
North America from Atlantic North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian MtnsCoast to Appalachian Mtns.Hudson Bay; NewfoundlandHudson Bay; Newfoundland
N. A. from Atlantic to N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Mississippi; Canada, FloridaFlorida
Canada, St. Lawrence Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, River Valley, HaitiHaiti
Florida, Mexico, CubaFlorida, Mexico, Cuba N.A. west of the Miss. River, N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, CubaMexico, Cuba
After the WarAfter the War• British gov’t tightened control over British gov’t tightened control over
the colonies the colonies after the war– Contrary to salutary neglectContrary to salutary neglect
• Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763– Due to Pontiac’s War Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry
settlers – Stop all expansion west of the Stop all expansion west of the
Appalachian MtsAppalachian Mts..
• Britain keeps troops in the area to Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interestsprotect their interests– Military is in chargeMilitary is in charge
• BritishBritish used soldiers to enforce used soldiers to enforce the lawthe law– People could People could only trade @ designated only trade @ designated
points under military supervisionpoints under military supervision