WHAT IS THE FEDERAL BUERAUCRACY AND HOW DOES IT RELATE TO ANIMAL RIGHTS?

WHAT IS THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY? Bureaucracy = a large complex

administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization

Nonpartisan, government organizations that put public policy into effect

Members enact rules rationally and are unbiased

Four components of Federal Bureaucracy Independent executive agencies Independent regulatory agencies Cabinet departments Government organizations

WHAT ARE INDEPENDENT EXECUTIVE AGENCIES?

Independent executive agencies are agencies separate and independent of the executive DEPARTMENTS

IEA’s are headed by a single administrator with regional subunits

Lack Cabinet status

WHAT ARE INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES? Independent regulatory agencies are

agencies created by Congress Congress gives some agencies status to

protect them from influence of partisan politics.

Designed to implement rules regulations pertaining to the nation’s economy General Services Administration (GSA)

Construction and operation of public buildings Purchase and distribution of supplies and

equipment Management of real property

CABINET DEPARTMENTS State Treasury Defense Justice* Interior Agriculture* Commerce Labor HHS (Heath and

Human Services) HUD (Housing and

Urban Development) Transportation Energy Education Vet. Affairs Homeland Security

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Government agencies/corporations, are

within the executive branch Under control and direction of the President Set up by Congress to carry out business-like

activities First government agency was the Bank of the

United States in 1791 Today, there are more than 50 government

corporations, examples being… United States Postal Service National Railroad Corporation, Amtrak Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation

HOW DOES THIS RELATE TIE INTO ANIMAL RIGHTS? Cows

All cattle start out eating grass; three-fourths of them are "finished" (grown to maturity) in feedlots where they are fed specially formulated feed based on corn or other grains.

One is allowed to give cattle antibiotics, but there must be a  "withdrawal" period from the time antibiotics were given until it is legal to slaughter the animal. 

The FSIS (Food Safety and Inspection Services) has random searches and check if antibiotics given to the cattle is within legal terms.

Giving hormones to cattle for efficient growth is also allowed, though not all combinations are permitted

Inspection is mandatory; grading is voluntary, and a plant pays to have its meat graded.

Chicken No hormones are permitted in raising chickens antibiotics are allowed to fight off disease

Ducks and Geese Almost all ducks are raised indoors to protect from predators No hormones

are allowed in U.S. duck or goose production. The Food and Drug Administration strictly prohibits the use of hormones in these birds.

***most of the "rights" for these animals are really made for us, not them. It is so that we are safe and healthy, and don't have a repeat of mad cow disease

WHAT IS THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT? Since the president is faced with decisions to make everyday, he

or she needs a support system to govern effectively. The executive office of the president was created by President Roosevelt in 1939 and has the responsibilities ranging from communicating the president’s message at home while promoting our trade interest overseas.

  The executive office of the President includes several important agencies

staffed by the President’s closest aids. The white house office is the “nerve center” of the executive office of the

president. Other units of the Executive office advise the president on domestic

affairs and foreign policy. The executive office of the president includes the white house office,

office of management and budget, council of economic advisors, national security council, office of the director of national intelligence, office of the US trade representative, Council on environmental quality, office of science and technology policy, office of administration, office of the vice president, office of faith-based and community initiatives, and offices of homeland security.

HOW DOES THIS TIES INTO ANIMAL RIGHTS?  On September 1, 1985, the Executive Office of the

President issued an Animal Welfare policy governing the use of animals in research, instruction, and demonstration. The Animal Welfare Act is the federal statutory authority for inspection of research facilities. It was originally passed in 1966 and amended in 1970, 1976 and 1985. The Act falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service . As you can tell, the UAAPHS does not fall under the jurisdiction of the EOP so they were the ones who actually carried it out . The EOP only issued the policy.

ANIMAL WELFARE TODAY  What the Animal Welfare Act entails: Federal agencies will suspend or revoke

funds when it is determined that conditions of animal care, treatment or practice in a particular project are not in compliance despite notification and an opportunity for corrections. Monetary fines for violations of the Animal Welfare Act were also increased.

Standards for animal care, treatment, and practices in experimental procedures to ensure that animal pain and distress are minimized, including adequate veterinary care with the appropriate use of anesthetics, analgesics, tranquilizing drugs, and euthanasia must be established.

Investigators must assure in writing that alternatives to painful procedures were considered. A veterinarian must be consulted in any practice which could cause pain to animals.

No animal may be used in more than one major operative experiment from which it is allowed to recover except in cases of scientific necessity.

Exceptions to such standards may be made only when specified by research protocol and any such exception must be detailed and explained in a report filed with the Institutional Animal Committee.

Standards for exercise of dogs. Standards for a physical environment adequate to promote the psychological

well-being of primates.

PEOPLE'S REACTION TO LACK OF ANIMALS RIGHTS BEING ENFORCED within the last couple of decades there have

been many animal rights activates The was one extremist group called "The

Justice Department” threatened 80 U.S. scientists, "your violence

will turn back upon you"

SOURCES http://orsp.rutgers.edu/index.php?q=content/

rutgers-state-university-animal-welfare-policy

www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop http

://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_welfare/content/printable_version/fs_awawact.pdf

http://www.justice.gov/agencies/index-list.html#OVChttp://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome

http://www.uky.edu/~jafine2/bureaucracy.htm Prentice Hall, Magruder’s, American

Government Textbook