GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA · 6.10.2016 · school children about the use of computers was a challenge. ... objectives covered in each lesson along with periods. ... Railway Banks Binary

GGOOVVEERRNNMMEENNTT OOFF KKAARRNNAATTAAKKAA

IIINNNFFFOOORRRMMMAAATTTIIIOOONNN AAANNNDDDCCCOOOMMMMMMUUUNNNIIICCCAAATTTIIIOOONNN TTTEEECCCHHHNNNOOOLLLOOOGGGYYY

(((IIICCCTTT)))

SSuuppppoorrtt MMaatteerriiaall

SSIIXXTTHH SSTTAANNDDAARRDD

LLEEVVEELL II

..

66

KKaarrnnaattaakkaa RReessiiddeennttiiaall EEdduuccaattiioonnaall IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss SSoocciieettyyNNoo--88,, MM..SS..BB --11,, 66tthh aanndd 77tthh FFlloooorr,, CCuunnnniinngghhaamm RRooaadd,,

BBeennggaalluurruu –– 556600 005522

PREFACE

M.R. Hiremath K.A.S

Executive DirectorKREIS, Bengaluru-20

Computers have become a way of life in the present day world. Everyone need to be

educated about the implications of this technology. Now the Karnataka Residential

Educational Institutions Society (KREIS) has proposed a course/textbook in this regards. The

course outlined for this textbook is an attempt to design a generally friendly course that

would not only be contemporary but also leaves sufficient scope for expansion into unknown

realms of computer activity that may emerge in future.

The National Curriculum Framework 2005 recommends that theoretical component of

Higher Secondary stage should emphasise on problem-solving methods and that the

awareness of the historical development of key concepts be judiciously integrated into the

content of a subject. It also recommends that given the pervasive impact of information and

communication technology (ICT), a course related to this, should address this infrastructure

challenge seriously and explore viable and innovative alternatives with regard to hardware,

software and connectivity technologies appropriate for rural schools.

NCF 2005 speaks about the tremendous effectiveness of the information and

communication technology in shaping modern society which has created the need for an

educated public that can utilise such technology most effectively for the betterment of society

and humankind. This book is aligned with these broad guidelines of NCF.

The book has been conscientiously designed and is the result of the renewed efforts of

the textbook team comprising of computer teachers and subject experts. Some of the

members worked at the advisory level while others worked towards the actual developmental

activity. It is hoped that the students will appreciate the beauty and logic of information and

communication technology. It has truly been a team work.

A conceptual coherence is derived with the pedagogy, the use of easily

understandable language, simple mathematical formulations in a logical fashion. This book

has some features which, we earnestly hope will enhance its usefulness to the students. Each

chapter is provided with learning outcomes in the beginning and the worksheets at the end of

each chapter.

I thank Dr. Shalini Rajanish, I.A.S, Principal Secretary, Former Department of

Backward Classes and the then Vice Chairman, KREIS, Bengaluru, a National awardee on

Sakala and Panchayat Raj whose spontaneous and continuous support for initiating this work

with distinct guidelines and made it happen. We express our gratitude to Sri E.Venkataiah Retd

I.A.S, Former Principal Secretary, Department of Social Welfare and the east while Vice

Chairman of KREIS, Bengaluru who was the path maker for KREIS. Sri Gangaram Baderiya

I.A.S, Principal Secretary, Department of Social Welfare and Vice Chairman, KREIS,

Bengaluru. Sri Naveen Raj Singh, I.A.S, Principal Secretary, Department of Backward Classes

and Dr. S.C Sharma, Former Vice Chancellor, Tumkur University, Karnataka, Prof. Rajaram

Sharma, Joint Director, CIET, NCERT, New Delhi, Prof. A.N Ramachandra, Former Joint

Commissioner, Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti, New Delhi and also to the Director, DSERT, for

supporting us with the task of preparing these textbooks. I thank our core team of computer

teachers who worked restlessly for formulation of these text books in the leadership of Sri.

A.T Chamaraja, Retd. Joint Director, Department of Public Education, Mr. Santosh Elemmi,

Mr. Sunil C.S and Mr. Keerthi Kumar H.M.

We welcome suggestions and comments from our valued users, especially students

and teachers. We wish our young readers a happy journey to the exciting realm of ICT-

Support Material.

(M.R. Hiremath K.A.S)

FOREWORD

A N RamachandraFormerly- Joint Commissioner Acad

Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti,Min of HRD, Govt of India

[email protected]

It is well said by Sir Winston Churchill that “Men occasionally stumble over truth,but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened”. Computershave entered into classrooms so naturally than expected. While a decade ago teaching theschool children about the use of computers was a challenge. Now children in even remoteareas also know that a lot of fun can be understood by the touch of mobile screen. The 21st

century digital children are at par with the pace of the Technology and its multipledimensions affecting all spheres of their life.

What is planned to teach the children through this support material is to engross thechildren towards understanding the computer and its functional competency. This effortsurely enhances the learning pattern and desired outcomes. Parting computer in the schoolcurriculum brings paradigm shift from teaching to learning and also:

a. Use of computer by teacher increases their efficiency and quality of teaching.b. Integration of ICT in curricular activities makes children learning a joyful eventc. Inter-disciplinary approach in learning brings higher order conceptsd. Computer aided learning gives impetus to Multiple Intelligence such as; Creative

thinking and problem solving skills.

Let me also caution that this support material does not contain material to learnspecific software. Further, learning computers is not designed as a substitute for learning coresubjects. However, by association with the computer and with the help of this set of supportmaterial students will be able to explore the possibilities of using computer as a tool inenhancing knowledge, understanding of subjects and skills and concepts dealt in coresubjects. I am happy to be associated with the team in developing this material to assist theteachers and children in Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society (KREIS).The team involved in this work has also taken into account the constraint like availability oftime of the children in the Residential school pattern. Hence, lot of activities could beplanned to be conducted after the class hours through a formal interaction with the computerteacher and the subject teachers, using the techniques explained in this support material. Withthis material it is expected to enhance collaborative activities and interdisciplinaryapproaches. The support material in this series has links from level to level. Over a period of5 years students are expected to integrate ICT tools in their core subjects at ease. Althoughteachers can use their own methods to evaluate themselves the efficacy of use of this materialfrom time to time , learning concepts explained in this set of support material is not expectedto be evaluated through a formal set of examinations. The fun of learning the skills isincorporated in various exercises and activities recommended.

Special features maintained in series of support material are:

Minimum skills required at the age group for operation have been attempted to beincorporated

Time share of 100-120 periods (80 hrs per year) is planned Exercises and materials are designed in such a way that children Learn through

independent operation and collaborative work Play-way/Conversation /interactive approaches are adopted Brand neutrality is maintained to avoid specific alignment to any particular brand

Kannada compliant inputs are exhaustively attempted

I wish that teachers will make use of this material more informally to have fullparticipation of the students in productive manner. I thank the Karnataka ResidentialEducational Institutions Society (KREIS) for reposing confidence in our entire team indeveloping the material. Thanks are also due to the team members who have investedvaluable time and expertise.

(A N Ramachandra)

I

ICT – Support Material Level I

CHAIRMAN:

Dr. S.C Sharma, Former Vice Chancellor, Tumkur University, Karnataka

Co - CHAIRMAN:

Dr. N.C Naveen, HOD, Department of Information Science & Engineering, Dayananda SagarCollege of Engineering, Bengaluru.

MEMBERS:

Smt. Sunitha Thaavala M.Sc(CS), MDRS Kutinhopadavu, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshina Kannada.

Sri. Shankar D M.Tech, MDRS,Goormaranahalli, Channarayapatna taluk, Hassan.

Sri. Shivaraj Kenganal M.Sc(CS), MDRS, Vakkunda, Bailahongal taluk, Belagavi.

Sri. Veeresh K B MCA, KRCRS, Varalahalli, Hagaribommanahalli Taluk, Bellary.

Sri. Gururaj.K MCA, MDRS, Keladi, Sagar Taluk, Shivamogga.

COORDINATORS:

Sri. A.T Chamaraja, Retd. Joint Director, Department of Public Education and Consultant,

KREIS, Bengaluru.

Sri. Santosh Elemmi S.C M.Sc(CS), M.Phil, KREIS, Bengaluru.

Sri. Sunil C.S MCA, M.Tech, M.Phil, KREIS, Bengaluru.

Sri. Keerthi Kumar H M B.E, MDRS, Belur Town, Belur Taluk, Hassan.

TTEEXXTTBBOOOOKK CCOOMMMMIITTTTEEEETTEEXXTTBBOOOOKK CCOOMMMMIITTTTEEEE

Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society 6th Standard

II

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

This book is prepared for teaching about the computer to children. The teachers’ role is

primary that of a facilitator encouraging active learning. Specific guidelines can be found in the

Teachers’ Corner at the end of the book. The teachers’ should read all the books in a series before

starting any class and understand the flow of content to ensure that the contents are comfortably

communicated inside the classroom. Ensure that the conceptual understanding is mastered before

proceeding to the skills. Use the group activities and projects to stimulate creativity and knowledge

sharing. This book can easily be covered in one year, with four classes (40 minutes) per week. See the

table below for an overview of the concepts, objectives covered in each lesson along with periods.

Sl No Topic Name Concepts Objectives Periods

01Introduction to

computer

1. Introduction2. Parts of computer3. Characteristics of computer4. Applications of computer

Define computer. Identify the main parts of computer. Explain the characteristics of computer. List the various uses of computer. Identify places where computers can be used.

15(13+2)

02Components of

computer

1. Input Device2. Output Device3. Types of computer

Define input, output and processing. Identify some input and output devices of a

computer. Recognize the types of computer.

12(9+3)

03Do’s and Don’tswith computer

1. Correct way to use a computer.2. Computer Startup3. Shut down computer

Follow guidelines for maintenance of thecomputer.

Follow safety rules while using computers. Be sensitive to the needs of other users. Start the computer and shut down the computer.

12(8+4)

04Using Mouse

and Keyboard1. Mouse2. Keyboard

Identify the parts of a mouse and their functions. Use the mouse buttons for activities. Use a keyboard for entering words and numbers. Use special keys to enter text.

12(6+6)

05Paint using a

Computer

1. About Paint2. How to start Paint3. Structure of Paint window4. Tool Box5. Drawing Shapes6. Steps to Save and Exit

To open a paint application. Draw different shapes. Use different colors. Save and Exit.

24(2+22)

06 Fun With Paint

1. How to open Tux Paint2. Tux Paint Interface3. Use of Tools4. Drawing Diagrams

Draw and color painting in Tux Paint. Use different options in Tool Box. Identify icons associated with Tux paint.

24(2+22)

07Fun with Tux

Typing

1. Introduction2. Fish Cascade3. Comet zap4. Lessons

Open & work with Tux Typing. Practice typing skills with games. Type letters & words with speed and accuracy.

20(2+18)

08 Number System

1. Introduction to Number System2. Decimal Numbers3. Binary Numbers4. Octal Numbers5. Hexadecimal Numbers6. Conversions

Convert number from one number system toanother.

Identify different coding systems.

21(18+3)


III

CONTENTS

SL.NO NAME OF THE LESSON PAGE NO

01 Introduction to computer 01

02 Components of computer 10

03 Do’s and Don’ts with computer 18

04 Using mouse and keyboard 25

05 Paint using a computer 30

06 Fun with Paint 43

07 Fun with tux typing 48

08 Number System 52


IV

6th StandardLevel I

Familiarity with Computer

Software

Usage Skills

Safety and Security

Hardware

CPU

Input Device

Output Device

KeyboardMouseScannerMonitorPrinterSpeaker

SpeedStorageAccuracyDiligenceVersatilityFlexibilityReliability

Enhanced LearningWriting LettersPlaying GamesUtilities

SchoolsOfficesHospitalRailwayBanks

BinaryDecimalOctalHexadecimal

Characteristics

Places

Uses

Purpose

Number System Helpline

Paint – Drawing Shapes & Coloring

Tux Paint – Painting Pictures

Tux Type – Typing Letters & Words

Mouse: Left Click Right Click

Double ClickKeyboard: Using Alphabets Keys

Using Special keysStart Up:

Switch On Power Button of CPUShut Down: Shut down the system

Switch Off Monitor

Keep Clean:

Keep Computer area Clean Do not eat and drink near computers

Cover when not in useBe Safe: Do not pull wires connected.

Do not put your fingers Do not touch part with wet hands

Keep a Correct Posture:

Keep chair at proper height Keep proper distance from monitor

Be Gentle: Do not hit hard on the keyboard Do not remove any cable

Do not take any item awayShare Equally: Give Space to others while using.

Take turns while using mouse and keyboard

Getting Help

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer

Introduction

Parts of computer

Characteristics of Computer

Applications of Computer

Learning Outcomes:

After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:

Define computer.

Identify the main parts of the computer.

List the characteristics of the computer.

List the various uses of the computer.

Identify places where computers can be used.

Inside


Introduction

Parts of computer



Learning Outcomes:


Define computer.





Inside


Introduction

Parts of computer



Learning Outcomes:


Define computer.





Inside

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer 6th Standard

Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society 2 | P a g e

(One Day…………..Gunda and Reeta talking casually at home)

Gunda: Hi, what are you doing?

Reeta: I am watching T.V.

Gunda: What is T.V?

Reeta: It means television. It is an electronic machine.

Gunda: Do you know what an electronic machine is?

Reeta: Electronic machines are those machines, which perform a task or a job.

Gunda: Can you tell me some more electronic devices other than T.V?

Reeta: Washing machine, Mixer, Refrigerator, DVD player, Computer etc.

Gunda: Ok….. I know all these machines except Computer. Tell me what is a

Computer?

Reeta: A Computer is a general purpose device that can be used to carry out a

set of operations automatically.

Gunda: Ok, What are the benefits of Computer?

Reeta: It makes our work easy and save our time and energy as well.

Gunda: Come, Reeta Let us ask our teacher to tell more about Computer.






Gunda: What is T.V?







Computer?











Gunda: What is T.V?







Computer?








(Reeta and Gunda go to School)

Gunda and Reeta: Good morning Teacher.

Teacher: Very good morning.

Gunda: Teacher, please explain us about the

computer.

Teacher: Well students, come with me.

Students: Ok Teacher.

(Teacher and Students go to computer laboratory)

Students were in the computer room, looking at one of the computer. They were

trying to see how the wires were connected together.

Teacher: So, have you already noticed that a computer has many parts?

Gunda: Yes, just like we have hands, legs, eyes, and ears! What are the names

of the parts of a computer?

Teacher: The names of the four most important parts are - CPU, Monitor,

Keyboard, and Mouse.

Reeta: Why does a computer need so many parts? What do they do? How are

they connected?







computer.












they connected?







computer.












they connected?



Teacher: Good question Students! Let us learn about each of these parts.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the most

important part of a Computer. It is like the brain of a

computer. It does all Arithmetic and logical operations. It

also controls all other parts - Monitor, Keyboard, and

Mouse. These parts have to be connected to the CPU to

work.

MONITOR

A monitor looks like a TV screen. The CPU

uses the monitor to show us a text, photos, movies,

and games. The front portion of the monitor is called

the screen or display. The monitor is a standard

output device. The monitor shows whatever we type

or draw.

KEYBOARD

The Keyboard is made of several small buttons called keys. Each key has

a number, letter or word written on it. Just as you use a pencil to write on a

paper, you can use a keyboard to type. The keyboard is a standard input device.

Charles Babbage (1791-1871) designed an automatic calculating

machine which led to the evolution of computers. He designed two

machines namely difference engine and analytical engine. Because of

his great contribution to the evolution of Computer, he is known as

“Father of Computer”.










work.

MONITOR






or draw.

KEYBOARD


















work.

MONITOR






or draw.

KEYBOARD











MOUSE

A mouse is used to point at the items shown

on the monitor. The mouse usually has two or three

buttons and a small wheel between the buttons.

Mouse consists of two buttons- left button and right

button and a scroll wheel.

Gunda picks up the computer mouse and starts playing with it.

Teacher: Be careful! We must take proper care of the different computer parts.

QWERTY Version keyboard was invented by “August Dvork”.

Normal keyboard consists 104 – 108 keys

MOUSE – “Manually Operated User Sensible Equipment”

MOUSE was invented by “Douglas Englbart”.

Definition

“Computer is an electronic device that accepts storesand processes the data to generate meaningful results oroutput”.



MOUSE












Definition




MOUSE












Definition




Teacher: Reeta, Do you know the characteristics of the computer?

Reeta: Yes, I know Teacher. The computer works very fast.

Teacher: Very Good. There are some more characteristics as below.

Speed

Storage

Accuracy

Diligence

Versatility

Flexibility

Reliability

Speed:

The computer works very fast. The speed of

Computer is measured in terms of MIPS (Million

Instructions Per Second).

For Example A money counting machine counts

money faster than man.

Storage:

The computer can store a large volume of data and information. The storage

capacity of the computer is measured in terms of Bytes. A group of 8 Bits is

called a Byte.






Speed

Storage

Accuracy

Diligence

Versatility

Flexibility

Reliability

Speed:






Storage:



called a Byte.






Speed

Storage

Accuracy

Diligence

Versatility

Flexibility

Reliability

Speed:






Storage:



called a Byte.



Accuracy

The computer always gives correct

result unless the user gives the wrong inputs.

This property of Computer is called Accuracy.

Diligence

Unlike human beings, a computer does not

suffer from limitations like tiredness and lack of

concentration. It can work for hours without

making any errors.

Versatility

Computers are capable of performing any task.

Multi-processing features of computer make it quite

versatile in nature. The computer can be adapted to any

field easily. It is used for scientific calculations,

business processing, for playing games, teaching,

training etc.

Flexibility

Flexibility would involve the number of things

you can do with a computer. While some are best used

for simple business tasks, and filing of tasks, others are

good for multimedia, gaming, and so on.

Reliability

The term reliability refers to the ability of a

computer-related hardware or software component to

consistently perform according to its specifications.



Accuracy




Diligence




making any errors.

Versatility






training etc.

Flexibility





Reliability






Accuracy




Diligence




making any errors.

Versatility






training etc.

Flexibility





Reliability






Reeta: OK Teacher, please tells us some uses of the computer.

Teacher: Good question, OK students listen here.

Applications of computer – Some Examples

In Schools

Used in schools for learning different

subjects.

Used for enhanced learning program like

EDUSAT.

For recording student details.

In Offices

Computers are used for writing letters and preparing reports.

Used for office letter correspondence

through email.

Attendance records of the employee and

their personal details like employee id,

name, address and mobile number.

Used for the preparation of balance

sheets.

In Bank

For maintaining customers bank accounts.

For online banking services.

For counting Notes.

The computers also help in managing

ATM.






In Schools


subjects.


EDUSAT.


In Offices



through email.





sheets.

In Bank



For counting Notes.


ATM.






In Schools


subjects.


EDUSAT.


In Offices



through email.





sheets.

In Bank



For counting Notes.


ATM.



Utilities

Online booking of Railway, Bus, Air

tickets.

To recharge your mobile currency.

Online payment like electricity, water

bills etc.

In Hospital

Used to maintain records of patients.

Used in CT scanning

Used in X-Ray and ECG Machines.

In Scientific field.

Used to launch, control and communicate

with the satellites.

Used in weather forecasting.

Used in research fields.

Reeta: OK Teacher, but how can children use a computer?

Teacher: Some simple works that you can do using a computer.

You can write letter to your family

You can watch movies and listen to music.

You can draw pictures and cartoons.

You can create a greeting card for your

friend.

Reeta: Thank you, Teacher. Today we have learned a lot.

Teacher: Students, tomorrow we will learn more about the computer.



Utilities


tickets.



bills etc.

In Hospital


Used in CT scanning













friend.





Utilities


tickets.



bills etc.

In Hospital


Used in CT scanning













friend.



Chapter 2: Components of Computer

Input Device

Output Device

Types of Computer

Learning Outcomes:


Define input, output and processing.

Identify some input and output devices of a computer.

Recognize the types of computer.

Inside


Input Device

Output Device

Types of Computer

Learning Outcomes:





Inside


Input Device

Output Device

Types of Computer

Learning Outcomes:





Inside

Chapter 2: Components of Computer 6th Standard


Reeta: Teacher, yesterday we learnt about parts of the computer, but how does a

computer work?

Teacher: OK, I will give a good example to explain how a computer works. It

is as simple as making tea.

To prepare tea, we add water, tea powder, milk, and sugar. These are all

considered as input. After adding all, we have to boil. That boiling is called

processing. After boiling, we get tea. That is called output.

Similarly, the computer works based on the input, processing and output.

Input-Process-Output cycle (IPO Cycle)

Gunda: Teacher, what are input devices?

Teacher: Input devices allow us to send information to the computer. The input

to the computer is usually given by clicking the mouse or typing on

the keyboard. Example: keyboard, mouse etc.

Reeta: Teacher, tell me some other input devices other than keyboard and

mouse.

Teacher: Ok Students look here…




computer work?













mouse.





computer work?













mouse.




TRACKBALL

A trackball is an input device used to enter

motion data into computers or other electronic devices.

It serves the same purpose as a mouse but is designed

with a moveable ball on the top, which can be rolled in

any direction.

JOYSTICK

The joystick is also a pointing device which is used

to move cursor position on a monitor screen. The joystick

can be moved in all four directions. The function of the

joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly used in

playing computer games.

SCANNER

The scanner is an input device which works

more like a photocopy machine. It is used when

some information is available on a paper and it is

to be transferred to the computer for further

manipulation. The scanner captures images from

the source which are then converted into the digital

form.

Definition

Input device: The device used to accept the data and instructions from

the user is called input device.



TRACKBALL





any direction.

JOYSTICK






SCANNER







form.

Definition





TRACKBALL





any direction.

JOYSTICK






SCANNER







form.

Definition





LIGHT PEN

A light pen is a pointing device which is similar to a

pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw

pictures on the monitor screen.

WEB CAMERA

A web camera is an input device that can

record videos and take pictures. It can also transmit video over

the Internet in real-time, allowing you to do video chat or video

conferencing with someone in a different part of the world.

TOUCH SCREEN

It allows the user to operate/make selections by simply

touching the display screen. A display screen that is sensitive

to the touch of a finger and widely used in ATM machines, car

navigation systems, and medical monitors.

BAR CODE READER

Bar-code readers are photoelectric scanners that

read the bar codes or vertical zebra stripes marks,

printed on product containers. These devices are

generally used in supermarkets, bookshops etc.

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)

Optical mark recognition, also called mark sense

reader is a technology where an OMR device senses the

presence or absence of a mark, such as pencil mark.

OMR is widely used in tests such as aptitude test.



LIGHT PEN




WEB CAMERA





TOUCH SCREEN





BAR CODE READER












LIGHT PEN




WEB CAMERA





TOUCH SCREEN





BAR CODE READER












Gunda: Teacher, what are output devices?

Teacher: Output devices allow us to receive information from the computer.

The output from the computer may be printouts from the printer,

sounds on the speaker, or images on the monitor.

PRINTER

A Printer is an output device that helps you to print information on paper.

We can print letters, pictures on paper using a printer. The printer comes in

various models and types. They can be classified as impact or non-impact

printers.

Impact printers use the typewriting printing

mechanism wherein a hammer strikes the paper

through a ribbon in order to produce output. A dot-

matrix and character printer comes under this category.

Non-impact printers do not touch the paper while

printing. They use chemical, heat or electrical signals

to etch the symbols on paper. Inkjet, DeskJet, laser

printers comes under this category of printers.

PLOTTER

A plotter is an output device much like a

printer that is used for printing. Instead of toner,

plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or another

writing tool. Plotters can work on very large sheets

of paper and flat materials including plywood,

Definition

Output device: The device that displays output to the user is called

output device.







PRINTER




printers.









PLOTTER






Definition


output device.







PRINTER




printers.









PLOTTER






Definition


output device.



aluminum sheet and flex banners.

SPEAKERS

Speakers are another type of output

device, which allows you listen to sounds like

music and conversation with people.

PROJECTOR

Projectors are used in situations when

a very large viewing area is required, for example

during presentations, for advertising, or in the

home for watching movies.

Teacher: Good. So now you know that:

Keyboard and mouse are input devices.

Monitor and printer are output devices.

Any device has to be connected to the CPU in order to receive or send

information. CPU controls all the connected input and output devices.

Reeta: Teacher, are these computers classified as different types?

Teacher: Yes, Computers range in size and capability.

Hint

The CPU is neither an input nor an output device. It takes the

information given by the input devices, does the work and

sends the result to the output devices. This is called

Processing.




SPEAKERS




PROJECTOR












Hint




Processing.




SPEAKERS




PROJECTOR












Hint




Processing.



Types of computers

Desktop computers

Desktop computers are designed for use

at a desk or table. They are larger and more

powerful than other types of personal

computers. Desktop computers are made up of

separate components. The main component

called the system unit is a rectangular case that

sits on or underneath a desk. Other

components, such as the monitor, mouse, and keyboard, connect to the system

unit.

Laptops and Netbooks

Laptops are lightweight mobile PCs

with a thin screen. Laptops can operate on

batteries, so you can take them anywhere.

Unlike desktops, laptops combine the CPU,

screen, and keyboard in a single case.

Netbooks (also called mini notebooks) are small laptops that are less

powerful than laptops, they're used mainly to browse the web and check email.

Smartphones

Smartphones are mobile phones that have some of the

same capabilities as a computer. You can use a Smartphone to

make telephone calls, access the Internet, organize contact

information, send an email and text messages, play games,

and take pictures.



Types of computers

Desktop computers









unit.









Smartphones





and take pictures.



Types of computers

Desktop computers









unit.









Smartphones





and take pictures.



Handheld computers

Handheld computers, also called personal digital

assistants (PDAs), are small enough to carry almost anywhere.

Handheld computers are useful for scheduling appointments,

storing addresses and phone numbers, and playing games.

That has more advanced capabilities, such as making

telephone calls or accessing the Internet. Instead of keyboards,

handheld computers have touch screens that you use with finger or a stylus (a

pen-shaped pointing tool).

Tablet PCs

Tablet PCs combine features of laptops

and handheld computers. Like laptops, they're

powerful and have a built-in screen. Like

handheld computers, they allow you to write

notes or draw pictures on the screen, usually

with a tablet pen instead of a stylus. They can also convert handwritten text into

typed text.

Chapter 3: Do’s and Don’ts with Computer

Correct Way to Use computer

Keep it Clean

Be Safe

Keep a correct posture

Be Gentle

Share equally

Computer Start Up

Shutdown Computer

Learning Outcomes:


Follow guidelines for maintenance of the computer.

Follow safety rules while using computers.

Be sensitive to the needs of other users.

Start the computer and shut down the computer.

Inside



Keep it Clean

Be Safe


Be Gentle

Share equally

Computer Start Up

Shutdown Computer

Learning Outcomes:






Inside



Keep it Clean

Be Safe


Be Gentle

Share equally

Computer Start Up

Shutdown Computer

Learning Outcomes:






Inside

Chapter 3: Do’s & Don’ts with Computer 6th Standard


We must always take care of computers. While using computers, we

should follow the following instructions.

1. Keep it clean: It is sensitive to dust.

2. Be safe: Handle it safely as it works on electricity.

3. Keep a correct posture: To avoid injury.

4. Be gentle: It is delicate.

5. Share equally: It is for everyone.

Keep it Clean

Gunda: I am very hungry. Can we eat now?

Teacher: What if some food falls on the computer?

Reeta: It will stop working!!

Teacher: It’s correct Reeta.

A. We should always keep the

computer and its nearby area clean.

B. After the use of computer cover it

safely.

C. Do not take food or drinks into the

computer lab.

Be Safe

Gunda: CPU is connected by so many wires.

Reeta: We should be careful as one wire is connected to the electrical socket.

Teacher: Very good. A computer works on electricity just like your Television,

Washing machine. So, it is important to be careful.

A. You should always ask your teacher every time when you want to turn the

computer on or off. If a wire has come out, ask your Teacher to put it

back.

B. Avoid pulling any wires connected to the CPU.










Keep it Clean








safely.


computer lab.

Be Safe







back.











Keep it Clean








safely.


computer lab.

Be Safe







back.




C. Do not put your fingers or any object into the computer.

D. Do not touch any part of the computer with wet hands.

Keep a Correct Posture

Teacher: What will happen if you sit very close to the monitor?

Gunda: We are unable to see the screen clearly. Our eyes will start hurting.

Teacher: It is important to sit properly while using the computer.

A. Adjust your chair to the proper height.

B. Keep a proper distance from the monitor.

C. Avoid keeping your hand on the mouse continuously.

























Be Gentle

Gunda: Pressing some keys on the keyboard. These keys are so easy to press.

Teacher: Yes, gentle pressing of each key is enough. A computer is a delicate

machine.

A. Do not hit the keys on the

keyboard too hard.

B. Do not remove or disconnect any

cable.

C. Do not remove or take any

item away from the computer.

Share Equally

Reeta: Gunda, I have finished playing

this game. It is your turn now.

Teacher: It is good that you are taking

turns in using the computer. In

Computer laboratory, you have to share computers with your friends.

Everybody should get an equal chance to learn and play.

A. Do not fight for your turn on the computer.



Be Gentle



machine.


keyboard too hard.


cable.



Share Equally










Be Gentle



machine.


keyboard too hard.


cable.



Share Equally










B. Give space to your classmates while they are using computers.

C. Take turns for using the keyboard and the mouse.

D. Do not disturb others by making noise.

Computer Start Up:

Reeta: Teacher, the computers are switched off. Can you please start the

computer for us?

Teacher: Ok. First, let us check if the power supply switch is on. Locate the

power button on the CPU and press it lightly.

Teacher: The light indicates that the computer is switched on.

Reeta: There is nothing on the screen as the monitor is off.

Know This!

Switching on a computer: Computer is a machine that works on

electricity. Parts of the computer like the CPU, monitor, mouse and

keyboard require electricity. The 'Power' button on the CPU is used to

switch on the computer.






Computer Start Up:


computer for us?





Know This!










Computer Start Up:


computer for us?





Know This!







Teacher: Yes. Press the button on the monitor to switch it on. This button is

called a toggle switch. To switch off the monitor, you press it again.

Reeta: The monitor also has a small light indicating that it is on.

Teacher: Correct. Most of the monitors have an on/off indicator light.

Gunda: Why is it taking so long to show?

Teacher: It is getting everything ready for your use. This is called Start Up or

Booting.

Gunda: What do I do when I finish using the computer?

Teacher: You have to Shut Down the computer using the shutdown option to

turn off the computer. Please note that it takes some time to shut down.

This is because the computer is closing the activities that it started at

the time of booting. We should not switch off the power till this is

complete.









Booting.






complete.









Booting.






complete.



Reeta: The light on the CPU is off now. Let us switch off the monitor too.

Teacher switches off the power supply after the shutdown procedure is

completed.

Know This!

Shut down a computer: To shut down a computer, Click the

Start Button , select the Shut Down option. The electric

supply to the computer should be switched off only after the

lights on the computer go off.

Note

Shut Down: Shut down is the action of closing all the

activities and turning the computer off.





completed.

Know This!





Note







completed.

Know This!





Note



Chapter 4: Using Mouse and Keyboard

Mouse

Left Click

Right Click

Double Click

Keyboard

Alphabet Keys

Number Keys

Special keys

Learning Outcomes:


List the parts of a mouse and their functions.

Use the mouse buttons for activities.

Use a keyboard for entering words and numbers.

List special keys to enter text.

Inside

Chapter 4: Using Mouse and Keyboard 6th Standard


Reeta: Teacher, you said that we could play games using the computer. Can we

do that today?

Teacher: Sure, Can you tell me how to select the game?

Reeta: To point items on the monitor we use a mouse. When we move

the mouse around, the arrow on the screen also moves around.

Teacher: Good. The arrow is called the mouse

pointer. The mouse is usually kept on

a flat surface called the mouse pad.

Now, how do you play the game?

Gunda: I think we should press the buttons on

the mouse, but which one?

Teacher: Pressing the button is called a click. There mouse consisting of two

buttons. The button on the left-hand side is called the left button. The

button on the right-hand side is called the right button. Clicking

these buttons tells the computer what to do.

There are three types of mouse clicks:

Left click: Click the left button once. This is used to

select an activity after you point to it.

Right click: Click the right button once. This is used

to control the activity after you have started it.

Double click: Click the left button twice, quickly.

This is used to start the

activity after you have

pointed at it.

Gunda: To start a game, I have to first point to the game and select it by left

click. Then I have to double click for it to play. Am I correct?




do that today?






















pointed at it.






do that today?






















pointed at it.





Teacher: Very good. You are correct.

Gunda: Now move the mouse to select the game. While moving, the mouse

reaches the end of the mouse pad.

Gunda: The mouse pointer is gone. Where is the arrow?

Teacher: When you reach the end of the pad, lift the mouse and place it back in

the center.

Gunda: Yes. The pointer is back on the screen. Wow! This is fun.What is this

wheel like button on the mouse?

Teacher: The wheel between the left and right

mouse button is called the scroll button.

You can move up and down a page using

the scroll button.

Teacher: Now, we will play some games. First, tell me what do you use to write

in your book?

Reeta: We use a pencil or a pen.

Gunda: I have seen my brother use a keyboard to write on the computer.

Teacher: One of the important parts of the computer is Keyboard. What do you

see on it?

Gunda: There are many small buttons. Some of them have alphabets and

numbers written on them.

Reeta: The keyboard is connected by a wire to the CPU of the computer.

Teacher: Right. We can use a keyboard to give instructions to the computer.

The buttons on the keyboard are called keys.

Alphabet Keys

The keys on which you see alphabets: A – Z are called alphabet keys.

These are used to write words.



Number Keys

The keys on which you see numbers: 0 - 9 are called number keys. These

are used to write numbers.

Special Keys

The keys on which you see words are called special keys. These are used

for specific tasks such as moving to the next line on a page.

Teacher: Try to type your name using the keyboard. Can you find the alphabets

in your name on the keyboard?

Gunda: Yes. My name now appears on the monitor! Whatever I typed on the

keyboard is now shown on the monitor.

Teacher: Remember, your posture while using a keyboard is important. Sit

straight while typing. Press softly on the keys.



Number Keys



Special Keys











Number Keys



Special Keys











Gunda: How do I leave a space between the names?

Teacher: Use the Spacebar.

Spacebar

While you are typing, you can press the Spacebar to create spaces. This is

usually the longest key on the last row of the keyboard. It may not have anything

written on it.

Gunda: I made a mistake while typing. How do I erase it?

Teacher: Use the Backspace key.

Backspace

While you are typing, you can press the Backspace key to erase letters. It is

usually the last key in the row of numbers. This may look different on different

keyboards.

Gunda: How do I go to the next line?

Teacher: Use the Enter key.

Enter Key

While you are typing, the Enter key is used to move to the next line. It is

usually found at the end of the middle row of alphabets.

Teacher: Now you can play the ‘Tux Type‛ game.

The children play the game for some time and soon it was time for them to go

home.

Gunda: This was fun. Tomorrow, can you show us how to paint using a

computer?

Teacher: Yes. Tomorrow we can explore how to draw paint and shapes.





Spacebar



written on it.



Backspace



keyboards.



Enter Key





home.


computer?






Spacebar



written on it.



Backspace



keyboards.



Enter Key





home.


computer?



Explore!

BIOMETRICSBiometrics is the identification of a person by the measurement of their biological

features. For example, a user identifying themselves to a computer or building by their

fingerprint or voice is considered a biometrics identification. When compared to a password,

this type of system is much more difficult to fake since it is unique to the person. Other

common methods of a biometrics scan are a person's face, hand, iris, and retina.

India’s National ID program called Aadhaar is the largest biometric database in the

world. It is a biometrics-based digital identity assigned for a person’s lifetime, verifiable

online at anytime, anywhere.

Types of biometric devices

Face scanner - Biometric face scanners identify a person by

taking measurements of a person's face. For example, the

distance between the person's chins, eyes, nose, and mouth.

These types of scanners can be very secure assuming they are

smart enough to distinguish between a picture of a person and a real person.

Hand scanner - Like your fingerprint, the palm of your hand is

also unique to you. A biometric hand scanner will identify

the person by the palm of their hand.

Finger scanner – It identifies the person by their

fingerprint. These can be a secure method of identifying a person,

however, cheap and less expensive.

Retina or iris scanner - A biometric retina or iris scanner

identifies a person by scanning the iris or retina of their eyes.

These scanners are more secure biometric authentication schemes

when compared to the other devices because there is no known

way to duplicate the retina or iris.


Explore!



























Explore!


























Chapter 5: Paint Using a Computer

About Paint

How to start Paint

Structure of Paint window

Tool Box

Drawing Shapes

Steps to Save and Exit

Learning Outcomes:


Open a paint application.

Draw different shapes.

Use different colors.

Save and Exit.

Inside


About Paint

How to start Paint


Tool Box

Drawing Shapes


Learning Outcomes:





Save and Exit.

Inside


About Paint

How to start Paint


Tool Box

Drawing Shapes


Learning Outcomes:





Save and Exit.

Inside

Chapter 5: Paint using a Computer 6th Standard


About Paint

Paint is a simple graphics tool that is included in all versions of windows. Using Paint,

you can draw and color pictures. It has a pencil, eraser, and colors to draw different shapes

and pictures. You can do a lot with this paint – draw a line, draw varieties of shapes and fill

colors to them. You can insert an image, edit and print them.

How to start Paint?

Steps to open Paint

Click start button

Click all programs

Select accessories

Click on paint



About Paint





How to start Paint?

Steps to open Paint

Click start button

Click all programs

Select accessories

Click on paint



About Paint





How to start Paint?

Steps to open Paint

Click start button

Click all programs

Select accessories

Click on paint



Structure of paint window

Parts of a paint window

1. Paint button.

2. Title bar

3. Quick access toolbar.

4. Ribbon

5. Drawing area.

Paint button:

Clicking this button gives you a drop down menu containing options such as New,

Open, Save, Print and many more. These are useful for creating, opening, saving, printing and

sending an image.

Title bar:

Title bar shows Name of the paint window. At the right-hand end of the Title Bar are

the three usual window buttons-Minimize, Restore/Maximize, Close.





1. Paint button.

2. Title bar


4. Ribbon

5. Drawing area.

Paint button:



sending an image.

Title bar:







1. Paint button.

2. Title bar


4. Ribbon

5. Drawing area.

Paint button:



sending an image.

Title bar:





Quick access toolbar:

It is located at the top left of the paint window. It has some common options such as

save, undo, redo etc. You can add options to the quick access toolbar by just clicking the

arrow placed at the right of the toolbar. A drop down menu appears, the buttons that already

appear on the toolbar appear as checked. You can add rest of the buttons to quick access

toolbar.

Ribbon :

It is a strip of buttons and icons located above the drawing area. It contains two tabs

Home tab and View tab as shown in the figure below. Each tab consists of several groups of

tools. You can use these tools just by clicking on the icons.

Drawing Area:

The drawing area is the white area in the paint window. This is the place where we can

draw and color pictures

Toolbox

The toolbox contains two tabs. They are

1. Home Tab

2. View Tab








toolbar.

Ribbon :




Drawing Area:



Toolbox


1. Home Tab

2. View Tab








toolbar.

Ribbon :




Drawing Area:



Toolbox


1. Home Tab

2. View Tab



Home tab

Home tab contains the groups of tools for writing and editing the text. It also contains

tools such as brushes, shapes, colors to create images and color them.

Text tools

Text tools are used for writing and editing the text. These tools are listed below

Name of theTool

IconPurpose of using this

toolExample

Pencil

Used to draw freehand

drawing of required

thickness

Eraser

Used to erase your

drawing by using erase

tool

TextUsed to insert text into

the picture

Fill with color

Used to fill color to the

entire picture or an

enclosed shape you

want.

The Magnifier

The Magnifier Tool can be clicked over an area of which you want a closer view.

Left clicks give a closer view. Right clicks zoom out. So much less clunky than in previous

versions of Paint!

Drawing Shapes

You can use Paint to draw different types of shapes. Various tools to draw different

shapes are listed below:



Home tab



Text tools


Name of theTool


toolExample

Pencil


drawing of required

thickness

Eraser

Used to erase your


tool


the picture

Fill with color



enclosed shape you

want.

The Magnifier



versions of Paint!

Drawing Shapes





Home tab



Text tools


Name of theTool


toolExample

Pencil


drawing of required

thickness

Eraser

Used to erase your


tool


the picture

Fill with color



enclosed shape you

want.

The Magnifier



versions of Paint!

Drawing Shapes





Name of the Tool Icon Purpose of using this tool

Line Used to draw Lines

Curve Used to draw Curved shapes

Oval Used to draw Circles and Ovals

Rectangle and

Rounded

rectangle

Used to draw Squares and

Rectangles

Triangle and

Right triangleUsed to draw Triangles

Pentagon Use to draw Pentagon

Hexagon Use to draw Hexagon

Heart shapeUsed to draw Heart shape

drawings

Procedures to select a Tool.

1. On the Home tab, in the Shapes group, click on a shape.

2. To draw the shape, drag the mouse pointer overdrawing area. Drag the mouse to draw

the shape you have selected.

Colors

The Color section of the ribbon has three parts: Color 1, Color 2, and Color Palette.

Color 1

Color 1 is the Foreground Color and is always black when you open Paint or open

different Paint page.







Rectangle and

Rounded

rectangle


Rectangles

Triangle and





drawings





Colors


Color 1









Rectangle and

Rounded

rectangle


Rectangles

Triangle and





drawings





Colors


Color 1





Color 2

Color 2 is the Background Color and is always white when you open Paint or open a


You can change foreground and background color by selecting colors from Color Palette.

Color Palette

The two top lines of the Color Palette

show all the colors available whenever you are

making a picture. The line of blank squares at the bottom will show any colors you have

edited during this session. Once Paint is closed, those colors will vanish away.

Edit Colors

Click any color on an extended palette and

click the Add to Custom Colors button. As shown in

Figure.

Brushes

Brushes tool is used to draw lines that have a different appearance

and texture—it's like using different artistic brushes. By using different size

brushes, you can draw free-form and curving lines of different size that have

different effects.

1. On the Home tab, click the down arrow under Brushes.

2. Click the artistic brush that you want to use.

3. Click Size, and then click a line size, which determines the thickness of the brush

stroke.

In the Colors group, click Color 1, click

a color, and then drag the pointer to

paint.



Color 2




Color Palette





Edit Colors



Figure.

Brushes




different effects.




stroke.



paint.



Color 2




Color Palette





Edit Colors



Figure.

Brushes




different effects.




stroke.



paint.



Line Thickness, the Size Tool

This tool becomes active only after you have chosen either a

Brush or a Shape, so choose Brush or Shape and click the down arrow

under Size and choose a line thickness. The line thicknesses offered vary

according to the brush chosen.

Text tool

Use the Text tool to enter text in the picture.

1. On the Home tab, in the Tools group, click the Text tool .

2. Drag the pointer on the drawing area where you want to add text.

3. Under Text Tools, on the Text tab, in the Font group, click and choose the font face,

size, and style.

4. In the Colors group, click Color 1, and then click a color for the text.

5. Type the text that you want to

add.

6. (Optional) The backgrounds

of the text area to be filled, in

the Background group, click

Opaque. In the Colors group, click Color 2, and then click a background color for the

text area.

7. (Optional) Change the appearance of some of the text in the text box, select the text

you want to change, and then choose a new font face, size, style or color for the

selected text.








Text tool





size, and style.



add.





text area.



selected text.








Text tool





size, and style.



add.





text area.



selected text.



Resizing an image:

Pictures are resized in Paint using Resize tool present in the Image group of home tab.

Steps to resizing an image are given below

1. Select the image drawn on the drawing area using select tool.

2. Click resize button

3. ‘Resize and Skew’ dialogue box opens, enter the horizontal and vertical size of the

picture to be resized

4. Click ok. The picture of the drawing area gets resized.

View tab

The View tab is placed next to the Home tab. Zoom In/Out or sees an image in Full-

Screen mode. Select to show Rulers and Gridlines on an image which can help you align

elements in an image.



Resizing an image:








View tab






Resizing an image:








View tab






Do and Enjoy

Now let us draw in paint. Follow the steps given below to draw a house in paint

1. Open paint.

2. Select the Line tool by clicking on it. Increase the

thickness of rectangular sides. Click size; select the

thickness of the line from the drop down menu.

3. Click and drag the mouse to draw a line in the Drawing Area as shown below. (Note:

You can use the Eraser tool to erase a mistake.)

4. Click and drag the mouse to draw a line in the Drawing Area as shown below.

5. Select Rectangle from shapes. Set thickness of rectangular sides. Click and drag

the mouse to draw a line in the Drawing Area as shown below.



Do and Enjoy


1. Open paint.











Do and Enjoy


1. Open paint.











6. Select the pencil. Click and drag the mouse to the drawing area as shown below

to draw Trees.

7. Click on Fill with color tool Select any color from the colors palette and click on

the part of the drawing. Select other colors to make a colorful drawing.

8. Color trees using different artistic Brushes. Choose brushes of

various widths. Choose the color from the color palette.

9. Draw different shapes that you like on the drawing area.

10. Use the Text tool to enter text in the picture




to draw Trees.










to draw Trees.









Save and Exit

How to save a picture in Paint?

To save your picture in paint, follow the steps given

below

1. Click on the Paint button.

2. Click on Save option.

3. The Save As dialog box appears.

4. Type the file name in the File name: box

5. Click the save button.



Save and Exit



below








Save and Exit



below








How to open a saved picture in the paint?


2. Click on open option.

3. An open dialog box appears. Select the file, click

the open button.

How to exit from paint?


2. Click on Exit option.

Know This!

You can copy or cut an image, drawn on the drawing area and can beplaced in another place. You can also copy or cut an image drawn on theDrawing area into another file. Paint provides tools to do these activities in the Clipboard group of

Home tab.

Paint files can be saved with different File Formats: PNG (default),BMP, JPEG etc.







the open button.




Know This!


Home tab.








the open button.




Know This!


Home tab.


Chapter 6: Playing With Paint

How to open Tux Paint?

Tux paint Interface

Use of Tools

Drawing Diagrams

Learning Outcomes:


Draw and color painting in Tux Paint.

Use different options in Tool Box.

Identify icons associated with Tux paint.

Inside



Tux paint Interface

Use of Tools

Drawing Diagrams

Learning Outcomes:





Inside



Tux paint Interface

Use of Tools

Drawing Diagrams

Learning Outcomes:





Inside

Chapter 6: Playing with Paint 6th Standard


(This lesson helps to know how to draw painting through computer.)

Gunda: Teacher today we want to draw paint. Whether to double click one ofthese small pictures on the screen.

Teacher: Icons are the small pictures which appear on the screen. Doa double click on Paint Icon.

Reeta double clicks on the Paint Icon and points to space open up on theMonitor and ask.

Reeta: Is this space where we draw and paint?

Teacher: Yes. The blank space on the monitor appears is like a

page in your Drawing Book, where we can draw and

paint. This is called Canvass Area. There are some

ready pictures which you can color them.

Gunda: I see Tools written on the screen. What do they stand

for?













for?













for?



Teacher: If you draw a Picture on a drawing sheet you use drawing materials.

So to draw a picture on the computer we use some tools they are called

Tool Bar Options.

To open a picture click Open under Tools. Then color it by choosing Tool Bar.

Reeta: I want to draw my own picture and then color it. How should I do this?

Teacher: It’s very easy you can do this by selecting New option under Tools

and use Paint options start drawing yourself.

Reeta: I want to draw bright ‘Sun’. Can I use Colors Toolbars?

Teacher: Correct. The Color Tool Bar is called Color Palette. Select Red color

and the brush to draw Apple. In the same way, you can use different

colors for drawing different pictures.

Gunda: When I click shapes tool. I see another toolbar with many shapes. Why

is it so?

Teacher: All the shape items such as square and circle are grouped together in

the Shapes toolbar.

Gunda: Oh, this is just like drawing materials we use in drawing- Pencil, eraser,

brush, scale sharpener etc.

Reeta: Oh! All the food items like idli, sambar, and sweets put together by my

mom in my lunch box.

Teacher: Fine look at the different shapes in the toolbar.

Reeta: (Pointing to Pentagon) A Pentagon has five sides. It is known to me.





Tool Bar Options.










is it so?


the Shapes toolbar.











Tool Bar Options.










is it so?


the Shapes toolbar.









Teacher: Every picture we see is having its own shape. Can you draw and paint

some objects using tools?

Reeta and Gunda use drawing and painting tools to draw the following

picture.

Reeta: I would like draw and paint another picture. I don’t like to erase this

picture.

Teacher: Ok use the save option to save the picture which you drawn so far.

(The computer saves the picture in a file.)

Reeta: I would like to draw a new picture today. May I click the New option to

get a blank canvas (Drawing Area).

Teacher: You may use New option to get a blank canvas. You can draw a new

picture and paint here.

Reeta: (After drawing the picture) you said that we should click the save option

to save the picture in a file. What is a file?

Teacher: A file is just like a page in your notebook. Every time you use a new

canvas, the picture will be saved as a new file.






picture.


picture.
















picture.


picture.













Gunda: I clicked Open option. It

shows many saved

pictures. There is also a

picture driven by me last

day.

Teacher: The open option gives a

list of all the saved files.

You can continue to

draw and change any pictures you like.

Gunda: If I try to save this changed picture, will I lose the earlier picture?

Teachers: Click on save and see what happens.

Gunda: Clicks on Save and sees this screen.

Teacher: This is a dialog box. See here; it asks how

you want to save the picture. You can

choose “Yes” or “No”.

Teacher: You must remember to close the activities once you finish your work

on a computer.

Reeta: I clicked on Quit to close the activity.

What is this new dialog box?

Teacher: You have not saved your picture before

you clicked the Quit button. That’s why

computer gives you a chance to save the picture again. If you don’t

want to save the picture you can choose no and quit without saving the

picture.




shows many saved



day.



You can continue to









on a computer.







picture.




shows many saved



day.



You can continue to









on a computer.







picture.

Chapter 7: Fun with Tux Typing

Introduction to Tux Typing

Fish Cascade

Comet Zap

Lessons

Learning Outcomes:


Open & work with Tux Typing.

Practicing typing skills with games.

Type letters & words with speed and accuracy.

Inside



Fish Cascade

Comet Zap

Lessons

Learning Outcomes:





Inside



Fish Cascade

Comet Zap

Lessons

Learning Outcomes:





Inside

Chapter 7: Fun with Tux Typing 6th Standard



Tux Typing is a delightful typing game that helps to

improve typing skills while having fun. Tux Typing features a

penguin called Tux, the mascot of Linux Operating System.

To start Tux Typing double click the Tux Typing icon on the

desktop.

Another way is to click Start button, select All Programs and click Tux

Typing.

The interface of Tux Typing looks like this:

Tux Typing has two fun games: Fish Cascade & Comet Zap and also

various typing Lessons. Each game has different difficulty levels and option to

choose letters/words from alphabet, animals, astronomy, colors, finger exercises

and fruits etc.








desktop.


Typing.





and fruits etc.








desktop.


Typing.





and fruits etc.



Fish Cascade

In this game, the Tux is very hungry and looking for some fish to eat.

Fortunately, fishes are falling from the sky but each fish has a letter in it. Just

eating fish with a letter gives tummy ache! Just press the letter on the keyboard

and they disappear from the fishes. Help Tux to eat all the fish by pressing

letters.

Comet Zap

The mission of Tux is to save the cities from the comets falling from space.

Tux can destroy the comets by using a laser zap but he can’t aim. Fortunately,

each comet has a letter on it. Press the letter displayed on the comet and help

Tux to aim and destroy the comets to save our world.



Fish Cascade





letters.

Comet Zap







Fish Cascade





letters.

Comet Zap







Lessons

Typing lesson helps to practice the typing skills such as speed and

accuracy. Just select any lesson and Tux will guide you with the proper finger

placement and also show your errors and accuracy.



Lessons






Lessons




Chapter 8: Number System

Introduction to Number System

Decimal Numbers

Binary Numbers

Octal Numbers

Hexadecimal Numbers

Conversions

Other Computer Coding Systems

Learning Objectives:


Convert number from one number system to another.


Inside



Decimal Numbers

Binary Numbers

Octal Numbers

Hexadecimal Numbers

Conversions






Inside



Decimal Numbers

Binary Numbers

Octal Numbers

Hexadecimal Numbers

Conversions






Inside

Chapter 8: Number System 6th Standard


Introduction

The number system that we use in day-to-day life is decimal number system. For

example, a number system can be used to represent the number of students in a class or

number of people watching a certain TV program etc.

The Digital Computer represents all kinds of data and information in binary numbers.

It includes audio, graphics, video, text, and numbers.

Classification of Number System

Decimal number system

Binary number system

Octal number system

Hexadecimal number system

The decimal number system is used in general. However, the computers use the binary

number system. The octal and hexadecimal number systems are also used in the computer.

Decimal Number System

The decimal number system consists of ten digits from 0 to 9. It has 10 digits and

hence base of this system is 10.These digits can be used to represent any numeric value. It is

the most widely used number system.

Ex: 123(10), 456(10), 7890(10).

Definition

"A set of values used to represent different quantities is

known as Number System".

Know This!

The total number of digits used in a number system is called its Base

or Radix.

The base is written after the number as subscript such as 512(10).It is

a Decimal number as its base is 10.



Introduction









Octal number system








Ex: 123(10), 456(10), 7890(10).

Definition



Know This!


or Radix.





Introduction









Octal number system








Ex: 123(10), 456(10), 7890(10).

Definition



Know This!


or Radix.





Binary Number System

Digital computer represents all kinds of data and information in the binary system.

Binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1. Its base is 2. Each digit or bit in binary

number system can be 0 or 1.

A combination of binary numbers may be used to represent different quantities like

1001. The weight of each position is a power of 2.

Ex: 1011(2), 111(2), 100001(2)

Octal Number System

The octal number system has digits starting from 0 to 7. The base of this system is 8.

Each digit position in this system represents a power of 8. Any digit in this system is always

less than 8.

Ex: 123(8), 236(8), 564(8)

Hexadecimal Number System

The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The

letters A to F represent decimal numbers from 10 to 15. That is, ‘A’ represents 10, ‘B’

represents 11, ‘C’ represents 12, ‘D’ represents 13, ‘E’ represents 14 and ‘F’ represents

15.The base of this number system is 16.

Ex: A4 (16), 1AB (16), 934(16), C (16)

Number System Base Symbol used

Binary 2 0, 1

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Hexadecimal 160,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A,B,C,D,E,F

where A=10; B=11; C=12; D=13; E=14; F=15

Note

The number 6418 is not a valid octal number because 8 is not a

valid digit.









Ex: 1011(2), 111(2), 100001(2)

Octal Number System



less than 8.

Ex: 123(8), 236(8), 564(8)






Ex: A4 (16), 1AB (16), 934(16), C (16)


Binary 2 0, 1

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9


where A=10; B=11; C=12; D=13; E=14; F=15

Note


valid digit.









Ex: 1011(2), 111(2), 100001(2)

Octal Number System



less than 8.

Ex: 123(8), 236(8), 564(8)






Ex: A4 (16), 1AB (16), 934(16), C (16)


Binary 2 0, 1

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9


where A=10; B=11; C=12; D=13; E=14; F=15

Note


valid digit.



Conversions

Conversion from Decimal to Binary

Steps to convert decimal number to binary number:

Step 1: Divide the decimal number by 2.

Step 2: Take the remainder and record it on the right side.

Step 3: Divide the quotient by 2.

Step 4: REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further

Step 5: Write the remainder in reverse order and we get the resultant binary number.

Example: To convert the decimal number 87 to binary,

follow these steps…

So 87 decimal is written as 1010111 in binary.

It can be written as 87(10)= 1010111(2)



Steps to convert binary number to decimal number

Step 1: Start at the rightmost bit.

Step 2: Take that bit and multiply by 2n, when n is the current position beginning at 0

and increasing by 1 each time. This represents a power of two.

Step 3: Then, add each number.

Step 4: After addition, the resultant is equal to the decimal value of the binary number.

Example: To convert the binary number 1010111 to decimal, follow these steps…

The binary number 1010111 is written as 87 in the decimal system.

It can be written as 1010111(2) = 87(10)

Conversion from Decimal to Octal

Steps to convert decimal number to octal number

Step 1: Take the given decimal number.

Step 2: If the number is less than 8 the octal number is the same.

Step 3: If the number is greater than 7 then divide the decimal number by 8.

Step 4: Take the remainder and record it on the side.

Step 5: Divide the quotient by 8.

Step 5: REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further

Step 6: Write the remainders in reverse order and we get the resultant octal number.

Example: To convert the decimal number 3034 to

octal, follow these steps…

So 3034 decimal is written as 5732 in octal.




Steps to convert octal number to decimal number


Step 2: Take that bit and multiply by 8n, when n is the current position beginning at 0

and increasing by 1 each time. This represents the power of 8.


Step 4: After addition, the resultant is equal to the decimal value of the octal number.

Example: To convert the octal or base-8 number 5732 to decimal, follow these steps…

The octal number 5732 is written as 3034 in the decimal system.


Conversion from Decimal to Hexadecimal

Steps to convert decimal number to hexadecimal number

Step 1: Take the given decimal number.

Step 2: If the number is less than 16 the hexadecimal number is the same.

Step 3: If the number is greater than 15 then divide the decimal number by 16.

Step 4: Take the remainder and record it on the side.

Step 5: REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further.

Step 6: Write the remainders in reverse order and we get the equivalent hexadecimal

number.

Example To convert the decimal number 3034 to

hexadecimal, follow these steps…

So 16242 decimal is written as 3F72 in

hexadecimal.

It can be written as 16242(10) = 3F72 (16)



Steps to convert hexadecimal number to decimal number


Step 2: Take that bit and multiply by 16n, where n is the current position beginning at

0 and increasing by 1 each time. This represents a power of 16.


Step 4: After addition, the resultant is equal to the decimal value of the hexadecimal

number.

Example: To convert the Hexadecimal or base-16 number 3F72 to a decimal number,


The Hexadecimal number 3F72 is written as 16242 in the decimal system.

It can be written as (3F72)16= (16242)10

Conversion from Octal to Binary

Steps to convert octal to binary

Step 1: Take the each digit from octal number

Step 2: Convert each digit to 3-bit binary number. (Each octal digit is represented by a

three-bit binary number as shown in Numbering System Table)

Example: Consider the octal number 456(8)

Therefore, 456(8) = 100101110 (2)

Note

Shortcut method to convert hexadecimal to decimal number









number.











Therefore, 456(8) = 100101110 (2)

Note










number.











Therefore, 456(8) = 100101110 (2)

Note




Conversion from Hexadecimal to Binary

Steps to convert hexadecimal to binary

Step 1: Take the each digit from hexadecimal number

Step 2: Convert each digit to 4-bit binary number. (Each hexadecimal digit is

represented by a four-bit binary number as shown in Numbering System Table)

Example: Consider the octal number CEBA (16)

Therefore, CEBA (16) = 1100 1110 1011 1010 (2)


ASCII

Acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each

letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.

Example: The ASCII code for uppercase M is 77.

EBCDIC

Acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It uses an 8-bit code

and hence possible to represent 256 different characters or bit combinations. EBCDIC is

similar to ASCII commonly used on most computers and computer equipment today.

It was first developed by IBM and is a coding method generally used by larger

computers to present letters, numbers or other symbols in a binary language the computer can

understand.

BCD

BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. It is one of the early

computer codes. In this coding systems the bit are given from left to

right, the weights 8,4,2,1 respectively.

Example: The decimal number 537 is represented in 4-bit 8421.

BCD code as


Teachers’Corner

Discuss the concept of machines with students. Introduce the computer as a versatile

machine that can be used for many things. Involve the children in a discussion about the

places where they have seen a computer and how it can help people perform various tasks

in those places.

Mention other interesting uses that children can identify with – for example, computers

are used in the making of cartoon films, designing toys, books, buildings, etc.

Keep some audio/ video clips like rhymes, cartoons on the computer. Play these and let

the students watch.

Give examples to clarify the concepts of input and output. For example, to make

sugarcane juice you need sugarcane as input and the juice is the output. Write different

examples on the blackboard and ask them to identify what are the inputs and outputs

devices.

Demonstrate the proper posture of using a computer.

Demonstrate how to turn on the computer and shut it down.

Allow the students to practice drawing in the Paint program.

Demonstrate how to work with Tux Paint and Tux Typing. Make your students more

curious by introducing these programs as games. Both of these programs can be freely

downloaded from http://www.tux4kids.alioth.debian.org/

Explain the concept of the binary number system. Give an example of how a particular

word is saved by the computer in the binary number system form. Explain the concept of

bit and byte.


Teachers’Corner




in those places.




the students watch.




devices.









bit and byte.


Teachers’Corner




in those places.




the students watch.




devices.









bit and byte.


Common Guidelines

PREPARATION

Laboratory Setup:

Computer laboratory should have a safe and comfortable learning environment that

encourages the creativity of the students. Computers and seating arrangement should be well

organized so that students can easily access the computers and work comfortably. It also

helps the teacher to keep an eye on all the computer screens and move quickly to any

computer.

Computers are delicate devices that require a stable source of power. Avoid

connecting the computers directly to the main supply. Connect the computers to

UPS or at least, a surge protector.

Proper earthing must be done to prevent shock hazards.

Computer laboratory should be free from dust. Fitting curtains to windows reduces

the entry of dust particles. Do not allow any food particle or water inside the

laboratory.

Instruct the students to leave their footwear outside the laboratory. Use room

freshener to avoid odor in the laboratory.

Computer laboratory must have good circulation of air to avoid overheating and

suffocation. Proper ventilation enables the computers to cool and avoids damaging

the electrical parts. Switch on the cooling fans and keep the windows open during a

laboratory session. Avoid overcrowding in the room.

Computer laboratory should have proper lighting. Using computers in dark strains

the eyes and causes a headache and fatigue.

Seating should help students to maintain the proper posture and sit at a comfortable

level with the monitor. Keyboard and mouse should be properly placed on the table.

Has an alternate activity planned in case something goes wrong with the laboratory

session? If there is a power outage or technical problem with the computers, involve

students in that activity instead of having them to sit passively while you

troubleshoot the problem.


Common Guidelines

PREPARATION

Laboratory Setup:





computer.







laboratory.
















Common Guidelines

PREPARATION

Laboratory Setup:





computer.







laboratory.
















Do not throw away any old computer hardware as trash. Disassemble it, fix it on a

cardboard, label its parts and make it an item of the exhibition. Use it as a tool while

teaching.

Software:

Install all necessary software well before starting the laboratory session.

Stationary:

Keep the stationary like paper, pencils, tags, etc., ready for starting an activity or

giving a written test in the classroom.

Evaluation:

Use the activities given in the book to perform Formative Assessment tests. However,

the activities need not be limited to those that are prescribed in the book. Teachers can

include new activities.The activities may be evaluated on the basis of excellent, best, good,

moderate and to be improved as shown in the table. Use different rubrics to evaluate the

performance of the child using the following parameters.

SlNo

Rubrics Excellent Best Good ModerateTo be

Improved

DEMONSTRATION

Whole-Class Presentations:

Availability of a limited number of computers restricts a number of time students are

able to individually spend with the computer. An effective solution to this problem is to lead

whole-class presentations, where an entire class can learn together.

Use a large display, such as a television monitor, LCD panel, or video projection

system. It is very important for each student to have a clear view of the demonstration screen.

If a large viewing screen is not available, have your students rotate through the demonstration

while others are working on independent group activities.

Since students are not using the computers during the presentation, there is the danger

that they will lose interest. Using multimedia is a great way to keep your students engaged.

Multimedia can range from Presentations with animated text and graphics to video streams

on the Internet.


Collaboration & Grouping:

Whole-class presentations do not give the students hands-on computer experience.

Collaborative learning, in which students work in teams to explore a topic or create a project,

helps maximize classroom computer use. Students gathered around one computer work

together, asking each other questions, sharing ideas, and leading each other through the

assignment. When students are working in the computer laboratory, take advantage of

collaborative learning if there are not enough computers for each student - create teams of

two students for each computer.

Students work in teams of two since the limited space around the computer usually

impacts comfortable monitor viewing by all team members.

Teams consist of students of mixed ability levels. If one student has difficulty, other

more knowledgeable team member can help out.

Each team member is responsible for a specific part of an assignment, and students

should rotate their roles regularly.

Members of a team are of the same gender and comfortably collaborate while

learning.

SYSTEM HANDLING

Computer laboratory consists of valuable equipment, it is important that they are not

abused. Proper system handling habits should be cultivated among the students.

Demonstrate the proper procedure for starting and shutting down the computer to

avoid loss of data and damage to computer programs.

Encourage the gentle use of mouse and keyboard.

Avoid students from moving the computer parts unnecessarily especially when they

are powered on.

Heavy objects should not be placed on any computer components.

Energy saving habits like shutting down the computers when not used, switching off

the lights and fans while closing the laboratory etc., should be encouraged

SAFETY MEASURES

Make sure that the laboratory is safe to use before taking students inside. There

should be no exposed electrical wires or open electricity outlets reachable to

students.

The laboratory furniture must be well arranged to prevent accidents.


Comfortable seating arrangement and proper monitor level should be maintained.

Ensure that the temperature in the laboratory stays cool, since there are a lot of

machines working in the laboratory as these can overheat easily. Maintain proper

ventilation by keeping the windows open and using fans.

Monitor the students while they are in the laboratory. Students should not attempt to

open, tamper or interfere with any of the computer, printing or cabling equipment in

the laboratory.

Gaseous fire extinguishers should be kept in the computer laboratory. Water or

powder-based fire extinguishers should not be used as they can damage the

computer components.

COMPUTER CLUB

Establish a computer club in school and students have signed up to join the club. The

goal of computer club is to attract more students towards learning computer, increase the

awareness about technology and to give an exposure to the knowledge that is beyond the

regular curriculum. Organize a club meeting once every fortnight and plan the activities.

Some of the computer club activities are:

Inviting resource persons like lecturers from the nearest Engineering College and

organize seminars on topics related to computers and technology.

Conducting a computer exhibition by collaborating with nearby schools.

Organizing school/inter-school level competitions such as computer/technology

quiz, poster making, computer games, debate etc. and rewarding the winners

suitably so that the same will motivate others.

Celebrating World Computer Literacy Day on 2nd December by conducting

meaningful programs.

Documents

GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA · 6.10.2016 · school children about the use of computers was a challenge. ... objectives covered in each lesson along with periods. ... Railway Banks Binary