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Government
Citizen ParticipationAutocratic/Autocracy
Oligarchic/Oligarchy
Democratic/Democracy
Definition Definition Definition
Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics:
Autocratic/Autocracy
Oligarchic/Oligarchy
Democratic/Democracy
Examples Examples Examples
Picture Picture Picture
Citizen Participation
• Different governments decide a citizens’ role in government differently
• The government can share none, little, or most of its power with its citizens
3 main ways governments determine citizen participation . . .
1. autocratic 2. oligarchic 3. democratic
AUTOCRATIC
rule by one
OLIGARCHIC rule by the few
DEMOCRATIC rule by all
Citizen’s Role in Government
Democratic
(all)
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
MOST citizen
participation
LEAST citizen
participation
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
DemocracyOligarchicAutocratic
Go
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rnm
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t P
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Cit
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Go
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Ge
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itiz
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s’
Pa
rtic
ipa
tio
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Go
ve
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en
t P
ow
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Cit
ize
n P
arti
cip
ati
on
Se
lec
t C
itiz
en
s’
Pa
rtic
ipa
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n
High Participation High Participation
Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation
Autocratic
• One person (ex. King, Emperor, Czar) possesses unlimited power
• The citizen has limited, if any, role in government
Autocratic cont.• Ruler gets power through
inheritance or ruthless use of military & police power
• The oldest form of government• One of the most common forms
of government
Examples of Autocratic Gov’tsTotalitarianism & Dictatorships
• Ideas of a single leader glorified• Gov’t tries to control all parts of social
& economic life• People lack the power to limit their
rulers• Examples- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin,
Sudan
Examples of Autocratic Gov’tsAbsolute Monarchy
• King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power
• Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives)
• People lack the power to limit their rulers
• Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western Europe
• Example - King of Saudi Arabia
Oligarchy• Government by the few (a few
powerful individuals make decisions)
• A small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes
• The citizen has a very limited role
•The ruling group gets its power from military power, wealth, religion or a combination.
•Political disagreement is usually suppressed (sometimes violently)
Oligarchy
Examples of Oligarchy Theocracy (Iran)
• a government run by religious authority
• A Deity (god) is recognized as the highest ruler
• The Deity's laws are interpreted by religious experts (priests, mullahs, etc.)
Examples of OligarchyCommunism (China)
• Gov’t plans & controls the economy • a single party holds power• state controls are forced • NO private ownership of property • All goods are to be equally shared by
the people (ex. classless society)
WARNING!Autocracy & Oligarchy
• Sometimes claim they rule for the people.• In reality, the people have very little say in both
types of government.• Example - may hold elections with only one
candidate or control the results of elections• Example - even when these governments have a
legislature (branch that makes laws), they often only approve decisions made by the leaders.
Democracy•Citizens vote on government
representatives & on specific issues
•People have the most power
Presidential Democracy Parliamentary Democracy
Definition: Definition:
Characteristics: Characteristics:
Examples Examples
PICTURE: PICTURE:
2 main forms of democratic governments . . .
1.Parliamentary: parliament (legislature) elects prime minister
2. Presidential: citizens elect president
Presidential Democracy
• Different branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) are equal in power
• Executive branch independent from the legislature (ex. president elected by citizens not legislature)
Examples of Presidential Democracy
Republic
(U.S., Kenya, South Africa, India) the people elect representatives to govern and
make laws
Parliamentary Democracy•Legislature makes most
decisions•Executive (Prime Minister)
elected by the legislature instead of by the citizens
•Example - Israel
Examples of Parliamentary Democracy
Constitutional Monarchy(Japan)
• Monarch (king or queen) must follow the laws of the constitution
• monarch is usually a figure-head, the real power rests with the legislature (Parliament/Congress)