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Governance Reform in Karnataka. Vikram K. Chand World Bank April 26, 2004. The Context. Reformist Government elected in late 1999. Pressures from below for change in system. Legacy of highly skilled civil service. Key Challenges. Improving the quality of services. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Karnataka
Governance Reform in Karnataka
Vikram K. ChandWorld Bank
April 26, 2004
Karnataka
The Context
Reformist Government elected in late 1999.
Pressures from below for change in system.
Legacy of highly skilled civil service.
KarnatakaKey Challenges
Improving the quality of services.
Reducing political interference.
Combating corruption.
Karnataka
Bangalore’s Service Delivery Miracle
Dramatic improvements in service delivery.
Report cards issued by the Public Affairs Center (PAC).
Survey commissioned by the Bangalore Agenda Task Force (BATF).
Karnataka
Improvements in Satisfaction: Public Services in Bangalore
5 6 49
25
1
14
4147
42
67
34 34
16
32 32
73
94
73
92
7378
85
96
77
n/a n/a0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
City c
ounci
l
Elect
ricity
Wat
er s
upply
Tele
phon
es
Public
hos
pita
ls
Polic
e
Land
aut
horit
y
Public
bus
es
Tran
spor
t aut
hority
Agencies
% s
atis
fied
1994 1999 2003
Source : PAC
Karnataka
Large Decline in Corruption
Corruption across Three Report Cards
14 9
3219
22
25
0
20
40
60
80
100
1994 1999 2003
Year
% w
ho
pa
id
General Households Slum
Source: PAC
Karnataka
Trends: Services in Bangalore
8
7
4
2
21
19
15
4
65
64
66
66
6
10
15
28
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
July 2000
Feb 2001
Sep 2001
Feb 2003
%
Worsened Remained the same Improved Improved a lot
Source: BATF
Karnataka
Computerization of Land Records
20 million land records computerized.
Results: Steep reduction in bribes Faster delivery times Fewer errors
Travel to Taluq offices still necessary.
Karnataka
Enhancing Transparency in Government
Transparency in Tenders and Procurement.
Model law on Right to Information (RTI).
RTI adopted despite stiff resistance.
NGO’s push for RTI implementation.
KarnatakaFrequent Civil Servant Transfers
Market in buying and selling of posts.
Politicians use transfers for patronage.
Frequent transfers hurt service delivery.
KarnatakaOverall Transfers/Karnataka
Bangarappa
Moily
Devegowda Patel
Krishna (current)
KarnatakaControlling Transfers
Cadre management committees.
Quantitative caps on transfers.
Computerized transfer process.
Mass transfers reduced – sustainable?
Karnataka
Anti-corruption Enforcement
Strongest Lok Ayukta (Ombudsman) in India.
Investigates corruption/maladministration.
Budget US$1.6 million; five hundred officers.
Activist Judge appointed in June, 2001.
Karnataka
Lok Ayukta: Focus on Service Delivery
Investigations: Drug adulteration Public hospitals (absenteeism, exploitation) Transport and registration departments. Corruption in municipal government
Volume of complaints triple in one year.
Wide publicity may be the best way to check corruption when courts don’t work...
Karnataka
Lok Ayukta In Action
Karnataka
Key lessons from Karnataka
Political commitment crucial for reform.
Administrative reformers empowered.
Civil society stoke pressure for change.
BATF: Model of public-private partnership.
Synergy among key actors in Karnataka.
Karnataka
The Role of the World Bank
Reinforce local initiatives through SALs.
Focus: first fiscal, expand to governance.
Time-table for home-grown reforms.
SALs strengthen reformers in government.
Efforts not uniformly successful.
Karnataka
Future Challenges
Replicating Bangalore model.
Extending service delivery gains to rural areas.
Sustaining political commitment.