Governance OptionsGovernance OptionsPart IIPart II

Early Childhood Education Temporary Task ForceEarly Childhood Education Temporary Task Force

Governance Working Group MeetingGovernance Working Group Meeting

September 19, 2005September 19, 2005

Teresa VastTeresa Vast

Early Childhood Policy ConsultantEarly Childhood Policy Consultant

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Overview Overview What are the essential functions of ECE system What are the essential functions of ECE system

governance? governance?

What characteristics of a governance structure are What characteristics of a governance structure are essential? essential?

What capacities are needed for an effective governance What capacities are needed for an effective governance structure? structure?

What is our current model? Are changes needed?What is our current model? Are changes needed?

What should we know about various governance What should we know about various governance structures we are considering?structures we are considering?

What are some pros and cons of each model for Hawaii?What are some pros and cons of each model for Hawaii?

Which models are most promising for Hawaii?Which models are most promising for Hawaii?

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Roles & Functions of GovernanceRoles & Functions of Governance

Develop and set policyDevelop and set policy Generate resourcesGenerate resources Allocate resourcesAllocate resources Collaborate across systemsCollaborate across systems Develop and set standardsDevelop and set standards Monitor quality of programs, servicesMonitor quality of programs, services Provide technical assistanceProvide technical assistance Oversee evaluation of system performanceOversee evaluation of system performance

(Restated from 9/8 Governance Working Group meeting notes)(Restated from 9/8 Governance Working Group meeting notes)

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

What are key characteristics What are key characteristics needed in a governance structure?needed in a governance structure?

RepresentativeRepresentative – involving those whose perspectives and – involving those whose perspectives and expertise are needed to make effective decisionsexpertise are needed to make effective decisions

LegitimateLegitimate – regarded as a fair and appropriate locus for – regarded as a fair and appropriate locus for decision-making by those affected by the decisions madedecision-making by those affected by the decisions made

EnduringEnduring – sustainable across changes in leadership – sustainable across changes in leadership

Effective and flexibleEffective and flexible – organized/structured for – organized/structured for continuous improvementcontinuous improvement

AuthoritativeAuthoritative – capable of holding all elements of the – capable of holding all elements of the system accountable to achieving their objectivessystem accountable to achieving their objectives

(Bruner, p. 10-11)(Bruner, p. 10-11)

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Characteristics and CapacitiesCharacteristics and Capacities

Ability to facilitate collaboration among all public and Ability to facilitate collaboration among all public and private playersprivate players

Ability to attract & retain leaders with vision & passionAbility to attract & retain leaders with vision & passion

Authority to leadAuthority to lead

Power to make decisions Power to make decisions

Power to generate & control allocation of resourcesPower to generate & control allocation of resources

Authority to ensure uniform data collection and reporting Authority to ensure uniform data collection and reporting across systemsacross systems

(Restated from 9/8 Governance Working Group meeting notes)(Restated from 9/8 Governance Working Group meeting notes)

Good Beginnings Coordinating Structure/Act 77Good Beginnings Coordinating Structure/Act 77

Hawaii’s Current Model for ECE Hawaii’s Current Model for ECE CollaborationCollaboration

Good Beginnings Alliance14 Member Board of Directors

Institutional and Individual Members

Interdepartmental Council8 Members

DOE, DHS, DOH, DLIR, DBEDTGovernor’s Office, Philanthropy,

Business

GBA Staff

GBA Advisory Group

Service integration/CoordinationData CollectionPublic EngagementFinance/ Resource DevelopmentQuality AssuranceEC Career Development CoalitionKia’Ika ‘Ike (Director’s Group)

Good Beginnings

CountyCoordinator

Oahu Good Beginnings

Community Council

MauiGood Beginnings

Community Council

Hawaii Good Beginnings

Community Council

KauaiGood Beginnings

Community Council

GBA Standing Committee

Personnel & Finance

Good Beginnings

CountyCoordinator

Good Beginnings

CountyCoordinator

Good Beginnings

CountyCoordinator

Community

Initiatives

Community

Initiatives

Community

Initiatives

Community

Initiatives

School Readiness Taskforce

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

State-Level Governance StructuresState-Level Governance Structuresto Consider for Hawaii’s ECE to Consider for Hawaii’s ECE

SystemSystem Mandatory Coordination/CollaborationMandatory Coordination/Collaboration

Joint management by two or more departmentsJoint management by two or more departments

Consolidation of ECE programs/services in one Consolidation of ECE programs/services in one existing departmentexisting department

Independent governmental entity dedicated to ECEIndependent governmental entity dedicated to ECE

Quasi-governmental or public/private entityQuasi-governmental or public/private entity

Nonprofit entity dedicated to ECENonprofit entity dedicated to ECE

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/CollaborationCoordination/Collaboration

Separate departments responsible for different Separate departments responsible for different aspects of early care and educationaspects of early care and education

Mechanism for cross-department Mechanism for cross-department coordination/collaboration, e.g. Children’s Cabinetcoordination/collaboration, e.g. Children’s Cabinet

Examples: Delaware, Louisiana, Maryland, West VirginiaExamples: Delaware, Louisiana, Maryland, West Virginia

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/CollaborationCoordination/Collaboration

VariantsVariants…… Authority to set standardsAuthority to set standards

Produce a cross-dept children’s budget with prioritized Produce a cross-dept children’s budget with prioritized

funding recommendationsfunding recommendations

Pool fundsPool funds

May disburse funds to support initiativesMay disburse funds to support initiatives

Advisory boardAdvisory board

Private sector representatives, parents may be includedPrivate sector representatives, parents may be included

May link to local governance entities or communities May link to local governance entities or communities

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

DelawareDelaware Governance structureGovernance structure

Interagency Resource Management Committee:Interagency Resource Management Committee: Department heads approve budgets for ECE Department heads approve budgets for ECE

Early Care and Education OfficeEarly Care and Education Office

Interagency office funded by three departmentsInteragency office funded by three departments

Early Care and Education Council Early Care and Education Council Advisory group of private sector representativesAdvisory group of private sector representatives

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

DelawareDelaware Interagency Resource Management CommitteeInteragency Resource Management Committee

Department heads Department heads Education; Services for Children, Youth, and Their Families; Education; Services for Children, Youth, and Their Families;

Health and Social Services; Budget Director and Controller Health and Social Services; Budget Director and Controller GeneralGeneral

Work Group: One representative from each of the Work Group: One representative from each of the departments of the Committee membersdepartments of the Committee members

Approves budgets for early childhood programs Approves budgets for early childhood programs

Fosters interagency coordination in service delivery Fosters interagency coordination in service delivery

Established in statute, 1992Established in statute, 1992

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

DelawareDelaware

Early Care and Education OfficeEarly Care and Education Office Established under the auspices of the Interagency Established under the auspices of the Interagency

Resource Management Committee Resource Management Committee Interagency office located in the Department of Interagency office located in the Department of

EducationEducation Departments of Services for Children, Youth, and Departments of Services for Children, Youth, and

Their Families, Health and Social Services and Their Families, Health and Social Services and Education each fund a staff position to support the Education each fund a staff position to support the work of the ECE Officework of the ECE Office

Established in statute, 2000Established in statute, 2000

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

DelawareDelaware Early Care and Education CouncilEarly Care and Education Council

12 private sector members appointed by the IRMC 12 private sector members appointed by the IRMC includes providers, parents, business, community, schools, includes providers, parents, business, community, schools,

Head StartHead Start

May establish subcommitteesMay establish subcommittees Advises the IRMC concerning ECE services in the Advises the IRMC concerning ECE services in the

state; reports annually on status of its workstate; reports annually on status of its work Staffed by DECEO, with support from IRMC agenciesStaffed by DECEO, with support from IRMC agencies Funded by the Department of EducationFunded by the Department of Education

Established by executive order, 2002Established by executive order, 2002

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

Pros & ConsPros & Cons

Review & clarify pros & cons from 9/8 meetingReview & clarify pros & cons from 9/8 meeting

Additions/Revisions?Additions/Revisions?

Most compelling pros & cons?Most compelling pros & cons?

Remaining questions/issues?Remaining questions/issues?

Additional information needed?Additional information needed?

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

Pros & ConsPros & Cons ProsPros

Utilizes infrastructure capabilities of separate Utilizes infrastructure capabilities of separate

departmentsdepartments

Builds on the potential of existing systemBuilds on the potential of existing system

Adds leverage for different departmentsAdds leverage for different departments

Built on current systemBuilt on current system

Could link to current councilsCould link to current councils

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Mandatory Mandatory Coordination/Collaboration: Coordination/Collaboration:

Pros & ConsPros & Cons ConsCons

Cannot administer programsCannot administer programs

Reduction of resources forces departments to pull Reduction of resources forces departments to pull back to core mission back to core mission

If entity does not have staff, authorityIf entity does not have staff, authority

May be too wimpyMay be too wimpy

Doesn’t answer the question of where early education Doesn’t answer the question of where early education is situated in state governmentis situated in state government

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Joint management by two Joint management by two departmentsdepartments

Two agencies jointly fund and manage early Two agencies jointly fund and manage early care and education programs, e.g. departments care and education programs, e.g. departments of Human Services and Educationof Human Services and Education

VariantsVariants One agency may have a greater roleOne agency may have a greater role Coordination with other agenciesCoordination with other agencies Coordination with private sectorCoordination with private sector May have linkages to local governance entitiesMay have linkages to local governance entities

State examples: Arkansas; Connecticut State examples: Arkansas; Connecticut

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Joint management by two Joint management by two departments: Arkansasdepartments: Arkansas

Department of Education Department of Education Funds and set standards for state’s pre-k program Funds and set standards for state’s pre-k program

(Arkansas Better Chance)(Arkansas Better Chance)

Division of Child Care and Early Childhood Division of Child Care and Early Childhood Education, Department of Human Services* Education, Department of Human Services* Responsible for diverse set of ECE servicesResponsible for diverse set of ECE services Administers pre-k program Administers pre-k program

*Created in 1997 to enhance ECE coordination within state*Created in 1997 to enhance ECE coordination within state

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Joint management by two Joint management by two departments: Arkansasdepartments: Arkansas

Division of Child Care and Early Childhood EducationDivision of Child Care and Early Childhood Education Child care licensingChild care licensing Family support – child care assistanceFamily support – child care assistance Nutrition – USDA food programsNutrition – USDA food programs Training; CDA scholarships Training; CDA scholarships Technical assistance; grants/loans; resource center for Technical assistance; grants/loans; resource center for

programsprograms Accreditation/approval systemAccreditation/approval system Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems InitiativeEarly Childhood Comprehensive Systems Initiative Early Childhood Commission Early Childhood Commission

Approves licensing standards; advises DivisionApproves licensing standards; advises Division Child care resource and referral for familiesChild care resource and referral for families And more!And more!

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Consolidation of ECE Consolidation of ECE programs/services programs/services

in one existing departmentin one existing department

Effort to improve collaboration across programsEffort to improve collaboration across programs

VariantsVariants May create an Office of Early Childhood within an May create an Office of Early Childhood within an

existing departmentexisting department

Coordination with other agenciesCoordination with other agencies

Coordination with private sectorCoordination with private sector

May have linkages to local governance entitiesMay have linkages to local governance entities

State examples: Florida; Maryland; TennesseeState examples: Florida; Maryland; Tennessee

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Consolidation of ECE Consolidation of ECE programs/services programs/services

in one existing departmentin one existing department MarylandMaryland

Created Early Childhood Development Division in Created Early Childhood Development Division in Dept of EducationDept of Education

Legislature sought unified focus on development & Legislature sought unified focus on development & education, birth to completion of high schooleducation, birth to completion of high school

FloridaFlorida Created Office of Early Learning in Agency for Created Office of Early Learning in Agency for

Workforce InnovationWorkforce Innovation Legislature sought focus on private sector Legislature sought focus on private sector

involvement in a 0-5 coordinated system separate involvement in a 0-5 coordinated system separate from system of free public educationfrom system of free public education

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Independent governmental entity Independent governmental entity dedicated to ECEdedicated to ECE

1.1. Establish independent office under Governor Establish independent office under Governor

….….OR…OR…

2.2. Consolidate all early care and education Consolidate all early care and education programs in a new, independent department programs in a new, independent department

Establish a governance board for oversightEstablish a governance board for oversight

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Independent governmental entity Independent governmental entity dedicated to ECEdedicated to ECE

VariantsVariants Advisory board to include additional expertiseAdvisory board to include additional expertise

Coordination with other agencies to link with Coordination with other agencies to link with comprehensive servicescomprehensive services

Coordination with private sectorCoordination with private sector

May have linkages to local governance entitiesMay have linkages to local governance entities

State examples: Georgia; Massachusetts; North CarolinaState examples: Georgia; Massachusetts; North Carolina

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Independent governmental entity Independent governmental entity dedicated to ECE: North Carolinadedicated to ECE: North Carolina

Office of School Readiness, Office of School Readiness, Office of the GovernorOffice of the Governor

State-level interagency public/private group sought an State-level interagency public/private group sought an independent office that would not be subsumed by a independent office that would not be subsumed by a departmentdepartment

Year-long governance planningYear-long governance planning Decision for an office vs. new agency Decision for an office vs. new agency

OSR in governor’s office is first step toward goalOSR in governor’s office is first step toward goal Next step – move it under the BOE, not DOENext step – move it under the BOE, not DOE

Smart Start is key partner – retains private statusSmart Start is key partner – retains private status Community connections are a strengthCommunity connections are a strength ““Keeps government in check”Keeps government in check”

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Quasi-governmental or Quasi-governmental or public/private entitypublic/private entity

Examples:Examples:

Public Authority with private sector board membersPublic Authority with private sector board members Hawaii Tourism AuthorityHawaii Tourism Authority

Hawaii Health Systems CorporationHawaii Health Systems Corporation Nonprofit public-private organizationNonprofit public-private organization

Nonprofit corporation named in statute with appointed Nonprofit corporation named in statute with appointed board members from public & private sectors board members from public & private sectors North Carolina Partnership for ChildrenNorth Carolina Partnership for Children

State office with public-private board of trusteesState office with public-private board of trustees South Carolina First Steps to School ReadinessSouth Carolina First Steps to School Readiness

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Quasi-governmental/public-private Quasi-governmental/public-private entity: entity:

Hawaii Tourism AuthorityHawaii Tourism Authority

Cabinet–level agencyCabinet–level agency Reports directly to Governor; Attached to DBEDT for Reports directly to Governor; Attached to DBEDT for

administrative purposesadministrative purposes

Policy-making board Policy-making board Private sector representatives from all industry sub-sectors, Private sector representatives from all industry sub-sectors,

business community, community-at-large business community, community-at-large Public sector representativesPublic sector representatives

County appointees County appointees Ex-officio: Directors of DBEDT, DLNR, TransportationEx-officio: Directors of DBEDT, DLNR, Transportation

Dedicated revenue source: hotel tax (TAT)Dedicated revenue source: hotel tax (TAT) Develops and implements policy & plans; administers Develops and implements policy & plans; administers

programs; coordinates with public & private sectorsprograms; coordinates with public & private sectors

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Quasi-governmental/public-private Quasi-governmental/public-private entity: Public-Private Corporationentity: Public-Private Corporation

NC Partnership for ChildrenNC Partnership for Children

State-level nonprofit corporation named & authorized in State-level nonprofit corporation named & authorized in statutestatute Public-private board appointed by governor, legislaturePublic-private board appointed by governor, legislature Must follow laws of public meetings & public records; subject to Must follow laws of public meetings & public records; subject to

annual state fiscal and performance auditsannual state fiscal and performance audits Receives state funds & state-allocated federal funds; raises private Receives state funds & state-allocated federal funds; raises private

funds to required match (15%)funds to required match (15%)

Implement Smart Start Initiative with local partnershipsImplement Smart Start Initiative with local partnerships Oversee and provide funds to county-level nonprofits (local Oversee and provide funds to county-level nonprofits (local

partnerships)partnerships)

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Quasi-governmental/public-private Quasi-governmental/public-private entity: State office w/public-private entity: State office w/public-private

BoardBoard

South Carolina First Steps to School ReadinessSouth Carolina First Steps to School Readiness

Board of Trustees includes Governor, Superintendent of Board of Trustees includes Governor, Superintendent of Education, legislators, department heads & 20 appointed Education, legislators, department heads & 20 appointed private-sector members & parentsprivate-sector members & parents

Office reports to Board, situated in Dept of EducationOffice reports to Board, situated in Dept of Education

Receives state funds, raises private fundsReceives state funds, raises private funds

Links with and provide funds to county-level nonprofit Links with and provide funds to county-level nonprofit partnerships to carry out initiativepartnerships to carry out initiative

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Nonprofit entity dedicated to ECENonprofit entity dedicated to ECE

Receive public funds to fulfill a public purpose Receive public funds to fulfill a public purpose

Examples:Examples: Los Angeles Universal PreschoolLos Angeles Universal Preschool

Draft 9/19/05Rev. 10/17/05

Which governance model is best Which governance model is best for Hawaii’s ECE System?for Hawaii’s ECE System?

What are the goals for the ECE system?What are the goals for the ECE system? What governance functions are needed to achieve the What governance functions are needed to achieve the

goals?goals?

What characteristics and capacities are needed to What characteristics and capacities are needed to govern the system effectively?govern the system effectively?

What is our current model? Are changes needed? What is our current model? Are changes needed? What are the pros & cons of the various models?What are the pros & cons of the various models? What are the most promising models?What are the most promising models? What are the remaining questions and issues?What are the remaining questions and issues? Next steps to develop ECE governance structure for HI?Next steps to develop ECE governance structure for HI?