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Technology FocusA New Technology Demonstration Publication

DOE/EE-0315

Leading by example,saving energy andtaxpayer dollarsin federal facilities

Hybrid Solar Lighting IlluminatesEnergy Savings for Government FacilitiesNew technology provides high-quality lighting for facilities

and reduces waste heat to lower energy loads

Overview

Artificial lighting accounts for the largest component of electricity us

commercial

U.S. buildings. Hybrid solar lighting provides an exciting new means reducingenergy consumption while also delivering significant benefits associanaturallighting in commercial buildings. Hybrid solar lighting contributes to therequirements set by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 for renewable eneconsumptionby the federal government to be not less than 3% in FY 20072009, 5FY 20102012, and 7.5% in 2013 and thereafter.

Fig. 1. Tracking solar collector

Hybrid Solar Lighting Benefits

Improved lighting quality

Reduced energy usage

Reduced building cooling load

Reduced CO2 emissions Non-energy benefits to building owner/

The hybrid lighting technology was originally developed for fluoresce

lightingapplications but recently has been enhanced to work with incandescaccent-lightingsources, such as the parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) lamps comusedin retail spaces. Commercial building ownersspecifically retailerslow-efficiency PAR lamps because of their desirable optical properties animpacton sales. Yet the use of this inefficient lighting results in some retailespending

5570% of their energy budgets on lighting and lighting-related ener

Hybrid lighting has the potential to significantly reduce energy consu

whilealso maintaining or exceeding lighting quality requirements. Implemof thehybrid solar lighting technology across the United States would represignificantenergy savings to the country and would provide building managers near-term,energy-efficient, higher quality, economically viable alternative toincandescent lamps.

manager such as improved employee


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Artificial lighting accounts for almost a quarter of the energy consumed ibuildings and 1020% of energy consumed by industry. Solar lighting can sig

productivity and wellness and

increased sales

reduce artificial lighting requirements and energy costs in many comand industrial buildings and in institutional facilities such as schools, libraries, anhospitals.

Bringing you a prosperousfuture where energy isclean, abundant, reliable,and affordable

Future R&D is aimed at enhancing the performance and reliability of the techno

well asextending the application of the system to work with newly emerging solid-statesources.The hybrid solar lighting technology delivers the benefits of natural lighting withadvantagesof an electric lighting systemflexibility, convenience, reliability, and controlaovercomes theconstraints that marginalized the use of daylighting in the 20th century.

U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Efficiencyand Renewable Energy

Internet: www.eere.energy.gov/femp/

No portion of this publication may be altered in any form withprior written consent from the U.S. Department of Energy, EnEfficiency and Renewable Energy, and the authoring nationa


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the part of the spectrum that generatesmuch of the heat in conventional bulbs.Because the optical fibers lose light astheir length increases, it makes senseright now to use hybrid solar lighting intop-story or single-storyspaces. Thecurrent optima l optical fiber length is50 feet or less.

The hybrid solar lighting technology canseparate and use different portions ofsunlight for various applications. Thus,visible light can be used d irectly for

lighting applications while IR light can

ate heat for hot water or space heating.The optimal use of these wavelengthsis the focus of continued studies anddevelopment efforts.

Although clean and abundant, solarenergy is diffuse andmust be captured,concentrated, stored, and/or converted

Technology Focus

Fig. 2. Conceptual illustration of a hybrid solar lighting system.

Principles of Operation the systems solar collector removesthe

infrared (IR) light from thesunlight

The hybrid solar lighting system usesa roof-mounted solar collector(Fig. 1) to concentrate visible sunlightinto a bundle of plastic optical fibers.The optical fibers penetrate the roofand distribute the sunlight to multiplehybrid luminaires within the building(Fig. 2). The hybrid luminaires blendthe natural light with artificial light(of variable intensity) to maintain aconstant level of room lighting. Onecollector powers about eight fluorescenthybrid light fixtures, which canilluminate about 1000 square feet.

be used to produce electricity or

generWhen sunlight is plentiful, the fiber

optics in the luminaires provides allor most of the light needed in an area.During times of little or no sunlight, asensor controls the intensity of theartificial lamps to maintain a desiredillumination level. Unlike conventional ORNL Studieselectric lamps, the natural lightproduces little to no waste heat, havingan efficacy of 200 lumens/Watt (l/W),and is cool to the touch. This is because

.

2 FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

to be used in the highest-value eform. Under DOEs Office of EnergEfficiency and Renewable Energy

Solar Technologies Program, OakNational Laboratory (ORNL) hasdemonstrated the technical feasian entirely new, highly energy-efway of lighting and heating buildiusing the power of concentrated light. ORNL is currently developintechniques for transporting the senergy [visible light and radiantultraviolet (UV) and IR energy] inbuildings for use not only for intelighting (as shown in Fig. 2), but fnovel hybrid applications such as

hot water heating and space heatORNL is also conducting materialand engineering R&D to improve performance of the tracking mecand fiber optic materials used inthese systems.

The goal for future hybrid solar lisystems is that they be:

Multifunctionalcompatible wvarious electric lamps, light fixhot water heaters, photovolta

etc., and usable for variousapplications

Reconfigurableeasily modifispace needs change

Seamlessly integratedconneto standard power sources to that disruptions in service do occur on cloudy days or at nig

Architecturally compatibledesigned to eliminate architecdesign hassles and maintenanproblems limiting the use ofsolar power

Affordable


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Technology Focu

The new hybrid solar lighting strategy isthe logical pathway for achieving thesegoals because the technology uses small,flexible optical fibers to deliver thesunlight directly to where it is needed.Hybrid solar lighting is applicable tomany building types and can be usedfor a variety of lighting and heatingapplications. As a result, the potentialnear-term energy savings of hybrid solarlighting could be significant.

Advantages of HybridSolar Lighting

Electric lighting is the greatest

consumerof electricity in commercial buildings(Fig. 4), and the generation of thiselectricity by conventional powerplantsis the building sectors mostsignificantcause of air pollution. Hybrid lightingcan help conserve electricity inproportion to the amount of sunlightavailable.Hybrid solar lighting technology

couldbenefit federal buildings, particularlyin the Sunbelt where cooling is asignificant source of energy use.

Full-spectrum solar energy systemsprovide a new and realisticopportunityfor wide-ranging energy,environmental,and economic benefits. Becausehybridsolar lighting has no infraredcomponent,it can be considered a high-efficiencylight source. Other advantages ofhybridsolar lighting are:

Roof penetrations are small andminimal, reducing the potentialfor leaks.

IR and UV energy in sunlight is

separated from the visible light,

rather than being transmitted intobuildings. Heating, ventilation, andair-conditioning (HVAC) loads arethus reduced by 5 to 10%, compared


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In a solar lighting and power system, the roof-mounted concentrators

t and distribute it through the optical fibers (enlargement) to hybrid

s in the buildings interior.

Figure 4. Commercial energy end uses, from the 2005 Buildings Energy Data Book,

U.S. Department of Energy(http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/?id=view_book&c=1).

Lighting consumes almost a quarter of the electricity used in commercial buildings.

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 3


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Technology Focus

to buildings having

conventionalelectric lighting systems.

Hybrid solar lighting systems

arereadily adaptable tocommercialbuildings with multiple floors,relatively low ceiling heights,andinterior walls, though currentlyfiberoptic output is optimized on thetoptwo floors. A single system

candistribute enough sunlight toco-illuminate several rooms inatypical office building.

Large portions of valuable

plenumspacethe area between theroofand drop ceilingare notneeded,so there is little competition

withother building services, suchasHVAC ducts, sprinklersystems, andelectrical conduits.

Hybrid solar lighting can be

usedboth for direct ambientlighting (asin skylights) and for indirect

lighting, task lighting, andaccentlighting.

In retrofit applications, hybridsolar lighting is easilyincorporatedinto existing building designs,andthe optical fibers can bereroutedto different locations aslighting

needs change. By

intentionallymisaligning thesolar collectorfromthe sun,occupants can

even dim orcurtail distributedsunlight.

resistant, but also more expensivharder to work with. The glass-basystem costs about $40,000 to ill

nate 1000 square feet. Through tof plastic optical fibers and compoORNL has been able to cut the sycost significantly, moving closer ttarget of $3,000 for a system thailluminates 1000 square feet (seetimeline for cost reductions in thefollowing table). When that targetis reached, a building owner in Hacould pay for implementing the ntechnology in just 23 years with savings on electricity bills alone. other parts of the country, where

sunlight is less abundant and utilicosts are lower, this payback wouobviously take longer.

The payback period for hybrid sollighting lengthens in proportion toefficiency of the electric lamps uscombination with distributed sunlBecause linear fluorescent lamps efficient (65-90 lm/W), the modelsindicate that a hybrid configuratioused with such lamps will requirethan 10 years to pay for itself in m

regions of the country during the years of commercialization. As prfall, hybrid solar lighting has the ptial to become cost-competitive inindoor lighting scenarios.


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Cost element 2006 2007(product launch)

2012

System cost $20,000 $16,000 $3,000

Installation cost $4,000 $3,000 $1,000

brid configuration is likely tond the typical life of incandescentor halogen lamps. When incan

cent lamps are dimmed, filamentperatures decrease. As filamentperatures decrease, life expectancyeases. Although the lamps will laster, a penalty in efficiency occurs

ause cooler filaments are generally

efficient at radiating visible light.

ontrast to roof penetrations forghts, penetrations for hybrid solar

lighting are few and small,reducing thepotential for leaks.

As R&D improves system

performance,increases system lifetime, andreducessystem price, and as thesecondary benefits of the technology aredemonstrated

(e.g., improved employeeproductivity),hybrid solar lighting will move

into thelarger market of existing buildinguse all fluorescent lighting.

Projected Hybrid Solar

Lighting Savings

By the year 2012, hybrid solar ligshould be saving the nation more50 million kWh/year while also drically improving lighting quality incommercial buildings. Through

commercialization efforts with indtry partners, more than 5000 hyb

Cost ConsiderationsTimeline for price reductions in hybrid solar lighting

The concept of hybrid lighting hasexisted since the early 1970s, but it hasbeen difficult to make the technologypractical. Japanese researchers had earlierdeveloped solar collectors with glass

optical fibers which are more heat-

.



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Technology Focu

solar lighting systems will be

installedby 2012 in regions of the United

Stateswhere solar availability andelectricityrates make this technology cost-effective to consumers. A systemtailoredto commercial buildings withmixedfluorescent and incandescentlighting(commonly found in retailapplications) is likely to be the first

applicationof this technology that willsucceed inthe marketplace. For thisapplication,a system price of $4000(installed) hasbeen identified as necessary toproduceenergy savings of 50 millionkWh/yearby 2012.

Availability

The components of the hybrid

solar

lighting system arecommerciallyavailable. ORNL is partneringwithindustry suppliers of collectors,fiberoptic distribution systems, andluminaries (light fixtures) to

transfer thetechnology and make it cost-effective.ORNL maintains patents on thetechnology and anticipates thatthebundled package will becommerciallyavailable in 2007.

Potential Candidates for Hybrid

Solar Lighting

The first commercial use for hybrid

solarlighting will probably be on the uppertwo floors of buildings having thefollowing characteristics:

(1) Sunbelt location in areas where

daytime electricity prices are highest;

(2) occupied every day, includingweekends; and

(3) lighting quality (or color rendering)is important and less-efficientelectric lamps are currently used.


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Type of Lighting Typical energy efficiency

(approx. lm/W)

Incandescent 15

Fluorescent 75

Hybrid Solar 200

d solar lighting technology could replace less efficientntional electric lamps.

rid solar lighting is being targeted

or that meets the tolerances andfor commercial buildings becauseirements of a hybrid solar lightingese buildings lighting can accountr collector. A 48-in.-diameter parahe largest part of the electricity boliclic mirror is being fabricatedResidential uses may be farther bynett Mirrors of New Zealand.

n the road because the cost advany efforts appear promising, with thes there are not as great. However,

ace quality of the mirror rivaling thatral sites would benefit from using oflass counterpart. The estimatedrid solar lighting technology becauseof the new mirror is less than $300eased use of conventional electric (aspared to $3500 for a glassps and the air-conditioning loadsor) and weighs only 9 poundsciated with them would result in (as

pared to 50 pounds for a glassrgy savings. mirror).

Completion of a prototypemirror and manufacture of five m

Additional benefits would include was successful in FY 2006.improved lighting quality and positiveenvironmental impacts from reducing The HSL system houses a strackingthe need to generate electricity. New control board that is used calculateconstruction projects create outstand the suns position based oing opportunities for holistic building longitude and time of day (FThedesigns that utilize highly efficient control board uses a microp

tosystems that can create satisfying compute the astronomical eworking and living environments with obtained by the U.S. Naval minimized operating costs. Successfully tory, which are good to 1thebalancing these factors against cost and next 300 years. This preallows thescheduling issues is the key to creating a system to track at 0.1 Thewell designed and efficiently operating calculations determine thepositionsbuilding. in the Azimuth and Zenith Earth-

Based coordinate system using la

New Developments in Hybrid longitude, and Coordinated UniversalSolar Lighting Technology Time from a global positioning system

receiver. The positions are then cIn FY 2005, a fabrication technique was to units of encoder counts twoidentified for manufacturing an acrylic encoders used to detect thlocation of



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Technology Focus

combination with a gear-train

drive toreduce cost while still providing

hightracking accuracy. The analysisindicatedthat the tracker cost could bereducedfrom $25,000 to less than$4000. In2007, the tracker cost isprojected to bereduced to $5250. Detailedmodelingand final drawings have beencompleted,

and fabrication of ten newHLS3000solar tracking units wascompleted inFY 2006.

mity during transitions between nand electric illuminants must bedeveloped for several lighting ap

tions. Ultimately, the advent of hysolar and solid-state lighting systthat use light-emitting diodes (LEcapable of chromatically adaptingto match the spectrum of sunlighthroughout the day is expected. Aprototype hybrid LED/hybrid-solalighting system is shown in Fig. 6

Fig. 5.

Aging of the polymers used in

opticalfibers to distribute concentratedsunlight is still a concern, as isthe needfor more efficient methods ofcoupling

converging sunlight into fiberopticbundles. New luminaires thatprovideseamless spatial and chromaticunifor

Prototypes are already proving thhybrid solar lighting concept is viboth technically and economicallyThe latest prototype provides lighpractitioners with unprecedentedflexibility and control over where how sunlight is used inside buildi

Controls enable the solar collector to trackthe sun to an accuracy of one-tenth degree.

the collector on each axis. The controller compares the actual directionit is pointing to the actual computedposition of the sun and then determinesif the collector needs to be moved tomatch its position with that of the sun.The motors then move at a speed proportional to the difference in the actualand computed positions. This process isperformed continuously throughout theday in order to track the sun accurately.The control board operates on a 12Vor 24V dc supply and uses less than2 Watts. A photovoltaic solar cell canalso be used to power the board.


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The development of a redesigned andless expensive tracking mechanism forthe solar collector was also begun inFY 2005. Among suggested designmodifications from an initialmanufacturability analysis was the useof a high-precision linear actuator in

Fig. 6. LEDs now being developed will adapt to the spectrum of sunlight

throughout the day.



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Industry, Utility, andState Partners

Academic & NationalLaboratory Partners

3M Los Alamos National Laboratory

Advance Transformer Company National Renewable EnergyLaboratory

Advanced Lighting Systems, Inc. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Array Technologies Ohio University

California Energy Commission Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Enhancement Electronics, Inc. Sandia National

Laboratories

JX Crystals, Inc. University of Nevada - Reno

LSI Industries, Inc. University of Wisconsin - Madison

Protomet University of Arizona - Tucson

ROC Glassworks

Science Applications Intl Corp. Partnering Sponsors

Sacramento MunicipalUtility District

U.S. DOE(EERE and Fossil Energy)

Sunlight Direct, Inc. California Energy Commission

The Watt Stopper Tennessee Valley Authority

Tennessee Valley Authority

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

Technology Focu

This prototype uses a bundle of 127small optical fibers, each of which candistribute 350 lumens to several different hybrid luminaires on a sunny day,making possible numerous daylightingapplications. For example, some hybridluminaires being developed allow hybridsolar lighting to be used with linearand compact florescent lamps and withincandescent/halogen lamps.

Field Trials:The Sunlight Inside Initiative

During a 2006-2007 field trial program

at ORNL entitled the Sunlight InsideInitiative, Sunlight Direct, Inc.(www.sunlight-direct.com), workingin collaboration with ORNL, ispurchasing and installing hybridlighting system components for eachparticipating host-site. The componentsuppliers are ready to mass-produceHSL components for Sunlight Direct.The goals of the field trial project arethe following:

The Hybrid Lighting Partnership

1. Demonstrate the technical feasibilityand energy-savings potential of hybrid

solar lighting in the commerciallighting market

2. Expose emerging hybrid solar lightingtechnology to users and stakeholdersacross the country

3. Acquire needed experience andfield data on hybrid solar lightingequipment and associated installation,operation, and maintenance issuesand requirements

4. Create an initial demand for hybridsolar lighting technology by installing100 or more units in 2008

5. Provide an initial incentive fororiginal equipment manufacturers of



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Technology Focus

hybrid solar lighting to begin

investingin automation of component-

levelmanufacturing with the goals ofreducing costs and improvingmarket viability.

Sunlight Direct is installing

systems at$24,000 per system for ORNLsfieldtrial program, based onindividualinterest. Built into this cost is aone-year

service agreement that coversanymaintenance needed on thesystem.Following the field trial, hostsiteswill be offered an extendedserviceagreement. All installationsshould becomplete by March 2007. ORNLwillanalyze all data collected from

the fieldtrial program and publish theresults.

The host sites include the new

researchfacilities on the ORNL campus,theAmerican Museum of ScienceandEnergy (AMSE) in Oak Ridge, theSacramento Municipal Utility

Districtin Sacramento, California, and aWal-Mart store in McKinney,Texas.The experience gained fromthese sitesand other field trials will be usedtoevaluate and improve thetechnology.

The field trials will establish the

hybrid

solar lighting technology as a

meansof saving energy byreducing electricalloads for lighting andby decreasing theamount of heat

generated bylighting,thereby decreasingair conditioningcosts. This isparticularlyimportant inregions wherefacilities face highpeakdemand charges onhot summer days.Also, the daylighting

character of hybridsolar lighting cangreatly improve

lighting quality by providing full-spectrum, high-color, low-temperlighting. Studies have shown that

daylighting can increase productiboth the workplace and the class

Hybrid Lighting Partnership

A broad-based publicprivate alliaworking to commercialize hybrid lighting. The Hybrid Lighting Partship includes the organizations listhe following table. The partnershmission is to develop and deploy solar lighting worldwide early in t21st century. By 2020 in the Unit

States, hybrid solar lighting is expto provide:

annual energy savings of mor30 billion KWh (> 0.3 Quads),

reductions in carbon emissionexceeding 5 megatonnes of caper year, and

total economic benefits excee$5 billion.

The partnership will improve quaof life by providing more efficientaffordable solar energy, cleaner alower utility bills during peak demperiods, and a healthier, moreproductive work environment.

Future of Hybrid Solar Lighting

Electricity use for artificial lightincommercial building space costs owners nearly $17 billion a year


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sonal communication, Energyrmation Administration). Despitehigh energy consumption and costectric lighting, natural lighting conventional options such asghts and windows illuminates onlyy fraction of existing commercial

dings. This limited use of naturaling is a result of the architectural

ations of skylights and windowsthe uncontrollable nature of theght itself (i.e., it fluctuates in

intensity, and it can be highlydirectional, producing glare andunwanted heating).

The future is bright for hybrid

solarlighting. The nationwide fieldtrialprogram will provide systemperformance data and user feedbackessential

for successful use of this solarenergy

technology. During the field trialprogram R&D will continue at ORin collaboration with industry anduniversity partners to lower compcosts, improve the longevity of opfibers, and advance system contrNew solid-state (LED) hybridluminaires are also being researcfor increased energy efficiency. Enew areas of R&D for ORNL and iindustry and university partnersinclude utilizing hybrid solar light

technology for space heating, waheating, and hydrogen production

.



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Technology Focu

References

Earl, D, and J. D. Muhs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Preliminary Results on Luminaire Designs fo

Solar Lighting Systems, paper presented at Forum 2001: Solar Energy: The Power to Choose, April 2001,

Washington, D.C. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.

Earl, D. D., and L. C. Maxey, Alignment of an Inexpensive Paraboloidal Concentrator for Hybrid Sola

Lighting

Applications, SPIE 48th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, Political Science and Technology. SPIE, BellWA. 2003.

Earl, D. D., and R. R. Thomas, Performance of New Hybrid Solar Lighting Luminaire Design, Procee

the

2003 International Solar Energy Conference, Kohala Coast, HI, ASME, JSME, and JSES. ASME InternatNew York, NY. 2003.

Edwards, L., and P. Torcellini, A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupa

NREL/TP-550-30769. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. July 2002.Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/ sl_related_links.html.

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc., Daylighting and Productivity,

http://www.h-m-g.com/ projects/daylighting/projects-PIER.htm.

Maxey, L. C., D. D. Earl, and J. D. Muhs, Luminaire Development for Hybrid Solar Lighting Applicatio

SPIE Proceedings Series, San Diego, CA, International Society for Optical Energy. SPIE, Bellingham, W

Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-S

Solar

Energy Systems, paper presented at SOLAR2000 Conference, American Solar Energy Society, June2000,Madison, WS. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.

Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-S

Solar

Energy Systems, paper presented at SOLAR2000 Conference, American Solar Energy Society, June2000,Madison, WS. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.

Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Hybrid Solar Lighting Doubles the Efficiency and Afford

Solar Energy in Commercial Buildings, CADDET Energy Efficiency Newsletter, No. 4 (2000), pp. 69Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/ solar/sl_related_links.html.

Schlegel, G.O., F. W. Burkholder, S. A. Klein, W. A. Beckman, B. D. Woods, and

J. D. Muhs, Analysis of a Full-Spectrum Hybrid Lighting System, Solar Energy,Volume 76, Issue 4. April 2004.

Ashdown, B.G., D. J. Bjornstad, G. Boudreau, M. V. Lapsa, B. Shumpert, and F. Southworth, Assessing

Consumer

Values and Supply-Chain Relationships for Solid State Lighting Technologies, ORNL/TM-2004/80. OaNationalLaboratory. June 2004.

National Mental Health Association, Seasonal Affective Disorderhttp://www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/27.cfm.
http://www.h-m-g.com/http://www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/27.cfmhttp://www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/27.cfmhttp://www.h-m-g.com/


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A Strong Energy Portfolio

for a Strong America

Log on to FEMPs Web site for informationabout New Technology Demonstrations

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/

You will find links to

A New Technology Demonstration Overview

Information on technology demonstrations

Downloadable versions of publications in Adobe Portable

Document Format (pdf )

A list of new technology projects under way

Electronic access to a regular mailing list for new products

when they become available

How Federal agencies may submit requests to us to assess

new and emerging technologies

DISCLAIMERThis report was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy,Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program.Neither the United States Government nor any agency or contractor thereof, norany of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes anylegal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness ofany information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that itsuse would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to anyspecific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,

manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its

Energy efficiency and clean, renewable

energy will mean a stronger economy,

cleaner environment, and greater

energy independence for America.

Working with a wide array of state,

community, industry, and university

partners, the U.S. Department of

Energys Office of Energy Efficiency

and Renewable Energy invests in a

diverse portfolio of energy technologies.

For More Information

EERE Information Center

1-877-EERE-INF1-877-337-3464www.eere.energy.gov/femp

General Contacts

Will Lintner

Team Lead, RSTTFederal EnergyManagement ProgramU.S. Department of Energy1000 Independence Ave, SWEE-92Washington, DC 20585Phone: (202) 586-3120Fax: (202) [email protected]

Technical Contact

Melissa Voss Lapsa, ManagerSolar Technologies ProgramOak Ridge National LaboratoryP.O. Box 2008, Building 5800Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6054

Phone: 865-576-8620Fax: [email protected]/solar

DOE/EE-0315April 2007

-

endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or anyagency or contractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressedherein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government orany agency or contractor thereof.

U.S. Department of Energy
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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