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SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Gov 1255: Politics of IndiaProf Prerna SinghSOCIAL MOVEMENTS Part ISocial MovementsEnvironmental Movements
Womens Movements
Sexual Minority Politics (Guest lecture by Prof Chaitanya Lakkimsetti)Environmental MovementsForest Resources
Water ResourcesConflict over Forest ResourcesChipko (Hug the Trees) Movement in the Central Himalayas in 19734Chipko Movement
Conflict over ForestsChipko (Hug the Trees) MovementRepresentative of wide spectrum of forest-based conflictsTraced to establishment of the Indian forest department in 1864. This was a watershed:PoliticalSocialEcological
6Conflict over ForestsIntensified in post-Independence years because of new ecological dimension dwindling forests
Popular movements focus on 2 issues:Return of control of forests to community. State must withdraw.
Contrast between the subsistence orientation of villagers and the commercial orientation of the state.
Conflict over WaterBig Dams
Nehrus temples of modern India
Three Critiques of Big Dams: Economic critique: States invariably overvalue benefits & undervalue costsEcological critique: High incidence of water logging & wholesale submergence of large tropical forests and precious wildlife & fishlifeSocial critique: Displacement of millions of poor villagers from their ancestral homelands without adequate consultation or compensation
Narmada River Projects
Narmada Bachao Andolan/Save the Narmada CampaignLeader of the Narmada Bachao Andolan: Medha Patkar
Critiques of the Narmada Dams by the NBA that the project has been conceived without adequate participation from the people who are going to be affected; that many dams are not viable solutions to many of the problems (power, drinking water, flood control, irrigation) they set out to solve, and that there needs to be a greater emphasis on the search for alternative solutions from all concerned (Government, NGOs, people); that the construction and planning of many dams has disrupted (and will potentially disrupt) the lives of millions of people without just and adequate compensation
Expected benefits of the Sardar Sarovar DamJudgement of the Supreme Court of India in 2000:
"The argument in favour of the Sardar Sarovar Project is that the benefits are so large that they substantially outweigh the costs of the immediate human and environmental disruption.
there appears to be no alternative to escalating human deprivation, particularly in the dry areas of Gujarat.
The project has the potential to feed as many as 20 million people, provide domestic and industrial water for about 30 million, employ about 1 million, and provide valuable peak electric power.
Set against the futures of about 70,000 project affected peoplethe ratio of beneficiaries to affected persons is well over 100:1.Environmental MovementsForest- Chipko MovementWater - Narmada Bachao AndolanGandhian Social MovementsDemonstrations & Satyagrahs
Peaceful Response to Police Repression
Fasts
Jal Samadhi/ Water Burial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7J_B3MFQ2Q
Environmental Movements Raise issues for:Distributive justice Economic sufficiency Environmental Sustainability Gov 1255: Politics of IndiaProf Prerna SinghSOCIAL MOVEMENTSWomens MovementsNo single movementOn diverse issues
Traditional focus: Womens educationWidow remarriageNew focusAlcoholismPhysical Abuse by HusbandsInflation Environment (Chipko)Dalit issues
Womens MovementsEarly Womens Movements:Movement against Dowry
Movement against Dowry
Womens MovementsEarly Womens Movements:Campaign against DowryCampaign against Rape
Womens MovementsEarly Womens Movements:Campaign against DowryCampaign against Rape
Features of Early Womens Movements:Popular support Legislative successes
Womens MovementsLater Womens Movements:Critiques from sections of traditionalist societySuccess of early womens movementsRise of religious fundamentalismPro-sati movementsReal woman vs. Feminists