Gouda City Extension Used for Urban Regeneration

8/10/2019 Gouda City Extension Used for Urban Regeneration

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Implementing the program of the planned extension Westergouwe to

contribute to the urban regeneration of different neighbourhoods in Gouda

| | Urban Regeneration ir. S.M. Glas - 13 27 909

city extension used for urban regeneration.


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| | Urban Regeneration

Implementing the program of the planned extension Westergouwe to

contribute to the urban regeneration of different neighbourhoods in Gouda

ir. S.M. Glas - 13 27 909

|

city extension used for urban regeneration.


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1. Preface

2. Motivation

3. Introduction

4. Problem Statement4.1 Oosterwei and Westergouwe4.2 Problem Statement4.3 Hypothesis

5. Position and Aim5.1 Research position5.2 Aim of this research

6. Research questions

7. Methods anwering research questions

8. Relevance of research

9. Post-war neighbourhoods in the Netherlands9.1 Rise of post-war neighbourhoods9.2 Criticism and new principles9.3 Immigrants in the Netherlands9.4 Urban Renewal9.5 Privatisation9.6 Current situation and policies9.7 Conclusion and recommendation

10. Concentration or mix?10.1 Introduction10.2 Ethnic concentrations and related problems within the Netherlands10.3 What are the effects of spatial mix?10.4 What are the effects of remaining the spatial concentration?10.5 What is het best strategy towards ethnic minorities in the Netherlands?

Table of Contents

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10.6 Conclusion and recommendation

11. Physical intepretation of the economy of Gouda

11.1 Infrastructure and economy11.2 Current economy11.3 Vacant offi ces11.4 The Green Heart11.5 The rise of teleworking11.6 Conclusion and recommendations

12. Dwelling stock of Gouda

12.1 Historical review of housing development12.2 Current division of housing stock12.3 Densities12.4 Demands and current housing market12.5 Conclusion and recommendation

13. Westergouwe13.1 Answer towards the current demands

13.2 The location13.3 Soil of Westergouwe13.4 Planned program13.5 Conclusion and recommendations

14. Living environment of Gouda14.1 Liveability of Gouda as a whole14.2 Liveability of the neighbourhoods in Gouda14.3 Facilities14.4 Conclusion and recommendations

15. Implementing new program15.1 Effects of Westergouwe15.2 Current problems in Gouda15.3 Mixed housing market15.4 Economical position of Gouda15.5 Reason for implementation of program

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15.6 Strategies to implement new program15.7 Conclusion and recommendations

16. Gouda-Oost16.1 Situation1.62 Inuence crossing borders16.3 Plan One Architecture16.4 Conclusion and recommendations

17. Spatial Plan for Oosterwei17.1 Connection to city network.

17.2 Increasing support for commercial functions, respond to urban plans and demands.17.3 Restructuring and bridging internal borders and opening up the introvert neighbourhood.17.4 Using the geographical and cultural qualities.17.5 Designing the centre-axis meeting both the local as city network.17.6 Linking education facilities in the neighbourhood.17.7 Adding a new and diverse dwelling stock.17.8 Maintenance of post-war urbanism and transforming/dealing with it.17.9 Opening up the closed plinths and increasing the possibilities of social control.

17.10 Solving parking within the neighbourhood.17.11 Tranformation of the stamps in Oosterwei, Gouda-Oost17.12 Numbers of the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost17.13 Sections17.14 Artist impressions

18. References

19. Conclusion and Recommendation

20. Bibliography

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wij bouwen een stad

huizen

met opengaande ramenmet uitzicht op straat

wij bouwen een stad

mensen

bewegen alleen en samen

weg van en naar elkaar

wij bouwen een stad

verbandendie levend zijn en schokbestendig

met draagkracht

Aart Both, January 2005Poet of Gouda

|poem1.1. Skyline of Gouda (Mul, 2009)

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preface | 009

This report in front of you is the result of my gradu-ation project at the Urban Regeneration Lab ofArchitecture at the University of Technology in Delft.

During my gradutation research is done towardsthe possibilities of using a planned city extension tocontribute to internal city projects by implement-ing the proposed program within the existing urbanstructure. Besides that, I investigated also the effectsof this strategy on socio-economic and physical is-sues on different scales.

Thanks to the support of both my mentors ir. JohnWestrik (J.A) and dr. ir. Paul Stouten (P.L.M.) andsociologist dr. Edward Hulsbergen (E.D) I was ableto establish this report. Besides that I also want tothank my family and friends, especially Jaco Slinger-land (J.D.), for their corporation and patience duringmy graduation period.

ir. Stefan Glas (S.M.)Delft, 28 June 2011

1. Preface


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2.1. National attention for problems in Gouda by national media. (Telegraaf, 2008)



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Problem neighbourhood: a subject that gains lot ofattention in contemporary society. The neighbour-hood has problems on socio-economic, physical

and environmental levels. Many interventions didnthave the intended result and the post-war neigh-bourhoods remained problematic. New researchon economic, social and physical level should resultinto new combined perspectives, restoring socialcoherence in these neighbourhoods. The fact thatI lived in a neighbourhood which is claimed to beproblematic by the municipality of Gouda as well by

the media, made me choose to do research on thehistory, current status and future perspectives of theneighbourhood called Oosterwei in Gouda.

2. Motivation

motivation | 011


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3.1. View on the market square of Gouda with cultural buildings and cheese market. (Juan Rubiano, 2009)



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Oosterwei, is part of the district called Gouda Easta district which was never designed as a whole, butwas developed in zones. (Drewe, Klein and Huls-

bergen, 2008 : 138) The neighbourhood Oosterweiconsist for 90% out of ve storey-apartment build-ings alternated by family housing blocks. The openset-up in post-war urbanism resulted in lots of greenand open (unused) space. Centrally a commercialnode is created, containing stores, religious build-ings, a school and a neighbourhood centre. Dueto contemporary problems in Oosterwei, the mu-

nicipality wants to regenerate the neighbourhood,according to the plan of One Architecture.

Oosterwei is a post-war neighbourhood located inthe east of Gouda, a middle-sized city located in theGreen Heart, the centre of the Randstad. Due to its

strategic location along the rivers the HollandseIJssel en the Gouwe, Gouda grew to an importantcity, exporting products like pottery, cheese andcandles. Besides being a cultural city (image 3.1),Gouda became also an important city within theinfrastructural networks, being a transport nodebetween all big cities in the Randstad (Abels, 2002).

The future perspective of the municipality of Gouda

is to increase the development of being a servingcentre within the delta metropool. (Witpaard enPartners, 2008) Gouda is a central node for many cit-ies within the Green Heart, being a commercial andeconomical centre. Healthcare institutions (26%),Retail (10%), Industries (10%), education (9%) andservices (8%) have become the economical strengthof Gouda. (CBS, 2007) The current strategy of Gouda

is to strengthen this economical centre even more,by creating more jobs and dwellings for the inhab-itants of Gouda as well for other citizens nearby(Gemeente Gouda, 2005).

Because of the increasing population in the begin-ning of the 20th century, Gouda had to expand onnon-load-bearing soil ground. This resulted in high

maintenance costs, making Gouda almost bankrupt.It became an article 12 status municipality (VNG,1968), for almost 40 years, obtaining additionalmoney from the government in exchange for astrict nancial monitoring. After this period, whereinGouda did grow slowly, the city is ready for a newextension in the south-west of Gouda. With this ex-tension, called Westergouwe, Gouda wants to obtain

almost 100.000 inhabitants.

3. Introduction

introduction | 013


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4.1. Neighbourhoods of Gouda (Glas, 2011)

Plaswijck

City centre

Kort

Haarlem

Nieuwe Park

Bloemendaal

Gouda

Noord

Achterwillens

GoudaOost

Goverwelle

Westergouwe Korte

Akkeren

Stolwijkersluis



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Research questions: How can the program of the planned extensionWestergouwe contribute to ght the current socio-

economic and physical problems in the existing builtenvironment of Gouda?

Sub-research questions: What are the current socio-economic and physicalproblems and strengths in Gouda-Oost? How can physical intervening in Gouda-Oostincrease the neighbourhood physically and create

possibilities to improve the neighbourhood as wellas Gouda as a whole on a social and economic level? What program of Westergouwe needs to be addedto contribute the improvement of the neighbour-hood?

Because of the size of this research the focus towardsthe city of Gouda as a whole is specically focused

on the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost whereof a moredetailed plan is developed, dealing with both local

and regional aspects. This plan will demonstrate thestrategy of adding the program of Westergouwe within

the existing structure of Gouda to ght socio-economicand physical problems.

6. Research Questions

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situation of the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost and theprogram of Westergouwe that needs and can to beadded within the existing urban fabric, vision and

design for the Gouda-Oost Mapping and statistics to prove that the residualprogram of Westergouwe can t within and contrib-ute to regenerate the different neighbourhoods ofGouda. (Open areas, Offi ce areas, densication inresidential areas)



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Academic relevanceThis research is focused on the way how the integra-tion of the program of a planned city extension can

contribute to urban regeneration projects dealingwith the existing problems within the existing urbanfabric of the city. Using governance and spatialintervening a strategy can be developed towardsthe integration of a new needed program within theexisting urban fabric of cities. Especially towards theregeneration of many pre- and postwar neighbour-hoods, this strategy can contribute to the renewal of

these neighbourhoods.

Social relevanceBy integrating the program of new city-extensionswithin the existing city fabric, existing physicalproblems can be addressed, thereby using thedemanded program. Creating good connections,a demanded disperse of functions and mixture of

housing types will result into one city being a strongand balanced unity and a decrease of stigmatization,segregation and avoidance of areas. Creating thedemanded physical conditions will positively affectthe socio-economic position of the city.

8. Relevance of Research

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9.1. Time line of Urban Development in the Netherlands, 1900 - present (KEI, 2010)



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9.2. Time line Post-war neighbourhoods, 1945 - present (Tellinga, 2004)

9.3. Plan showing the stempels (stamps) of the post-war neighbourhoodKanaleneiland in Utrecht. (KEI, 2010)



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9.4. Development in millions of dwelling stock per sector in the Netherlands, 1950-2030 (Bouwhulpgroep, 2010)

9.5. Division in percentage of dwelling stock per sectors in the Netherlands, 1950-2030 (Bouwhulpgroep, 2010)

9.6. Trespa used in urban renewal of pre-war neighbourhood Afrikaanderwijk, Rotterdam (RobbertBarruck, 2007)9.7. Development of dwellingstock and household size, 1960-2010 (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 2009)



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9.8. List and locations of the 40 focus areas set by Vogelaar in 2007(NRC, 2007)50 percent of all the listed neighbourhoods are located in the four largest cities of the Netherlands.



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9.9. One of the 40 listed neighbourhoods, Kanaleneiland, Utrecht (FaceMePls, 2007)9.10. Minister Vogelaar visiting Kanaleneiland in 2008 (Marusja Lestrade, 2008)



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10.1. Non-Western guest workers in Western Europe. (Lieve Colruyt, nd.)Guest workers from non-Western countries who were attracted cause of the lack of manpower



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10.2. Division of centain concentrations of ethnic groups in the Netherlands in 1994 and 1998 (Uunk, 2002)

10.3. Average education level of ethnic groups within the Netherlands in 1994 and 1998 (Uunk, 2002)10.4. Unemployment among ethnic groups within the Netherlands in 1994 and 1998 (Uunk, 2002)



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1

2

3

11.1. Business locations and industries in Gouda. (Glas, 2010)

1. Goudse Poort along the A12, 2. Spoorzone along the railroad, 3. City center of Gouda.



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11.2. Development of businesses in Gouda 2000 - 2009 (Bedrijvenregister Zuid-Holland, 2010)

11.3. Development of employment in Gouda 2000 - 2009 (Bedrijvenregister Zuid-Holland, 2010)

11.4. Estimate vacancy by Location Type of Business Areas (Geuting and Ploem, 2008)

Different offi ce locations in the area Midden-Holland related to vacancy, future perspectives and possible transformation.



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11.5. Businesses per neighbourhood in Gouda in 2000, 2008 and 2009. (Bedrijvenregister Zuid-Holland, 2010)

11.6. Green Heart in 2000 (Glas, 2010)

11.7. Green Heart in 2010 (Glas, 2010)

The boundaries of the Green Heart are moved to create space for future development in the Zuidplaspolder.



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11.8. Percentages of the labour force that is working at home, or uses their homes as base. (CBS, 2009)

11.9. Solutions for structural vacancy of offi ce buildings (Bak, 2008)

11.10. Withdrawals from the stock by reuse. (Bak, 2008)

This withdrawl contains 32% of the total amount of vacant offi ce buildings.


Gouwe and the Hollandse IJssel, Gouda has nowb iddl i d i i h i l f i

Green Heart any more. (image 11.6 and 11.7)


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become a middle-sized city with a regional functionin the Green Heart. Research proves that almost aquarter of the offi ces in Gouda are vacant due to

the fact that employment is decreasing in Goudaand businesses are moving to residential neigh-bourhoods. The increasing number of teleworkerswill only stimulate this process, that primarily affectbusiness areas. Because of these large businessesleaving Gouda, the city is turning into an dormitorycity and will a large part of the exisitng offi ce stocklose to their current target groups. According to Bak,

(image 11.9 and 11.10) different strategies accord-ing to this movement can be used to deal with thisvacant offi ces. This will create option for implement-ing program of Westergouwe.

11.5 The rise of teleworking

During the last decades telecommuting, labour

which is performed away from the employer orclient using information and communication tech-nology (ICT) (TNO, 1999), is introduced in the Dutchlabour environment. The positive consequencesof the decentralisation and increased worker au-tonomy and mobility brought about telework, canbe seen in higher levels of productivity, improvedworking-time arrangements and new employment

opportunities for various categories of workers,potentially without geographical limits. (Di Martinoand Wirth, 1990 : 529) The possibilities of telecom-muting are very much related to the offi ce type, dis-tinguished the front to meet clients and back offi cefor administrative labour. Companies that especiallydo administrative work by ict-applications are muchmore exible in their location. (Drewe, 2002) In2008, more than ten percent of the labour force, in-cluding owners of small businesses based at home,were structurally working at home. (image 11.8) Thisnumber will increase stimulated by the decreas-ing effectiveness of traffi c networks, but there is acertain limit. Research proves that 70 percent of theemployees in services are able to telework. In educa-tion and health care this number is much lower withonly 30 percent.

11.6 Conclusion and recommendations

Centrally positioned within the Randstad, Gouda isstrategically located very well along different type ofinfrastructure. While Gouda was in former times oneof the largest cities in Holland, due to the economicwealth thanks to the position along the rivers the

economy of Gouda | 053


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12.1. Borders of the built environment indicating the growth of Gouda. (Glas, 2011)

The dashed line one the left is indicated the reservated area for the planned neighbourhood

Westergouwe. The dashed line on the right is an area in planned for residential use.

1000-19001900-19301930-19601950-1980

1980-presentplanned



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12.2. Map of Gouda indicating the different allotments used (Glas, 2011)

In the drawning the development of the city can clearly be related to different

allotment types used.

closed building blockrow developmentstampshooks and coutsvilla developmentresidential zones

ribbon developmenthigh rise in green area



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12.3. Map of Gouda showing the stock of the housing associations (Gemeente

Gouda, 2006)

stock Mozaiekstock Woonpartnersfor sale by Mozaiek



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research questions | 059

other functionscommercial/residentialapartment buildingsterraced housingvillas/semidetached12.4. Map of Gouda showing different building types present in Gouda (Glas, 2011)


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12.5. Division of housing stock (rental and owner-occupied) in Goudas neighbourhoods (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

12.6. Division of the housing stock (rental and owner-occupied) in Gouda, 2000-2009 (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

12.7. Value of the housing stock of the neighbourhoods of Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)



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12.8. Densities of dwellings and inhabitants per ha in the neighbourhoods of Gouda. (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

12.9. Size of the dwelling stock in the neighbourhoods of Gouda. (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

12.10. Growth of the inhabitants of Gouda, 1970-2010 (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)



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12.11. Aerial view of plan for Middenwillens (Slokker Vastgoed, 2010)

Planned development of 250 dwellings in the neighbourhood Achterwillens| city extension used for urban regeneration.064


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dwelling stock of Gouda | 067

12.12. Map of Gouda in 1891 (Burgersdijk, 1891)

12.13. Map of Gouda in 1968 (Gemeente Gouda, 1968)

12.14. Map of Gouda in 1975 (Gemeente Gouda, 1975)


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13.1. The situation of the planned neighbourhood Westergouwe, located east of the exising city. (Urbis, nd.)

Westergouwe is separated from the existing built environment by the river the Gouwe and only connected by two roads.| city extension used for urban regeneration.068


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13.2. Principle of dealing with water in Westergouwe. (Urbis, nd.)

A. existing situation in Westergouwe. B. principle of dealing with seepage and water storage. C. nal design.

13.3. Allotment plan of Westergouwe with a concentration of facilities in the centre. (Urbis, nd.)| city extension used for urban regeneration.070


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13.4. Division of different dwelling areas in Westergouwe. (Urbis, nd.)

Dwelling areas existing out of different densities. In the south a park is located.

13.5. Advertisement sign at the location of Westergouwe (Skyscrapercity, 2008)

bolwerkwaterwonentuinengrachten

landelijk wonen| city extension used for urban regeneration.072

will lead to an increasing segregation by income inthe whole of Gouda. Research by the PBL has proventhat in contrast to the increasing segregation by cre-ating new Vinex neighbourhoods at the borders of


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ating new Vinex-neighbourhoods at the borders of

the city, the construction of owner-occupied dwell-ings within the existing urban fabric will decreasesegregation. (van Dam, 2010) The results show thatthe option to extend the city of Gouda using a newneighbourhood, do also bring in many disadvantag-es. This makes it interesting to look after the optionof implementing the needed program within theexisting urban fabric of Gouda.

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14.1. Leefbaarometer of the municipality Gouda, indicating the liveability of areas in the city (VROM, 2008)

Some moderate and negative areas are visible located in Plaswijck, Achterwillens, Korte Akkeren and Gouda -Oost.

14.2. Leefbaarometer of Gouda as a whole indicated the strenghts and weaknessess of the city (VROM, 2008)

extremely positivevery positivepositive

moderate positivemoderatenegativevery negativeno information



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14.3. City-photo, showing the strenghts and weaknesses of Gouda. (Atlas voor Gemeenten, 2009)

14.4. Table showing the share of the total and unemployed population in Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

1

1

11

6

9

8

9

8

19

13

15

1

2

6

6

7

8

9

13

13

1718

0 10 20 30 40 50

Stolw./Westerg.

Nieuwe Park

Oost

Achterwillens

Binnenstad

Noord

Kort Haarlem

Bloemendaal

Korte akkeren

Goverwelle

Plaswijck

aandeel bevolking

aandeel werkloosheid


6,9

7

7,1

Noord

Bloemendaal

Plaswijck


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living environment of Gouda | 077

14.5. Image showing the rated liveability by own population in Gouda from 2006-2009 (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

14.6. Table showing the appreciation of the green in the neighbourhood in Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

6,3

5,2

5,5

5,5

6,1

6,2

6,1

6,3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

GOUDA

Korte Akkeren

Oost

Goverwelle

Binnenstad

Kort Haarlem

Achterwillens

Nieuwe Park

2006

2007

2008

2009

48

46

38

53

52

44

56

54

51

17

17

29

19

39

41

34

28

26

23

38

39

46

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GOUDA

Binnenstad

Goverwelle

Korte Akkeren

Nieuwe Park

Achterwillens

Kort H aarlem

Bloemendaal

Noord

Oost

Plaswijck

goed

voldoende


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| small morocco078

14.7. Map of Gouda with shops, schools and other facilities. (Glas, 2011)

the red translucent area indicates the centres of the Gouda, containing not only the

main commercial part, but also secondairy schools and hospitals.

centre areacommercial functionsgreen areawaterpolice stationhospitalsuper marketprimairy school

secondary school


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45

46

32

48

45

51

63

48

Achterwillens

Bloemendaal

Plaswijck

Noord


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14.8. Appreciation of food stores in the neighbourhood in Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

14.9. Division of ethnic groups in the neighbourhoods of Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

42

37

45

53

58

5

29

14

42

42

5

31

32

37

26

48

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GOUDA

Kort Haarlem

Nieuwe Park

Goverwelle

Binnenstad

Oost

Korte Akkeren

c e e s

goed

voldoende

49

74

77

79

82

82

84

85

9

14

8

5

4

4

5

6

4

4

5

4

5

77

78

79

7

10

9

8

8

6

8

6

7

8

6

6

10

10

34

6

6

9

5

7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Gouda

Gouda-Oost

Korte Akkeren

Achterwillens

Goverwelle

Binnenstad

Nieuwe Park

Plaswijck

Kort Haarlem

Bloemendaal

Gouda-Noord

autochtonen westerse allochtonen Marokkanen overig niet-westerse allochtonen


The facilities in Gouda are, due to the serving func-tion of the city, good. Secondary schools and hospi-tals are located at the centre, while primary schoolsand commercial nodes are spread out over the city.

a regional level, due to the variety of shops, cultureand leisure. (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b) The supplyof food stores in Gouda is according to the City-monitor 2010 equally divided. A clear exception to


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Food facilities are lacking in Kort Haarlem.this is the neighbourhood Kort Haarlem, built in the1930. (ibid) Containing all kind of shops acting ona neighbourhood level, the location and pressureof stores in the city centre did lead to the closure ofalmost all these small scaled shops in Kort Haarlem.(image 14.8)

14.4 Conclusion and recommendations

The liveability in Gouda is good due to the strategicposition of the city in the Randstad, the rating of em-ployment in general and the facilities offered withinthe city. Negative points are the nuisance in the cityand the high number of unemployment amongyouth. (VROM, 2008; Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)Looking to the locations were these problems arefound and the liveability is low Gouda-Oost

and Korte Akkeren appear. Both neighbourhoodsrepresents mainly social housing, a low-incomepopulation and a high number of unemployment.Despite good results according to these neighbour-hoods like social cohesion or the presence of muchgreen space, these neigbourhoods did becamelowest rated on the liveability of all neighbourhoodsin Gouda. Knowing that immigrants are mainly less

educated and employed than autochthons, it is asexpected that these concentrations are present inthese neighbourhoods. (image 14.9)

living environment of Gouda | 081


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15.1. Project areas of Gouda for regeneration and new construction (Skyscraperpage, 2010)

Besides the neighbourhood Westergouwe, already many location within the built environment are planned.| city extension used for urban regeneration.082


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15.2. Space within the existing built environment of Gouda that can be used for new development. (Glas, 2011)

housing developmenthousing replacementhousing for businessnew facilities/businesssupermarket newsupermarket exisitng



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15.3. Densication plans for the inner-city of Leiden (Compact NL, 2011)

15.4. Different borders areas of the city: sharp and strong borders and diffuse zones. (Eijk and Rozendaal, 2004)| city extension used for urban regeneration.086


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15.5. Different ways of creating green networks in different urban structures (www.groenendestad.nl, 2011)

15.6. Transformation used to create a balance between the supply and demand of buildings.( Geraedts, 2005)



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16.1. Area of Gouda-Oost (KEI, 2010c)

The neighbourhood Gouda-Oost existing of the areas Vreewijk (1), Oosterwei (2), Sportbuurt (3) and Voorwillens (4).



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J

oub


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16.2. Different housing types in Gouda-Oost (Bouw et al., 2009)

16.3. Street in Oosterwei with many apartment buildings and green space (Mul, 2008)

16.4. Main street in Oosterwei, de Rijkestraat, containing mainly local shops (Refdag, 2008)

villas and semidetachedterraced housingapartment building

st.Antonius

College

bertstraat

Sportlaan

Dunantsingel

Rijk

estr.



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16.5. Plan for Gouda-Oost by One Achtitecture (Bouw et al., 2009)

existingrenewal areaheight accent

social centre: community school,safety house, neighbourhood centrecommercial centre + mosque +health centre + pharmacy

hardsoftprivate gardensnew water

existing sport eldsnew sport areassport areasrunning track

existing streetnew streetbicycle pathto demolish

local green connectioninter-local connectionlocal connection



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16.6. Mobiliteitsplan Gouda 2020, main infrastructural networks and future plans (Gemeente Gouda, 2007)

(overig)

(overig)

national track Inational track IIregional access Iregional access IIarea access Iarea access II

Outer city Inner cityarea access Iarea access IIyard accessreservations ofnew infrastructurein city and region



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16.8. New planned regional Shopping centre in Oosterwei designed by One Architectyre (Bouw et al., 2009)

16.9. New planned Community school in Oosterwei designed by Atelier Pro (Aterlier Pro, 2008)



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existing street

new streetbicycle path

t d li h


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16.10. Plan by One Architecture for new connections in the neighbourhood (Bouw et al., 2009)

16.11. Plan by One Architecture for new a new social and commercial centre (Bouw et al., 2009)

to demolish

social centre: community school,

safety centre, neighbourhood centre

commercial centre + mosque + healthcentre + pharmacy


existing playgrounds


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Gouda-Oost | 103

16.12. Current playground areas in the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost (Bouw et al., 2009)

16.13. New location of the playgrounds according to the plan of One Architecture (Bouw et al., 2009)

existing sport elds

new sporting areas

playgrounds

running track

18

21

17

33

27

12

15

15

29

31

Kort Haarlem

Korte akkeren

Bloemendaal

Goverwelle

Plaswijck


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16.14. Current supply and demand of playing areas in the neighbourhoods of Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

16.15. Valuation of of current supply for youth in neighbourhoods in Gouda (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b)

16.16. Parking space in Gouda-Oost. 80% is max. 77% is highest occupation during nights (Gemeente Gouda, 2010d)

Oost

15 Vreewijk 693 80% 60% 60% 65%

16 Oosterwei 788 80% 44% 64% 77%

19 Oud Goverwelle 542 80% 42% 60% 76%

2

13

10

10

13

3

9

9

5

9

0 10 20 30 40 50

Nieuwe Park

Noord

Binnenstad

Achterwillens

Oost

huidig

gewenst

30

21

31

38

39

32

23

25

28

18

14

20

4

20

24

33

15

31

31

16

28

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GOUDA

Goverw elle

Kort Haarlem

Oost

Achterw illens

Noord

Plasw ijck

Bloemendaal

Korte Akkeren

Nieuw e Park

Binnenstad

12 tot 16 jaar

16 jaar en ouder



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spatial plan for Oosterwei | 107


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existing road pedestriansexisting main roadlocal roadroad with dead endcommercial spot andinuence area


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17.3. Existing situation of the area of inuence of the commercial centre in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)

17.4. New situation of the area of inuence of the commercial centre in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.5. Existing situation of the structure of Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


new road pedestriansnew main roadexisting road pedestriansexisting main roadlocal road

road with dead end

new road pedestriansnew main roadexisting road pedestriansexisting main roadlocal road

road with dead end


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17.6. New situation of the structure of Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)

113spatial plan for Gouda-Oost |


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17.15. Existing situation of green areas in Gouda-Oost and routes for pedestrians (Glas, 2011)


green spacewaterbuildingspedestrian paths


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17.16. New situation of green areas in Gouda-Oost and routes for pedestrians (Glas, 2011)



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17.13. Existing water structure in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


waterbuildingswater connections


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17.14. New water structure in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.7. Existing location and relation between education facilities in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


secondairy schoolprimairy schoolnurseriesconnections betweeneducation facilities


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17.8. New location and relation between education facilities in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.9. Existing location of offi ce, commercial and religious buildings in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


offi ce spacereligious buildingscommercial spaceconnections betweenfunctions


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17.10. New location of offi ce, commercial and religious buildings in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.11. Existing location of facilities in Gouda-Oost in relation to the tree axis (Glas, 2011)


secondairy schoolprimairy schoolnurseriesoffi ce spacereligious buildingscommercial space

other buildingsmain connectionsbetween functions


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17.12. New location of facilities in Gouda-Oost in relation to the three axis (Glas, 2011)



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17.17. Existing buildings in Gouda-Oost and buildings which has to be demolished (Glas, 2011)


remaining buildingsnew buildingsdemolished buildings


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17.18. New and remaining buildings in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.19. Existing location of owner occupied and social housing in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


other buildingssocial housingowner occupiedimaginary borders


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17.20. New location of owner occupied and social housing in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.21. Housing types of the existing situation in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)


semi-detached and villateracced housingapartment buildingsnon-housing buildingsdwelling/workingother buildings


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17.22. Housing types of the new situation in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.23. Use of ground oors of the buildings in Gouda-Oost; existing situation (Glas, 2011)


closed plinthoffi ces in plinthdwellings in plinthwater


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17.24. Use of the ground oors of the buildings in Gouda-Oost; new situation (Glas, 2011)


bolwerkgrachtenlandelijk wonentuinenwaterwonenexisting buildings


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17.25. Implemented housing part of planned neighbourhood Westergouwe in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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parking area outsideparking garagecovered parking areabuildings


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17.26. Added parking facilities in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.27. Existing plans and sections of stampin Oosterwei, Gouda-Oost. Scale 1:1000 (Glas, 2011)

63 houses including storage and 11 garages, surrounded by a green public space.


ground levelsurface level

longitudinal and cross sectionsecond oor

17.11. Transformation of stamps in Oosterwei, Gouda-Oost.


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17.28. Existing plans and sections of stampin Oosterwei. Scale 1:1000 (Glas, 2011)

62 houses including storage, 2 offi ces and open parking facility for 34 cars, surroundedby a public designed space and private gardens.

ground levelsurface level

longitudinal and cross sectionsecond oor

storageoffi ce spacedwellingspublic green spaceprivate green spaceparking lot

does not create a visual blockade but guaranteestransparency. Parking spaces for new developmentis in many cases solved by parking on own plot. Thevillas and semidetached dwellings got all parkingspace on their own plot, the terraced housing onlyin some cases.

17.10. Solving parking within the neighbourhood.

Because the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost got arelatively high dwelling density, Gouda-Oost: 38,5/ha and Gouda: 16,7/ha (Gemeente Gouda, 2010b),and many new middle and high class dwellings areadded to the neighbourhood, it is important thatparking facilities got enough capacity. The permis-sible occupation of parking spaces in Gouda-Oost isset on a maximum of 80 percent. During the mostbusiest usage (nights), these occupation is approxi-mately 75 percent. The number of parking spaceper dwelling in the neighbourhood Gouda Oost is


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per dwelling in the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost iscurrently equal to a parking standard of 0,93 cars perdwelling.

The addiction of a more expensive dwelling seg-ment asks for a larger parking standard. Because ofthe fact that the new development in Gouda-Oostdoes also increase the dwelling density of the neigh-bourhood, it is necessary to come up with new ideasfor parking and parking spaces that can be used by

different parties. The new centre of Gouda-Oost willbe equipped with a parking garage located under-neath the whole central stroke. These garage will of-fer parking space during school, work and shoppinghours to the cars of visitors of the commercial area,employees and carriers of schoolchildren. Outsideschool, work and shopping hours the same parkinggarage offers space for the inhabitants of the dwell-

ings located above the commercial area.

The transformation of the stamps in the neighbour-hood Oosterwei created parking facilities under-neath the new development which can be used bythe inhabitants of the apartment building. Becauseof the fact that this parking area is deepened, it



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17.29. Masterplan for Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)

17.12. Numbers of the neighbourhood Gouda-Oost

Existing situation:

Number of dwellings: 2173 dwelling (Gemeente Gouda, 2009)Social housing: 51 percent

Owner occupied housing: 49 percentParking spaces: 2023, which is 0,93 per dwelling (Gemeente Gouda, 2004)Commercial space: < 4000 m2Reaching number of dwellings: 2500

New situation:


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Demolished housing: 445 dwellings, mainly apartments

New developed housing: 1054 dwellingsTotal number of dwellings: 2782 dwellings (+ 28 percent)Social housing: 35 - 40 percentOwner occupied housing: 60 - 65 percentRemoved parking spaces: 500Added parking spaces: 1520Whereof underground: 565

Total number of parking spaces: 3043, excl. parking on own propperty for > 350 dwellings

3400 parking spaces (1,23 per dwelling)Commercial space: < 7500 m2Reaching number of dwellings: 9000

New development: Gouda-Oost: Westergouwe planned:Grachten (50/ha): 452 950Bolwerk (40/ha): 168 700

Tuinen (30/ha): 361 1700

Landelijk wonen (15/ha): 65 350Waterwonen (5-10/ha): 8 60


1-1

2-2


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145spatial plan for Gouda-Oost

|

3-3

4-4

C-CB

-B

D-D

A-A

17.30. Location of sections, 1:1500 (red), 1:200 (blue). (Glas, 2011)

17.13. Sections


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17.31. Sections of the central strip in Gouda-Oost. (Glas, 2011)

Section 1-1

Section 2-2

Section 3-3 Section 4-4

|city extension used for urban regeneration.

146


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17.3

2.

SectionA

-AofthecentrestripOo

stersingel.(Glas,

2011)

147

ossing.

(Glas,

2011

)


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17.3

3.

SectionB

-BoftheDunantsingel

wheretheOostersingeliscro

148


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17.3

4.

SectionC

-CoftheDunantsingel.

(Glas,

2011)

149

ing.

(Glas,

2011)


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17.3

5.

SectionD

-DoftheSportlaanwh

eretheOostersingelis

cross

150


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17.36. Exisitng situation where the extended Dunantsingel is planned (Glas, 2011)

17.37. New situation of the extended Dunantsingel as main road in Gouda-Oost(Glas, 2011)

spatial plan for Gouda-Oost | 151

17.14. Artist impressions


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17.38. Exisitng situation of the commercial strip in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)

17.39. New situation of the commercial strip Oostersingel in Gouda-Oost (Glas, 2011)



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17.40. Exisitng situation of the Bernadottelaan, backside of the commercial strip (Glas, 2011)

17.41. New situation of the Bernadottelaan, created as a new urban street(Glas, 2011)

spatial plan for Gouda-Oost | 153


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17.42. Existing situation of stamps in Oosterwei. (Glas, 2011)

17.43. New situation of stamps in Oosterwei. (Glas, 2011)


18. References


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18.1. Reference of the commercial strip, de Bijlmerdreef in Amsterdam (Aldershoff, 2011)

18.2. Reference of the commercial strip, la Duchre in Lyon (serl.fr, 2011)

18.3. Reference of the commercial strip, Inverdan in Zaandam (stadshartzaandam.nl, 2011)

references | 155


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18.4. Reference of re-using ground oor befor and after, Florijn in Amsterdam (Archined.nl, 2011)

18.5. Reference of transformation of ground oor, Kruitbergplint in Amsterdam (oga.amsterdam.nl, 2011)

18.6. Reference of re-using plinths of post-war buildings, F-buurt in Amsterdam (dvdt.com, 2005)



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18.7. References semi-detached and terraced housing, Nesselande in Rotterdam (nieuwbouw-rotterdam-nesse-

lande.nl, 2009)

18.8. Reference of new terraced housing block, Korte Akkeren in Gouda (nederhoff.nl, 2009)

references | 157


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18.9. Reference of dwelling towers along the river, Wiekslag in Sneek (penta.architecten.nl, 2011)

18.10. References of dwelling tower, Soeterdael in Zoetermeer (www.inbo.com, 2011)

18.11. Reference of dwelling towers built behind a dyke, t Leliepark in Gouda (skyscrapercity.com, 2009)



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18.12. Reference of restaurant along the river, Wilheminadok in Amsterdam (Arne Kuilman, 2007)

18.13. Reference of neighbourhood park, Park Transvaal in the Hague (KEI, 2005; veilg-beheer-ontwerp.nl, 2011)

references | 159

structuring

connecting


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adapting

mixing

19.1. Four themes of the design: connecting, structuring, adapting and mixing (Glas, 2011)



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164 | city extension used for urban regeneration.


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VROM-Raad (2009), Stad en Wijk verweven, schakelen, verbinden, verankeren in de stad. VROM: Den HaagWilson, K.L. and Portes, A. (1980), Immigrant enclaves: An analysis of the labour market experiences of Cubans in Miami.

American Journal of Sociology, vol. 88, nr. 1, pp. 135-160.Wilson, W.J. (1987) The truly Disadvantaged: The inner city, the Underclass, and public policy.Chicago: Chicago University

Press.Woonpartners Midden-Holland (2010) Westergouwe. http://www.woonpartners-mh.nl/?id=1355 [Accessed at 25 October

2010]

van Zanden, J. L. and van Riel, A. (2000) Nederland 1780 - 1914. Staat, instituties en economische ontwikkeling. Amster-dam: Balans

Van der Zwaard, J. (2005) De Nederlanders achterna?Twijfels van allochtone sociale stijgers over verhuizen naar een betere buurt, In: Sociologie, Tijdschrift voor maatschappelijke vraagstukken, 1(4), pp. 463-476.


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bibliography | 169


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Documents

Gouda City Extension Used for Urban Regeneration