Gore Amplified Geochemical Imagingc187470.r70.cf1.rackcdn.com/gorev2.pdfrTransition zone (0-40 meters) mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospect ranking rShallow (40 m) to Deep water

Amplified Geochemical ImagingSM Finding Petroleum Feb 15, 2011

© Copyright 2011 W. L. Gore & Associateswww.gore.com/surveys

Gore® Amplified Geochemical ImagingSM -

The advanced tool for derisking HC exploration

FINDING PETROLEUM, Feb 15, 2011

Presented by

Dirk Hellwig, W.L. Gore & Associates

http://www.gore.com/surveys



Today´s Menu

Innovation Runs through everything we do, Gore Enterprise & Surveys

Amplified Geochemical ImagingEarth´s Fractionation ProcessAGI How it worksThe advanced tool

Case studies

Track Record & Wrap-up




Innovation Runs Through Everything We Do

Established in 1958, Privately held~ $2.5 billion annual sales9,000+ associatesRecognized as a Best Company to Work For50 offices worldwideDedication to R&D

Medical Products

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Industrial Products

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Gore Survey Products Group, Global resources & locations

Location Resources

Elkton, MD, USA Manufacturing, Lab, Interp., Sales, Leadership

Munich, Germany Interp., Sales, Sales Admin.




GORE Amplified Geochemical Imaging service is:- a surface based- passive- geochemical method- Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator

It measures and maps- HC compounds from the soil gas in the sub part per billion range

It uses- Gore´s unique and highly sensitive passive diffusion module- advanced mathematical and statistical techniques to identifyand analyze the microseepage signal

It creates- a comprehensive geochemical dataset that can beinterpreted with various techniques (incl. AGI modelling)




Benefit of AGI to yourExploration Program

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40.0

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95.0

Probability%

OIL Well

DRY Well

Frontier Acreage is my concessionprospective (evidence of a petroleum system)?

Assess charge potential in defined leads tohelp reduce drilling risks

Field development to find field extents and/orbypassed pay

Onshore & Offshore Capability

Frontier Acreage is my concessionprospective (evidence of a petroleum system)?

Assess charge potential in defined leads tohelp reduce drilling risks

Field development to find field extents and/orbypassed pay

Onshore & Offshore Capability




Hydrocarbons from reservoir

Background hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons along faults

Vertical Migration

The Earth´s Fractionation Process

Macroseepage:Detectable in visible amountsPathway follows discontinuitiesOffset from source/reservoir

Microseepage:Detectable in analytical amounts

Pathway is nearly verticalOverlie source/reservoir

VS




Four possible mechanisms:1) Diffusion - gradient movement of dissolved gases2) Aqueous transport - movement in ascending water3) Continuous gas phase flow

Favoured mechanism:4) Microbuoyancy - transport in buoyant microbubbles

Direct surface projection of reservoirsMigration in the absence of faultsRapid changes in surface anomalies as production starts

Vertical

Migration

Mechanisms

Klusman, R.W., and M.A. Saeed, 1996, Comparison of light hydrocarbon microseepage mechanisms, in D. Schumacher

and M.A. Abrams, eds., Hydrocarbon migration and its near-surface expression: AAPG Memoir 66, pp. 157-168.

Brown, A., 2000, Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms, AAPG Bulletin, pp. 1775-1789.

Vertical Migration - Microseepage





Before Charge - July After Charge - October

DuringDraw down - January

AfterDraw down - April

CST Oil & GasExeter Oil & Gas

Hydrocarbon Seepage Response SpeedKeota Dome Iowa 700 m





Gore Sampler (Module)

Patented, passive, sorbent-basedChemically-inert, waterproof, vapor permeableDirect detection of organic compoundsSample integrity protected

Engineered sorbentsConsistent sampling mediumMinimal water vapor uptake

Time-integrated samplingMinimize near-surface variabilityMaximize sensitivity (up to C20)Avoids variables inherent ininstantaneous sampling

Duplicate samples

Amplified Geochemical Imaging - How it works

GORETM

vaporpermeablemembranecasing

Adsorbent




Module installation & retrieval


Secure module, mark fieldlocation, record GPS data andfield notes

Create installation hole

Insert module intohole & cover

Onshore




Slick sampling and analysis to validate petroleum systems

Macroseep & seabed feature targeting to validate petroleum system

Transition zone (0-40 meters) mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospectranking

Shallow (40 m) to Deep water (3000 m) coring & mapping of directhydrocarbons for prospect ranking

Site Survey Sampling. Collecting seabed samples while geotech/env sitesurveying

Offshore Application







Place insertionrod in module

Slick sampling and analysis to validate petroleum systems




Shallow (40 m) to Deep water (3000 m) coring & mapping of directhydrocarbons for prospect ranking



Collection of shallow seabed coresGravity coring / vibrocoringPenetrating 3 - 5 meters

Grid sampling over defined prospectsMultiple data points

Modeling of charged fields, when possible

Applicable anywhere a core sample can be taken




Tools of trade

Boat Gravity Corer Vibrocorer

Core Extraction Sub-cropping

Sample Jar + Module







Survey Design Regular toIrregular grid

Sample distance200 m to 1.5 km




Yields sensitive, compound specific results

Analytical compound standards

87+ compounds C2 through C20

Aliphatics

Aromatics

Oxygenated compounds

TD/GC/MS Module Analysis






Normal Alkane: 17 Iso-alkane: 11 Cyclic Alkane: 15 Aromatic and PAH: 17Ethane (2) 2-Methylbutane (5) Cyclopentane (5) Benzene (6)

Propane (3) 2-Methylpentane (6) Methylcyclopentane (6) Toluene (7)Butane (4) 3-Methylpentane (6) Cyclohexane (6) Ethylbenzene (8)Pentane (5) 2,4-Dimethylpentane (7) cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) m,p-Xylenes (8)Hexane (6) 2-Methylhexane (7) trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) o-Xylene (8)Heptane (7) 3-Methylhexane (7) trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (7) Propylbenzene (9)Octane (8) 2,5-Dimethylhexane (8) Methylcyclohexane (7) 1-Ethyl-2/3-methylbenzene (9)Nonane (9) 3-Methylheptane (8) Cycloheptane (7) 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (9)Decane (10) 2,6-Dimethylheptane (9) cis-1,3/1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) 1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene (9)

Undecane (11) Pristane (19) cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (9)Dodecane (12) Phytane (20) trans-1,3/1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) Indane (9)Tridecane (13) trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (8) Indene (9)

Tetradecane (14) Ethylcyclohexane (8) Butylbenzene (10)Pentadecane (15) Cyclooctane (8) 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene (10)Hexadecane (16) Propylcyclohexane (9) Naphthalene (10)Heptadecane (17) 2-Methylnaphthalene (11)Octadecane (18) Acenaphthylene (12)

Alkene: 10 Alteration/Byproduct: 3 Biogenic: 4 NSO: 5Ethene (2) Octanal (8) alpha-Pinene Furan

Propene (3) Nonanal (9) beta-Pinene 2-Methylfuran1-Butene (4) Decanal (10) Camphor Carbon Disulfide1-Pentene (5) Caryophyllene Benzofuran1-Hexene (6) Benzothiazole1-Heptene (7) Carbonyl Sulfide (ng)1-Octene (8) Dimethylsulfide (ng)1-Nonene (9) Dimethyldisulfide (ng)1-Decene (10)

1-Undecene (11)

Target Analytical List for GORE™ Survey for Exploration

Typical Petroleum ConstituentsCarbon number in ( )

Byproduct and Alteration CompoundsIncluded in this method to provide a comprehensive inventory of the geochemical system in the surface soil zone





Data Interpretation

> conditions the data to enhance signal/noise and uses multivariate statistical techniques

to distinguish differences in hydrocarbon signatures




FIELDINSTRUMENT BLANKINVENTORY BLANKMETHOD BLANKTRIP BLANK

TYPE 1

CANONICAL Score 2

CA

NO

NIC

AL

Scor

e 1

Analytical QA/QC blanks

Calibration & tuning standards

Industry standard instrumentation

Clean facility standards & practices

Good Laboratory Practices

ISO guidelines

Field Data Distinguished from QA InformationField Data Distinguished from QA Information


Quality Assurance /Quality Control

Canonical Variate Scores

FIELDINSTRUMENT BLANKINVENTORY BLANKMETHOD BLANKTRIP BLANK

TYPE 165951144715

Count

Groups




Oil Well

Signature

300 bopd

41 API

Limited range of compounds commonlyreported by conventional surfacegeochemical techniques.

Limited range of compounds commonlyreported by conventional surfacegeochemical techniques. Oil Well

Ethe

ne/E

than

eEt

han

ePr

opan

ePr

opan

e/Pr

open

ePr

open

e 1-B

uten

eB

utan

e1-

But

ene/

But

ane

1-B

uten

e/1,

3-B

utad

iene

1,3-

But

adie

ne

2-M

ethy

lbut

ane

1,4-

Pent

adie

ne1-

1,4

-Pen

tadi

ene/

1-Pe

nten

e1-

Pent

ene

Pent

ane

Fura

nPr

opan

alIo

dom

etha

ne

Car

bon

dis

ulfi

de

Cycl

open

tane

Cyc

lope

nta

ne/2

-Met

hylp

enta

ne

2-M

ethy

lpen

tane

3-M

ethy

lpen

tane

1-H

exen

eB

utan

alB

utan

al/H

exan

eH

exan

e2-

Met

hylfu

ran

Met

hylc

yclo

pen

tane

2,4-

Dim

ethy

lpen

tan

eCy

cloh

exan

eB

enze

ne1-

Hep

tene

Hep

tane

1-O

cten

eCy

cloh

epta

ne Oct

ane

Ethy

lcyc

lohe

xane

Ethy

lben

zene

m,p

-Xyl

ene

1-N

onen

eS

tyre

neN

onan

eo-

Xyle

neC

yclo

octa

nePr

opyl

cycl

ohe

xane

alp

ha-P

inen

eC

amp

hen

ePr

opyl

benz

ene

1,3,

5-Tr

imet

hylb

enze

nebe

ta-P

inen

e1-

Dec

ene

Dec

ane

1,2,

4-Tr

imet

hylb

enze

neLi

mon

ene

But

ylb

enze

ne1-

Und

ecen

eU

ndec

ane

Cam

pho

rD

odec

ane

Nap

htha

lene

Trid

ecan

e2-

Met

hyl n

apht

hal

ene

Tetr

adec

ane

Pent

adec

ane

Tolu

ene

Met

hylc

yclo

hexa

ne

Organic Compound

Resp

onse

Geochemical Data Differentiation

Amplified Geochemical Imaging The advanced tool




Dry Well

Signature

Resp

onse

Dry Well

Ethe

ne/E

than

eEt

han

ePr

opan

ePr

opan

e/Pr

open

ePr

open

e1-

But

ene

But

ane

1-B

uten

e/B

utan

e1-

But

ene/

1,3-

But

adie

ne1,

3-B

utad

ien

e2-

Met

hylb

utan

e1,

4-Pe

ntad

iene

1-1

,4-P

enta

dien

e/1-

Pent

ene

1-Pe

nten

ePe

ntan

eFu

ran

Prop

anal

Iod

omet

han

eC

arb

on d

isul

fid

eCy

clop

enta

neC

yclo

pen

tane

/2-M

ethy

lpen

tan

e2-

Met

hylp

enta

ne3-

Met

hylp

enta

ne1-

Hex

ene

But

anal

But

anal

/Hex

ane

Hex

ane

2-M

ethy

lfura

nM

ethy

lcyc

lope

nta

ne2,

4-D

imet

hylp

enta

ne

Cycl

ohex

ane

Ben

zene

1-H

epte

neH

epta

ne

Tolu

ene

1-O

cten

eCy

cloh

epta

neO

ctan

eEt

hylc

yclo

hexa

neEt

hylb

enze

nem

,p-X

ylen

e1-

Non

ene

Sty

rene

Non

ane

o-Xy

lene

Cyc

looc

tane

Prop

ylcy

clo

hexa

neal

pha

-Pin

ene

Cam

phe

ne

Prop

ylbe

nzen

e1,

3,5-

Trim

ethy

lben

zene

beta

-Pin

ene

1-D

ecen

eD

ecan

e1,

2,4-

Trim

ethy

lben

zene

Lim

onen

eB

utyl

ben

zene

1-U

ndec

ene

Und

ecan

eC

amp

hor

Dod

ecan

eN

apht

hale

neTr

idec

ane

2-M

ethy

l nap

hth

alen

eTe

trad

ecan

ePe

ntad

ecan

e

Met

hylc

yclo

hexa

ne

Organic Compound








Gas Well

Signature

99% Methane

Gas Well

Eth

ene/

Eth

ane

Prop

ene

Prop

ane

1-B

uten

eB

utan

e2

-Met

hylb

utan

e1

-Pen

tene

Pent

ane

Fura

nCa

rbon

dis

ulfi

deCy

clop

enta

ne2

-Met

hylp

enta

ne3-

Met

hylp

enta

ne

1-H

exen

eH

exan

e2-

Met

hylfu

ran

Met

hylc

yclo

pen

tane

2,4-

Dim

ethy

lpen

tan

eCy

cloh

exan

eB

enze

ne2-

Met

hylh

exan

e3-

Met

hylh

exan

eci

s-1

,3-D

imet

hylc

yclo

pent

ane

tran

s-1,

3-D

imet

hylc

yclo

pen

tan

etr

ans-

1,2

-Dim

eth

ylcy

clop

enta

ne1

-Hep

tene

Hep

tan

eM

ethy

lcyc

lohe

xane

2,5

-Dim

ethy

lhex

ane

Tolu

ene

3-M

ethy

lhep

tane

cis-

1,3/

1,4-

Dim

ethy

lcyc

lohe

xane

1-O

cten

eCy

cloh

epta

neci

s-1

,2-D

imet

hylc

yclo

hexa

neO

ctan

etr

ans-

1,3/

1,4-

Dim

ethy

lcyc

lohe

xan

2,6

-Dim

ethy

lhep

tane

tran

s-1

,2-D

imet

hylc

yclo

hexa

neEt

hylc

yclo

hexa

neEt

hyl

ben

zene

m,p

-Xyl

ene

1-N

onen

eSt

yren

eo-

Xyle

neN

onan

eCy

cloo

ctan

ePr

opyl

cycl

ohex

ane

alph

a-Pi

nene

Cam

phen

ePr

opyl

benz

ene

1-E

thyl

-2/3

-met

hylb

enze

ne1,

3,5-

Trim

ethy

lben

zene

bet

a-Pi

nene

1-Et

hyl-4

-met

hylb

enze

ne 1-D

ecen

eD

ecan

e1,

2,4-

Trim

ethy

lben

zene

Oct

anal

Lim

onen

eB

utyl

ben

zene

1-U

ndec

ene

Und

ecan

e Non

anal

Cam

phor

Dod

ecan

eN

apht

hale

neD

ecan

alB

enzo

thia

zole

Trid

ecan

e2

-Met

hyl

nap

hth

alen

eTe

trad

ecan

eCa

ryop

hylle

nePe

nta

deca

neH

exad

ecan

eH

epta

deca

neO

ctad

ecan

e

Organic Compound

Resp

onse









Data Interpretation

> conditions the data to enhance signal/noise and uses multivariate statistical techniques

to distinguish differences in hydrocarbon signatures




Oil Well ModelOil Well ModelGas Well ModelGas Well Model

Dry Well ModelDry Well Model

0

5

10

15

20

Geochemical Model DevelopmentAmplified Geochemical Imaging The advanced tool




Geochemical Model Development

C2 C20

Oil RangeCompounds

GasCondensateRangeCompounds

Background, nocorrelation tocompounds

Example shown: Gas/Condensate Well and Dry well models; No oil discoveries in this area, HCAperformed on Compounds post S/N, HCA clearly detects an oil signature in the data

Cluster Analysis

Identify geochemical similarities in data patternsSoil gas data grouped by clusters

Assumptions/Requirements- Identify & remove noisy variables

- Cluster structure isolatespetroliferous vs background character

- Sufficient cluster membership tosample signal variance

- Clusters have subsurface geochemical meaning





Final Report:Objectives, design, & field work

QA/QC summary

Geochemical modeling

Results

Summary & conclusions

Color contour probability maps

Supporting appendices

Available electronically

Interpretation & Integration





Amplified Geochemical Imaging

Case histories Onshore




Amplified Geochemical Imaging

Case histories Onshore




Sensitive to a broaderrange of compounds

IDs compound signal inppt

Reports compoundsignal in ppb

Works in virtually anysoil condition

AmplifiedGeochemical

Imaging

C10 C20

Dri

erW

ette

r

Soil Gas

San

ds

Clay

s

Shorter Sampling Longer Sampling

Silt

s

pp

t

Petroleum Compound Universe

Geo

logi

cal U

nive

rse

C5C2 C15C1

pp

bp

pm

Methane can skew interpretation:Methane can skew interpretation:-- it is ubiquitousit is ubiquitous-- biogenicbiogenic > <> < thermogenicthermogenic-- can be misleadingcan be misleading





- More than 600 surveys in O & G EXP

- Gore Surveys for Exploration has been used effectively in over 130 basins /56 countries worldwide

>Through sediment, volcanic cover & thick-evaporite sequences>Structural, stratigraphic, combination & salt traps

- Including all continents, terrains and climate(e.g. desert, jungle, plains, tundra, offshore)

- for more than 150 companies

- with a success rate of + 90%

Track RecordAmplified Geochemical Imaging The advanced tool




Thank you for your Time and Interest




Prediction Rates for Drilling PositiveGeochemical Features

IncorrectPrediction -

False PositiveRate 7%

CorrectPredictionRate 93%

Known no. wells drilled on ourresults 179 [worldwide]

Oil & Gas Discovery WellPrediction

93%

Dry Well Prediction92%

Correct Predictions Total93%

Prediction Rates for Drilling NegativeGeochemical Areas

Inco rrectPrediction -

FalseNegative Rate

8%

CorrectPredictionRate 92%

c

Success Rates


Documents

Gore Amplified Geochemical Imagingc187470.r70.cf1.rackcdn.com/gorev2.pdfrTransition zone (0-40 meters) mapping of direct hydrocarbons for prospect ranking rShallow (40 m) to Deep water