Upload
brianlaksono
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Good Climber.docx
1/5
Reinhold Messner (1a)Reinhold Messner(born 17 September 1944) is amountaineer,adventurer,explorer,
andauthorfrom theItalianautonomous province ofSouth Tyrol,"whose astonishing feats on
Everest and on peaks throughout the world have earned him the status of the greatestclimberin
history."[1]
He is renowned for making the first solo ascent ofMount Everestwithout supplemental oxygen and
for being the first climber to ascend all fourteen "eight-thousanders"(peaks over 8,000 metres
(26,000 ft) above sea level). He is the author of at least 63 books (in German, 19702006), many of
which have been translated into other languages.
Biography[edit]
Born inBrixen(Bressanone),Italy,Messner is a native speaker ofGermanandItalian,and also
fluent in English.[2]He grew up inVillnand spent his early years climbing in theAlpsand fell in love
with theDolomites.His father, Josef Messner, was a teacher. He was also very strict and sometimes
severe with Reinhold. Josef led Reinhold to his first summit at the age of five. Reinhold had eight
brothers and one sister; he later climbed with his brother Gnther and made Arctic crossings with his
brother Hubert.
When Reinhold was 13, he began climbing with his brotherGnther,age 11. By the time Reinhold
and Gnther were in their early twenties, they were among Europe's best climbers.
[3]
Since the 1960s, Messner, inspired byHermann Buhl,was one of the first and most enthusiastic
supporters ofalpine stylemountaineering in theHimalayas,which consisted of climbing with very
light equipment and a minimum of external help. Messner considered the usualexpedition
style("siege tactics") disrespectful toward nature and mountains.
Messner's first major Himalayan climb in 1970, the unclimbed Rupal face ofNanga Parbat,turned
out to be a tragic success. Both he and his brother Gnther reached the summit, but Gnther died
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Messner&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Messner&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Messner&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villn%C3%B6%C3%9Fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villn%C3%B6%C3%9Fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villn%C3%B6%C3%9Fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Messnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Messnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Messnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Buhlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Buhlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Buhlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Buhlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Messnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villn%C3%B6%C3%9Fhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Messner&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineering8/10/2019 Good Climber.docx
2/5
two days later on the descent of the Diamir face. Reinhold lost six toes, which had become badly
frostbitten during the climb and required amputation.[3]Reinhold was severely criticized for persisting
on this climb with less experienced Gnther.[4]The 2010 movieNanga ParbatbyJoseph Vilsmaieris
based on his account of the events.[5]
While Messner andPeter Habelerwere noted for fast ascents in the Alps of theEigerNorth Wall,standard route (10 hours) and Les Droites (8 hours), his 1975Gasherbrum Ifirst ascent of a new
route took three days. This was unheard of at the time.
In the 1970s, Messner championed the cause for ascending Mount Everest without supplementary
oxygen, saying that he would do it "by fair means" or not at all.[6]In 1978, he reached the summit of
Everest with Habeler.[6]This was the first time anyone had been that high without bottled oxygen and
Messner and Habeler proved what certain doctors, specialists, and mountaineers thought
impossible. He repeated the feat, without Habeler, from theTibetanside in 1980, during the
monsoon season. This was Everest's first solo summit.
In 1978, he made a solo ascent of the Diamir face ofNanga Parbat.In 1986, Messner became thefirst to complete all fourteeneight-thousanders(peaks over 8,000 metres above sea
level).[7]Messner has crossedAntarcticaon skis, together with fellow explorerArved Fuchs.He has
written over 60 books[8]about his experiences, a quarter of which have been translated. He was
featured in the 1984 filmThe Dark Glow of the MountainsbyWerner Herzog.
Messner today carries on a diversified business related to hismountaineeringskills. From 1999 to
2004, he held political office as aMember of the European Parliamentfor the Italian Green Party
(Federazione dei Verdi). He was also among the founders ofMountain Wilderness,an
internationalNGOdedicated to the protection of mountains worldwide.
In 2004 he completed a 2,000-kilometre (1,200 mi) expedition through theGobi desert.He nowmainly devotes himself to theMessner Mountain Museum,of which he is the founder.
Jerzy Kukuczka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Vilsmaierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Vilsmaierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Vilsmaierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Habelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Habelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Habelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarcticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarcticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarcticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arved_Fuchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arved_Fuchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arved_Fuchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Glow_of_the_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Glow_of_the_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Glow_of_the_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Herzoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Herzoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Herzoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_dei_Verdihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_dei_Verdihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_dei_Verdihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Wildernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Wildernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Wildernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobi_deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobi_deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobi_deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messner_Mountain_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messner_Mountain_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messner_Mountain_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobi_deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Wildernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_dei_Verdihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Herzoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Glow_of_the_Mountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arved_Fuchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarcticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-Krakauer_153-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Habelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Vilsmaierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Messner#cite_note-natgeo112006-38/10/2019 Good Climber.docx
3/5
Eight-thousanders[edit]
Kukuczka is widely considered among the climbing community to be one of the best high-altitude
climbers in history. He ascended all fourteen mountains in just under eight years, a shorter time than
any climber before (Reinhold Messner included, whom it took 16 years) or since. In the process,
Kukuczka established ten new routes and climbed four summits in winter. He was one of an elite
group of Polish Himalayan mountaineers who specialized in winter ascents. He established 9 new
routes on the eight-thousanders, 4 of which were winter routes (compared to 6 new routes of
Messner's, none of them during winter).
Year Location Mountain Route Comments
1979 Nepal Lhotse West Face Normal Route
1980 Nepal Mount Everest South Pillar New Route
1981 Nepal MakaluVariation to Makalu
La/North-West RidgeNew Route,Alpine Style,Solo.
1982 Pakistan Broad Peak West Spur Normal Route, Alpine Style.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerzy_Kukuczka&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerzy_Kukuczka&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerzy_Kukuczka&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Peakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Peakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerzy_Kukuczka&action=edit§ion=18/10/2019 Good Climber.docx
4/5
1983 Pakistan Gasherbrum II South-East Spur New Route, Alpine Style.
1983 Pakistan Gasherbrum I South-West Face New Route, Alpine Style.
1984 Pakistan Broad PeakTraverse of North, Middle
and Main SummitsNew Route, Alpine Style.
1985 Nepal Dhaulagiri North-East SpurNormal Route, First Winter
Ascent.[1]
1985 Nepal Cho Oyu South-East PillarNew Route, First Winter Ascent,
Second Summit Team.
1985 Pakistan Nanga Parbat South-East Pillar New Route.
1986 Nepal Kanchenjunga South-West FaceNormal Route, First Winter
Ascent.
1986 Pakistan K2 South Face New Route.
1986 Nepal Manaslu North-East Face New Route, Alpine Style.
1987 Nepal Annapurna I North FaceNormal Route, First Winter
Ascent.
1987 China Shisha Pangma West RidgeNew Route, Alpine Style, Ski
Descent.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Peakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaulagirihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Kukuczka#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Kukuczka#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Kukuczka#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho_Oyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchenjungahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shisha_Pangmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shisha_Pangmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchenjungahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho_Oyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Kukuczka#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaulagirihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Peakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasherbrum_II8/10/2019 Good Climber.docx
5/5
1988 NepalAnnapurnaEast
SummitSouth Face New Route, Alpine Style.
He climbed all summits except for Mount Everest without use of supplemental oxygen.
Kukuczka died attempting to climb the unclimbed South Face ofLhotseinNepalon 24 October
1989. Leading a pitch at an altitude of about 8,200 meters on a 6 mm secondhand rope he had
picked up in a market inKathmandu(according toRyszard Pawowski,Kukuczka's climbing partner
on the tragic day, the main single rope used by the team was too jammed to be used and the
climbers decided to use transport rope instead), the cord either was cut or snapped from a fall,
plunging Kukuczka to his death.
OTHERS
MODULAR TABLETOP POWER SUPPLY UNIT OF VARIABLE VOLTAGES Mod.
AMT-3/EVCONSTANT THREE PHASE POWER SUPPLY UAT /EV
Distance Protection Relay Panel Mod SR16/EV
HV Line Simulator Module SR20/EV
Isolation transformer Mod SR21/EV
Protection Relay (over current relay) SR1/EV
Protection Relay (max/ min voltage relay) SR3/EV
Protection Relay (max/ min frequency relay) SR5/EV
Digital Power Analyzer AZ-VIP
THREE-PHASE VARIABLE LOAD Mod. RLC-4/EV
Power Supply Unit Mod AV-1/EV
Variable Frequency Drive Mod VSD-1/EV
DC Generator Mod M1-2/EV
3-Phase squirrel-cage Induction Motor Mod M-4/EV
Series Field Rheostat RC1a
Armature Rheostats RC3-9T
3X Ammeters &2X Voltmeters AZ-VI
- Power System Products List
- Power Electronics Products List
- Electrical Machines Products List
- Control System Laboratory Trainers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmanduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmanduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmanduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Paw%C5%82owskihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Paw%C5%82owskihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Paw%C5%82owskihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Paw%C5%82owskihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmanduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna