GAPGOOD AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

INTRODUCTION

After the World War II most of the developing countriesadopted the State-led development where the state plannedand managed economic development, allocation of resources,production of goods and services for public and privateconsumption.

In mid 1980’s many developing countries are undertakingstructural reforms aimed at encouraging private sectors to playa greater role in economic arena. Many economic policiesaimed to strengthen market forces and increase competition

ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES

IndonesiaMalaysiaPhilippinesThailand

The Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN) is the largest andoldest organization of its kind in Asia, itwas formed on August 8, 1967 byIndonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,Singapore and Thailand, when theforeign ministers of the five countriesmet at the Thai Department of ForeignAffairs building in Bangkok and signedthe ASEAN Declaration, morecommonly known as the BangkokDeclaration

Its aims include the acceleration ofeconomic growth, social progress andcultural development among its members,and the promotion of regional peace andstability by abiding respect for justice andthe rule of law in the relationship amongcountries in the region and adherence to theprinciples of the United Nations Charter.

BruneiCambodiaLaosMyanmarVietnam

The regional bloc grew when another five Asian Countries joined

At the height of the global economic crisis, in December 1997, the ASEAN leaders had spelled out their vision of an integrated ASEAN economy in the first two decades of the new century.

ASEAN CHARTER

One vision, one identity,one caring and sharingcommunity

The ASEAN Vision 2020statement declared that“ The ASEAN EconomicCommunity shallestablish ASEAN assingle market andproduction base”

Facilitates trade

Consumer protection.

Enhances market access and market confidence

Ensures the economic viability of farmers’ agricultural enterprise while preserving their own natural resource base.

Forces Driving theDemand for GAP as aComponent of aCountry’s Food ControlSystem

➢ globalization and freer trade

❖ removal of the domestic bias against agriculture;

❖ investment to lift product quality to the standards demanded abroad

❖ efforts to improve productivity and competitiveness in all markets.

❖ investments in transportation and communications, upgraded production infrastructure, improved marketing, storage and processing facilities as well as better food quality and safety schemes

Thailand produce exported to EU and Japan: Thai-GAP, Q and GlobalGAP certified.

- Good Agricultural Practice- Maayo nga pamaagi sa agrikultura- Naglakip sa mga buhat nga misunod sa unang produksyon ug

una sa proseso- Aron pagsiguro sa usa ka luwas / maayo ug kalidad nga mga

produkto samtang usab sa pagminus sa negatibo nga epektosa niini nga mga buhat sa kinaiyahan ug panglawas sa mgatrabahante.

GAP CONCERN :Food safety ( luwas nga pagkaon )Quality is right ( maayo nga kalidad )Environment is protected

(protektahan ang kinaiyahan )Workers’ health, welfare and safety

( panglawas, kaayohan ugkaluwasan sa mga trabahante)

✓Chemical Hazards

✓Microbial Hazards

✓Physical Hazards

…anything that might be present in

harvested fruits and vegetables that

pose potential risk to human health:

CONCERN ON FOOD SAFETY

HAZARDS in Food

Physical, chemical or microbiological contaminants that may be present in food and that affects human health.

The hazard may cause human illness or death.

GROWER

PROCESSOR

DISTRIBUTOR

RETAILER

FOOD SERVICES

CONSUMER

The FOOD CHAIN

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Chemical Substances

• Pesticides (insecticide, fungicide)

• Heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium)

• Oxidizing agents (peroxide, sulfites)

• Naturally occurring substances (oxalic acid, hydrocyanic acid, phasin,

goitrin)

• Stress metabolites (solanin, isocoumarin, ipomeamarone,

aflatoxin/myxotoxins)

Pesticide Residues

• spraying more often than recommended

• using higher concentration than recommended

• use of “coctails”

• use of pesticide not recommended for the crop

• harvesting very close from application

• dipping crops in pesticide solution

Hazard Effect on

Human

Health

Source of

Contamination

• Pesticides poisoning/nerve disorder Chemical sprays for

insect, fungal and/or bacterial control

• Heavy metals poisoning Irrigation water, soil

• Oxidizing respiratory Anti-browning agents

agents disorder (oxalic acid, sulfites)

• Naturally poisoning fruits or vegetables

occurring

substances

• Stress metabolites poisoning/ microorganism or the fruit/

death vegetable in response to stress

Hazard Effect on

Human Health

Source of

Contamination

Naturally-occurring substances

• Oxalic Acid interferes with calcium absorption, naturally present inand metabolism, poor growth, slow spinach, rhubarbdevelopment of teeth and bones, leaves, kamias, formation of kidney stones balimbing,taro, corm/leaves,

chayote

• Phasin nausea, stomach pains, naturally present in

vomiting, diarrhea beans

circulatory collapse

• Goitrin goiter cabbage, cauliflower,

• Thiocyanate/ brussel sprouts, broccoli,

Isothiocyanate kale

•

MICROBIAL HAZARDS

•Pathogenic organisms that cause human

illnesses

Bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria,

campylobacter, typhoid, cholera)

Protozoa (Amoeba)

Virus (Hepatitis A)

Helminths (Ascaris)

MICROBIAL HAZARDS

Hazard Effect on

Human HealthSource of

Contamination

• Salmonella sp. diarrhea, abdominal pains, animal manure,

chills, fever, vomiting, dehydration Infected workers, water

• E. coli diarrhea, vomiting, shock, oral-fecal contamination,

• similar to cholera sewage, animal manure

•

• Listeria perinatal infection, animal manure, infected

monocytogenes septicemia, meningitis, food handlers,

meningoencephalitis, water

abortion

• Clostridium nausea, vomiting, soil, animal

botulinum dizziness, paralysis manure

double vision, death

• Hepatitis A virus fever, nausea oral-fecal

contamination,

water

HazardEffect on Human

Health

Source of

Contamination

Physical Hazards

•Glass

•Staple wire

•Pins

•Hair

Harvesting of ground plants during wet weather

Dirty harvesting and packing equipment

Dirty picking containers and packing materials

Stacking of dirty pallets, crates and bins on top of exposed produce

Sources of contamination

CONCERN ON QUALITY

Components of Quality:

• Visual attributes – color, shape, appearance

• Sensory attributes – taste, aroma, texture

• Nutritional / health & wellness attributes- Vitamins,

minerals, phytochemicals

• Wholesomeness – absence of HAZARDS that affect

human health (SAFETY)

concerns on Environment

Reasons why we should maintain the integrity of and not harm Mother earth:

◦ the only planet where we can survive.◦ Provides the resources to sustain life.◦ The only gift we can bequeath to people of

the next generations.

concerns on Workers’ Welfare

GAP advocates dignity of labor

Workers are human beings entitled to comfortable working conditions.

Workers provide the most important input (labor/services) in maintaining quality and safety assurance of produce.

BEFORE TRAINING

FROM NAIC, CAVITE

BEFORE STORAGE ROOM

AFTER TRAINING

WEAR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ( PPE )

FENCE

NO MATTER OF THE AREA

LABEL

WORKERS RESTING AREA

NURSERY

FARM

TOOLS

FERTILIZER

WELL ARRANGE

WASHING AREA

FARM OFFICE

RECORDS

LOGO /NAME OF THEFARM

FARM MAP

SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS

Prevention

is better

than

cure….