THE BEACH PROTECTION AUTHORITY OF QUEENSLAND

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ARISING FROM EXAMINATION OF

REPORT R 257 - 1970

BY

DELFT HYDRAULICS LABORATORY, NETHERLANDS

ENTlilED

GOLD COAST I QUEENSLAND I AUSTRALIA COASTAL EROSION AND RELATED PROBLEMS

Photo: GOLD COAST JUNE 1967

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. --,:...." lUP9B·:r~.DM':-;'.l:(W::l!'! 1'1lO.T.ECTIO:il.:.-AI)i.LUc.u,y_ 50, .iU) ON DELFT REPffiT R257-1S70 ----..

A summary of the Repor t and recommendations

entitled "The Delft Report on Coastal Engineering

Problems on the Gold Coast - An Introd\lction" has been

prepared by officers of Harbours and Marine Dep"rt::.ent

for the Authori ty and accompanies this repor t. (Appendix

A)

The Board has reviewed the rocommenda­

tions o:f the I:el:ft Hydraulics Laboratory Repor t and t!1e

estimated costs :for their implementation prepared by

officers of Harbours and Marine I:epartment :for the

Authori ty.

The work proposed in the Delft Reper t can be

regarded as falling into two categories, one :fundamentally

concerned with structures at the mouths o:f streams, and

the other wi th restoration and preservation of the

beaches, although these are inter-related. Chart 1

attached indicates the priori ties and order of vKlrks in

general terms.

Proposals :for the stabilisation i~ ~osioion

and depth o:f the entrances of Nerang River and Currc::.bl ..

Creek can be regarded primarily as co~sta1 engineerir.~

projects which have an influence on the stabilisation

of the beaches, whereas the rehabili tation and preserva­

tion o:f the beaches proper is considered to require

direct nourishment with sand.

It woUld seem that the two categories of

work, :from their general nature, would have to be finar.c­

ed from'different sources. That o:f the first mentioned

CQuld reasonably be regarded as mainly a government

responsibility, and o:f the second, a C-02:J. Coast Ci~y

Council responsibili ty. l<evertheless it would not lJe

:fUlly realistic to regard them as separate. For example,

stabilisation o:f Herang River Mouth would in turn

stabilise beaches on the Spit. Consideraole overall

economics will result if the initial programme includes

the work in both categories. For example, the estimated

CDS t of the :fir st mentioned category considered above

is $M11.4, and that of the second category ~iM19.6, whereas the v,ork in both categor1es carried out 1n a

single all-encompassing programme is estimated to cost

~27.9 (:for a 20 year period).

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The Board cons~ders the Delft Repor~

to be realistic and the recommendations sound.

It recognises that the works progrrunme pro­

posed will involve a high early capital cost and that

its financing will be difficult, -but it also considers

that postponement 0;: action would involve gambling wi th

the future of the Gold Coast beaches, the unknown factor

being the weather and sea oonditions which will be

experienced in the near future. There are insufficisut

his torical data available to establish statistic&l

values which would enable an accUl:'ate and quantitative , evaluation cf the risks involved were a programme

embodying a lesser rate of early capital expenditure

embarked upon.

The following quotation from the report is

considered to particularly apposit~:

" If the cos t of these works makes it impos sible

to oarry out such large scale beach imprcvements in

a short time, part of the works at least musy be

done immediately although, at' COUl'aO, in that case

the direct increase of' sat'e ty wi 11 be proportior.ately

Jess."

The programme of work proposed in the Delft

Report is shown in Chart 3 attached, on which estimated

costs of the work are also recorded.

The major works have been PtQgrammed to be

carried out over the first ten (10) years, but continued

pumping to overcome long-term erosion ef'fects and for

entrance by-passing, and maintenance of strUctures and

dunes will be essen tial. Expenditure would be nearly

$M20 in the ten year period, rial,ng to about ~M28 in a

twenty year period. Of this amo~~t, restoration and

msintennnee of the beaches by sand nourishment and dune

stabilisation are eXj;e eted to amount to CM13.5 in the

first five (5) years, *!.!15.4 in ten (10) years and

$M19.6 in twenty (20) years if work essential for the

restoration and maintenance of the beaches only is

oarried out, but slightly le ss if both eategories are

implemented.

The Boa.rd ,,10hes to point Qut that

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the boulder wall system, while giving a measure of pl>O­tection to pl'vper lIy, cot1.lil nevPY" be regarded as capable

of protecting the beaches in a form attractive to tourists

in the event of adverse weather conditions, the rev~rse

in fact being the case. The Laboratory says:

" AI. though the boulder walls proved useful for temporary protection, it is not probable that they

would wi thstand the Wave attack during a period of

heavy cyclones. The walls do not serve for beach

improvement; they even have a negative effect on

the natural restoration of the beaches in front of

them, due to increased turbulence as a result of the

reflection of the waves against the relatively

steep slopes of the walls.

Eventually the walls mus t be cm ered by sand,

especially because they lYere buil t on the very beaches

. where severe erosion occurred in the past and may

occur again. II

It. l:'IoCnybS t'l1e rxrlr~".-,;:tWl.·Y·s cont.r:>ntiOJl g,!.'n):r;.

in the folIowing quotation that there is no reasonable

a) t.:a>native to beach nourishment, and that wi thout it,

heavy damage will be encountered at some time in the

future, and this could be any year, and with no prelimin­

ary warning. The Laboratory says:

" Because of the touristic use of the beaches, s~up-o··IJi' gl'oynes at small distances will not be

acceptable. Besides, such const~uctione do not

influence the transverse tl>ansport, so that in this

case still 0 the I' action is necessary.

With a limited number of structures it takes a

long time before there is sufficient accret1Gn at some

distance from that Ht.ructure,.... To accelerate the

increase of the ],,':£.cll width l'\G some distance from a

structure, a se·",,,d one can be bull t south of the

first one after some time. Obviously, much time is

involved in this process, which means that no immed:.&to protection is obtained •

• ~ .. o ... oo ••••••• o· •••••••••• o ................. .

Taking into account all these considerations, it

will be clear that the most direct and 0 afest way of

protection is direct placement of sand in the areas

where sand is needed, Vlhi ch means almos t evenly

spread along the coast."

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RECOMMENDATIONS

As the minimum requireaent for early action

the Board recommends as folio VIS :-

1. THAT THB' DELFT REPORT AND THE ACTIONS RECOMiJENDBD

THEREIN BB ADOPTED BY THE AUTHORITY AND

THAT TOO -REPORT 21TH THIS RECOllYBl;'UU.TION BE

TRANSMITTBD-TO THE_GCVERNMENT. ALSQ,

THAT THE RECOMMENDATION INCWDE THAT THE REPCR T

BE REIEASED.

2. That immedi ate effort be made by the Authori ty. to S;O"

that an ini ti al programme of IV:> rk be approved and

implemented wi th a minimum of delay. These wor-ks

would include the following in the category of direot

beach protection:

(i) The nourishment of Greenmount and adjacent

beaches as recommended in the RepOl:' t and at

an estimated cost of ~],j1.1 over 20 years

(present day prices) - in this context, that

negotiations be opened at top level for

discussions with the appropriate Hew Soutl:..

Ylales authori ties to explore the means of

obtaining sand for the purpose from over t~3

Border.

(li) The primary nourishment of the beaches from

Burleigh to the Nereng Iliver mouth wi th

sufficient quanti ties to combat the long-term

erosion effects until the full programme

(arising out or the study ment!oned below) can

be implemented, together wi th the recommended

pl''Ie-reqnisj te of' construction of the inshore

(groyne) i, [,l'ucture ,,"t, the northern end of

the Spi'" This wor-1: :.8 "'.ltimated to cost ~)M1.5 (prel3':.j~·!~ day prices) :)\TG~" ti.·i"ee years. A

study bfJ immediately ins'!;i t,uted to ascertain

the feE.sible level of: expendi ture on major

nourishment restoration of these beaches and

a recommended programme resulting therefrom.

3. That in ~he category of: ro astal works appropriate

action be taken to initiate works as recommended

for the Herang River Mouth, the first steps being

to arrange as a matter of: urgency :for a model study

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to be made by the state Government, with Delft

Hydraulics Laboratory as consultants, and for working

plans to be prepared.

4. That the Department of Harbours and Marine be

requested to arl'tL'1ge for the incorporation in future

testing of Currw.bin Creek entrance model at the

University of Queensland of those recommendations

made on that problem in the Delft Report with a

view to determining the detailed layout of the

re quir ed training walls. In thi s con tex t, that the

Universi ty be advised that the Delft Report is

confidential until such time as Recommendation 1

above relating to release of the Repor t is realised.

To view charts refer to original document.

Could not be scanned as the file is size Ai

1 •

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APp]C,mIX A

The Delft Report on Coastal Engineering Problems on The Gold Coast - An Introduction

In 1964, the Co-ordinator-General's Department commissioned the Delft Hydraulics Laborat­ory, Netherlands, to examine the erosion problems of the beaches of the Ci ty of Gold Coa st and to recommend a programme of investigations.

Following the receipt of their report: "Queensland Coa etal Erosion

Recommendations for a Comprehensive Coastal Inve s tig a tion"

in 1965, extensive investigations were carried out by the Co-ordinator-General's Department along the lines suggested by the Laboratory. During the investigation l?"riod, close contact was maintained between officElrs of the Department and of the J,oh~",,,'''',,,,,.

In April, 1968, the Co-ordinator-General'p Department formally requested the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory to assist in the evaluation of the data collected ald to recommend solutions to certain engineering problems of the City of Gold Coast. The

Laboratory agreed to the request in October, 1968. Their findings were presented in 1970 in a report enti-tled:

"Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Coastal Erosion and Related Problems".

This reper t Vias prepared in two volwnes:

Volume I - Conclusions and Recommendations Volume II - Investigations - Part 1 Text and Tabl6c

Part 2 Figures.

3. Vol ume II contains a comprehensive summary, not only of the data colle cted by the Co­ordinator-General's Department in their investigation, but also information such as historical backgrou.'ld, physiography and geomorphology etc. obtained from other sources.

Volume II is the basis for the conclus-

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Following the eoming into force cf the

Beach Protection Act of 1968, responsibility for investigation of and recommending solutions to beach erosion problems was assumed by the Eeach Protection

Authori ty, and the Co-ordinator-Genera1' s Depal'tment contInued to provide engineering services to that Authori ty.

4. The coastal engineering problems on

5.

6.

which the Laboratory WaS requested to advise wel'e:

(a) The beach erosion. problem in general; (b) The beach erosion problem in particular areas; (c) The effect of the Tweed River training walls on

the Gold Coast beach regime and the over'-coming of any detrimental aspects of their effect;

(d) The stabilisation in position and depth of the Herang River entrance;

(e) The stabilisation of the entrance to Currumbin Creek, combined with the deepening of the Creek and development of a small craft marina;

(f) The stabilisation of The Spit, southport, with a view to utilising the area for recreational

purpos es.

The Laboratory considered the Gold Coast

as three semi-related sections, i.e. Pt. Danger to

Tugun, Currumbin to Tallebudgera, and Burleigh Heaolsnil +0 'Php Rvi t.

Each of the above six topics are dis­

cussed separately and in detail. However the prob-1ems, and any works which may be carried out on beaches wi thin each of the three sections, sre inter­

related, and. the programme of VI) rks recommended talces full cognisance of this fact. If some of the

recommended works are ~leted for any reason, sufficient background has been provided for local Engineers to determine a revised programme.

The basic solution of the erosion

problems given in this Report is a scheme of exten­sive sand nourishment combined wi th structlires at

Currumbin Creek Entrance and Nerang River Entrance.

Because of the touristic use of beaches, groups of

groynes at small distances are not acceptable. Besides, such structures do not influence the

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transverse transport of sand, So that in this case,

still other action woUld be necessary. The method of restoration adopted will ensure the preservation

of the Gold Coast's beauty and surf conditions for tourist use.

The recommendations of Volume I can be

summarised as:

( i) lni ti al pumping of 11 million cubi c yards of

sand to re s tore all beaches to a level at

which they shoUld be maintained, wi. th con­struction of groyne structures at The Spit and Currumbin.

The quanti ties given in the report are based on a maximisation of sand losses taking the

1967 Cyclone season as the design season. Quantities to be pumped are such that the present "normal" conditions would be the designed minimum conditions after a storm

season equivalent to that of 1967.

The source of the major portion of this sand

will be the Broadwater. A further consider­able amount shoUld acme from either the Tweed

River, Letitia Spit, or offshore from the Greenmount-Coolengatta area, the Tweed River

source being the most desirable of these alternatives. Other sources will be Currumbin

Creek and Tallebudgera Creek. Part of this sand nourishment must be used to reform dunes.

(ii) In addition to restorati~e pumping, continu­ing pumping of 500,000 CUbic yards each year to offset the long term erosion trend is

required, sources being the same &8 describeu

in (i)

Maintenance work to dune areaS by fencing r...'ld vegetation is also necessary.

(iii) Construction of training walls for the Nerang

River Entr!tlce will provide stabilisation of the entrance in position and depth.

(iv) Construction of training walls for the Currumbin Creek Entrance will make it accept­

able for the propos ed small boa t marina.

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Note: In both l!"~ts (iii) and (iv), the eo>nstructic:a of' training wallo mug+, qlR.P Qnt,Cl:ll cnna b;ir­

passing systems to ensure the stability of

beaches to the north of the entrances and to

maintain entrance channel depths. It is a

question of economy and policy whether some

erosion of South Stradbroke Island is accepted.

Serious erosion will weaken the co astal

pro tection han ever.

(v) It is advised that certain surveys are con­

tinued in order to determine the accuracy of

the predic ted effec ts, ano. to revise predio'"')G,

sand quantities.

ATTAPlIMENTS TO:

REPORT BY BEACH PROTECTION ADVlffiR Y BOA P.D -

OF DELFT REPORT R257-1970

The attachments are abridged versions of repar ts prepared for the Board, and which aided it in its deliberations. The ab ridging has been carried out wi th a view to making ret'erences etc. cont'orm to the Board's Report.

Attachment 1.

Attachment 2.

Attachment 2'

Comments on the Implementation of Recommendations contained in Delft Report

R257-1970.

Listings of Costs of Individual Projects.

Benefi ts accruing from Beach Nourishment

and Entrance Stabilization.

1 .0 Introduction

2.0 Sequence o,f Works

3.0 Priori ty of Works

ATTACHMENT 1

4.0 Beach Replenishment and Dune Stabilisation

5.0 Construction at River Entrances

6.0 Sources of Sand

7.0 Additional Works

8.0 Limitations of These Comments

1.0 Introduction

Volumes of sand required for ini tial bea"" replenishment, and for the offsetting of long term

erosion have been calculated. Apprcximate break­

water configurations, material quanti ties and

associ ated sand by-passing quanti ties for the

Nerang River and Currumbin Creek Entrances ha¥e

been calcula ted. Order of vo rles, priori ty of wo rks

and a time-table of works is suggested. Estimated

approximate costs of works, usjng Dresent daY

prices, have been calculated. The calculations,

estimates etc. are based on the premi se that all

recommendations in the Report are carried out in

full. These notes are the basis of Charts 1 and

3 in the Board's Report, eng SC~87 _ . ::.'.

included in this attachment.

2.0 Sequence of Works (Reference Volume I Section 3.6)

A simplified sequence of works is shown

on Chart 1 and the detailed sequence of works on

Chart 3.

2.1 Phase 1 On Oh.ar--(. :> :L t. OWl be seen that while

work takes place on construction or Boct-to.n oj

of the south wall at Nerang, simultaneously

the final shape of the entrance works will be

determined from a model study. Also sand

sources at the Broadwater, Tallebudgera,

Currumbin and Tweed River N.S.VI. can be

located and secured.

2.2 Phase 2

Replenishment of beaches and dunes

commences at the Spit and p)"Ogresses southward to Burleigh Heao p , ~. th~ same time replenish­ment of Greenmount Beach will commence. These two sections are the only two where large scale dredging equipment will be necessary. It can be arranged that all other "first off" and oontinuing pumpings will be able to be handled wi th medi um sized equipment wi th pump rates of about 2 million yds ./year.

Construction of the Currumbin Creek Entrance and associated replenishment of Pa).:J, Beach and Currumbin Beaches is commenced.

2.3 Phase 3 Constructioti of the Nerang River Entrance

is comple ted.

2.4 Phase 4 Construction of Currumbin Creek training

walls is comple ted.

It is not desi.l"'ab2.e (f'ro~ 00(,,1"1 engineer­

ing and financial as];8 cts) to build the breakwaters at the maximum pes sible rate of construction. It has been programmed that ooncbnwtion ot: the Nerang and Currumbin Entrance Works will be spread over several years, and with the Currumbin Creek North breakwater being constructed during a break in construction of the Nerang Entrance walls.

2.5 Phase 5 Replenishment of beaches from Coolangatta

Creek to Tugun. As this section will not commence for some time there will be ample opportunity to evaluate the feasibility of resuming beach front properties at Tugun in preference to beach replenishnent.

2.6 Phase 6 As soon as any""" rks are completed,

either entrance improvements or beach nourishment, pumping must continue.

While this is included here

as phase 6 it must be considered that the pumping must commence immediately after completion of the individual works e.g. at

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the Nerang Entrance, supply o~ sand to South

Stradbroke Island shou-1iI commence after con­

struction of Section 1 of the South wall. A

close watch on the Ial and will be requi red

to accurately determine commencement date or physical sand supply.

3.0 PrioritY of Works

The priori ty of \\Q rks is no t 00 mple tel y

detailed in Vol. 1 or the Report as the prioriti:3s

for works will to some extent depend on existing

beach condi tions at the time of s tart of works

and on the funds available. The order of prior-

i ties for works is not necessarily the same as the

sequence of works. AS the sequence of "prks is

governed mainly by the interaction of vari ous worl{s

on one another the first priority work may not

necessarily be the fir st section where work will

commence.

~r:L~a--.:l.-t.j"""" .....- iI.o"''''.l''ihp.d. on r.h~rt 1. It

should be noted that even if work on the Nerang

River Entrance and Currumbin Creek Entrance is not carried out it will still be necessary to con­

struct sections of the south wall in both instances

if beach replenishment is to be undertal<en on

nearby beaches •

.. To; warrant the presence of usable

beaches. end safety for the developments behind the

beaches, it will be necessary to improve the

beaches considerably, even if the resulting gradual

regression can be stopped. To achieve this,

extensive works, to be carried out in a short

p,enod, are recommended. If the cos t of these

I'prks mal<es it impossible to carry out such large­

scale beach improvements in a short time, part of

the y.orks at least must be done immediately,

although, of course, in that case the direct

increase or safety will be proportionately less."

Vol. 1 R257-1970 Para. 1.4.1.

4.0 Beach Replenishment and Duns Stabilisation

4.1 Order of Pumping

The general order of pumping to beaches

is shown on Chart 1 and the de taile d pro­

gramme on Chart 3, which lists sources and quantities of sand.

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Group 1 (see Chart 3) -After commencement 0:('. construction of

Section 1 of Nerang River Entrance South Wall,

pumping to the saddles on the dunes at The

Spi t can commence. This is I"ollowed by

pumping to be ache s from tile He rang Rive r to

Narrow Neck. The quantity or sand required

for this section is reduced by an allowance

for the accretion in the sand fillet on

the south side of the South Wall. On COffi-

pIe tion of this section, pumping will continue

southwards to South Nobby Headland. This

total pump is for 10,740,000 cu. yds. and w:.:'.: require large dredges if it is to be completec

in a short period of time. This discharge

line. is a maximwn of 8 miles in length 8.01d

thus it is considered that the reple nishment

of Burleigh to South Nobby Headlend could

best be done using Tallebudgera Creek as the

sand source. This sand source is limited to

relatively small quantities.

(,,"UP 2 -Fbllowing the securing of a sand source

(assumed to be the Tweed River) p'umping to Greenmount will commence. It is not considered

necessary to pump to all beaches between Pt.

Danger and Coolangatta Creek, only Greenmount

Hill to Kirra Hill. As the amount of sand

pwnped to this beach at anyone time should no~

be too great, three pumpings at 3 year

intervals have been planned. It is expected

that natural replenishment of Rainbow Bay

and Kirra will occur from the sand pumped to

Coolangatta Beach. This arrangement will

allow regular surveys to be carried out to

oheck the accuracy and necessi ty of replacing

the 2.2 million cu. yls. withheld from these

beaches by the Tweed Walls.

The full 2.2 million cu. yds. will be

'placed on these beaches by year 17.

Group 3 -After construction of the connecting

wall anll wet,. Mction from the Mainland to Currumbin Rock, pumping to the Oe&~,00

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between Plat Rock Greel> ,pncl Gurrumbin Creek, and Palm Beach can ~ommence. This involves pwuDing 1.79 million cu. yds. from Surrur,;bin Greek. The "",mal continuous pumping for Palm Beach has been reduced from 70,000 cu. yds./yea'r to 50,000 cu.. yds./year (Vol. 'I

J)C1Yl""_ 3 .. 5 .. 5). TlJ.1S modification will l:av"e to be cont'irmed before the second maintenance pumping at year 11.

GroUp 4-Replenishment cf beaches between Goolan~

gatta Greek and Fla t Rock Greek can be carriad out immediately prior to the 2nd pumping to Goolangatta Beach, thus utilising the same dredging equipment.

A summary of initial and continuing sand

quanti ties is shown in Table I.

TABLE I

~ Goolangatta Gk.

Initial Rest~~ 500,000 c,jil.yd.

~ Fla t IDe. Ok. (length 2.8 miles)

Fl£I t Bl<. Gk. ~ GUrrumbin Gk. (length 0.9 mile)

Pl'lm Beach ~length 2.5 miTes)

Burleigh - 8th. Nobby (length 1 mile).

250,000 eu.yd.

800,000 cu.yd.

500,000 eu.yd.

8th. Nobby -Narrow Neck (leng;th 6 mile s )

4,611,000 cu.yd.

Narrow Neck - 2,91 8,000 cu.yd. Nerang R. (length 3.8 miles)

Greenmount 1,350,000 cu.yd. Danger Point­Ooolangatta Ok. (length 1.5 miles)

TOTAL (Length 18.5 miles)

10,929,000 cu.yd.

Mnuf,l Continuous Fumuin.g

50,000 eu.yd./yr.

24,000 eu.yd./yr.

50,000 cu.yd./yr.

32,000 eu.yd./yr.

194,000 cu.yd.!yr.

123,000 cu.yd./yr.

8,900 eu.yd.!yr.

481,900 cu.yd.!yr.

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4.2 Dredgipg Costs These are estimated at /.jOe/eu.yd. basic

cost for discharge up to 6,000 ft., and \"Ii th

an additional cost of 15c/cu.yd. for each

additonal 5,000 ft. of discharge line and

associated booster pump.

for s and is $1 .45/cu.yd.

The maximum cos t at NObby's Beach

where seven boosters are required.

It may be more economic to purchase a

tract of land west of Nobby's Beach and pump

from that source, leaving a lake connected to

the proposed canal system in that area. It

is likely that suitable sand oouJd be locatud

in this inland area. The estimate of

40c/cu.yd. is based on a 24 hour pumping day.

4.3 Continuing Pumpi!l!; Vii th the exception of the ini tisl

pumpings to the beac.l}es between Pt. Danger

and Flat Rock Creek, all continuing pumping8

are bssed on a 10 year cycle.

4.4 Pumping Rates I t is mos t desirable that the time taken

to supply sand to the beaches is kept to as

short as pos sible. The maximum use of night Ill1IDDi ng. va 11 roi ni mi. f;A :i ru>ru\vG'oni.pnl1p. to '}:t;::. :=t.oh

users. It is expected that localised dis­

colouration of the water will occur a t dis­

charge points. Thus it is rem lllJIlended that

pumping rates in excess of 10 million cu.yds./

year be maintained for the initial pumpings

for the Nerang River to South NobbY Headland

beaches, and better than 2 million cu.yds/year

for the other beach nourishment proj9 cts.

Fbr the sand by-passing systems con­

tinuous dredging could be considered as it is

expeoted that clean sood will be pumped and

li ttle water disoolourstion will occur.

4.5 Dune Stabilisation

On all beaches establishment of a dune

to RL20.00 on State Datum by the initial

pumping of sand is necessary. After allowing

six months for salt oontent in the fill to

reaoh an aoceptable level, fenCing, planting

~ I ••

and fertilising of the dunes will be carried

out. The fertilising will be spread over

18 months.

No dune work is programmed for South

Stradbroke Island.

5.0 Construction at River Entrances

5.1 Nerang River Entrance

The first stage of the Nerang ~iver

Entrance, Section 1 of the south wall, is

approximately 10 chains long perpendicular to

the bench and flr:ts .,pt!lmRl"t.l.y f\~ a gl~oyne.

This secticn is estimated to cost t\250,000.

DUring this construction, a model study

must be done to determine the best layout for

the remaining sections of the walls for the

purpose of training the entrance.

Two years after commencing construction

of the groyne section model results, designs

and tendering for the remainder of the wall

should be compJe ted so that further con­

struotion may commence at the beginning of

year 3.

The model study will show the urgency

for beginning the Nor th wall from Stradbroke

Island. Designs and tendering for this W) rk

should be compJe ted by the end of year 3.

The cost of .the North and South walls is

estimated to be 01,000,000 each. Erosion

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prevention revetment work j.1)~d1e the ent:.'ance is estim,::l+Q>3. qt. ~ -£,t.'(.rti.h...:).~ $100,0000 Also,

there is 0.5-1% probabili ty th"t maintenance

costs or $60,000 will occur in anyone year.

Cos t of sand by-passing using a dredge

in the deposi tion area is estimated at 40c/yd.

(b)

If the offshore breakWater design is adoD+.e>d, total ('leo t i.e oot.imat;o-d -a. t. ~7,800,Cr,1)

with 0.5-1% probability of ;{)225,000 mainten­

ance in anyone year.

Cost of by-passing sand using a land­

based dredge is not available at this stage.

5.2 Currumbin Creek Entrance

AI' I~"~ '(9" i I : .. ~~"Weir ~"Ltll-'f1 '''1 {<.~, fen

/1 Ifj \~~-} fjl',' ""-. (""'~hl" '2>~,.".\y-<",,~.\-. .--c; / 1/ IF J ~)L ~. J-----

I'M", ~ \ I-I ) ~(h I \ ""

----=---\- \ \ ~ \ "\' ~rl~Q~

At the beginning of year 2 (see Chart 3)

work should ccmmence on the South wall complex.

First to be constructed is the section between

the mainland and Currumbin Rock. Other

sec tions seaward of the Rock snd wi thin the

entrance are to be completed by th~ end of year '.

-9-

Cnnq ... .-..,qtit'l)"l.. of thp North weJ.l 3hould cvmrocnoe at year 4.5 (SOQ Chart 3).

Total cost of the entrance is estimated

at $1,500,000 of which $250,000 for the weir

section is of' primary priori ty for beach

restoration works.

There is 0.5-1% probability of ~)30,000

maintenance in anyone year.

5.3 Maintenance to Structures Fbr costing purposes an annual maintenar.ce

expendi ture has been allowed. The total

maintenance costs are estimated to be required in ally one yesu> with a probabili ty 0"£ 1J{.

Fbr estimating purpos es an annual maintenance

of' 1% of the total maintenance cost is allowed

each year. It is probable that 10~ of' the

maintenance costs could be required in any

one year.

5.4 Timing of Construction

It is impor tan t the t the fir s t stages 01'

construction of the walls commence when

specified as these act as integral phases of

the beach restoration programme. Extension of

the walls for river entrance stabilisation may

occur slowly so that expenditure in any year

is not excessive.

6.0 Sources of Sand (Exclusive of By-passing)

From Chart 3 the total volumes of clean sand

required from the various sources in the 20 years

conside red are:-

Broadwater 14,790,000 cu. yds.

Currumbin Creek 2,030 ,000 cu. yds.

Tallebudgera Creek 1,140,000 cu. yds.

Tweed River N.S.W. 4,120,000 cu. yds.

The first priori ty is to lcc ate sui table

areas of the streams where this s and may be

obtained l and to secure these areas as II reserved for future beach nourishment" •

I t may be necessary to carry out a am all

pilot dredging operation, or observe a dredging

operation in the Tweed River, to determine approx-

imate dredge bole int'i.ll .""tes bot'o"" the large cc~le be.Qch reSJ-tor>.ati.Dn. .pumrd·~a .... ...o1Jlll}ences at

Greenmoun t.

The required volumes should be available

from the various sources, provided it is reserved

strictly for use on besch restoration works.

After this ini tial 20 year peri od a total

of about 480,000 yds. will be required each and

every year for protection of beaches against long

term erosion.

i.e. Broadwater 317 ,000 yds/year Currumbin Creek 74,000 yds/year

Tallebudgera Creek 32,000 yds/year

Tweed River N.S.W. 59,000yds/year

"7.0 Addi tiQnal Works

On chart 3 the following additional costs

are included:-

(a) In the first two years: Further

investigations, model work

(Nerang Entrance) and proving

of sand sources $100,000

(b). Surveys $ 50,000/year

8.0 Limi ta tioillL.9f..j;hes/LQQmmen ts 8.1 All sand quanti ties quot~ Ah"""<1 r~ '!"-'- &"

reliable, being all based on figures quoted

in Vol. 1 of R257-1970. The Charts 1 and 3

are compiled on the assumption that all works

as recommended in the Repor t will be carried

out. If some sand pumping, or breakwater

construction is deleted, recalculation of

sand quantities will be necessary.

8.2 QUanti ties for materials in the break-

waters are approximate only, as exact wall

dimensions and shape will not be determined

until the model studies are comple te.

8.3 Estimated costs are calculated on 1970

prices. i.e. costs at' all works are the cos ts

of works if the works were carried out today.

No interest f'igures, inf'lation coef'f'icients

etc. were considered. Cos ts of' breakwater

construction were estimated by comparison

wi th cons truction cos ts c£ Tweed Walls and

Gold Ccast Boulder Walls. Detailed construc­

tion Ire thods f'or weir sections, of'f'shore

breakwaters and transporting mnterials across

the Broadwater have not been considered.

8.4 Estimated costs of' pumping sand are approx-

imate only, as coo ts depend on many f'c.ctors

other than discharge line length fu,d yardage,

not the least being the dredges available i;,

Australian waters at the time of' calling te;:de'

and the .Commonweal th Gov ernment condi tiona

on bringing in f'o~eign dredges. Plli~ping costs

are on the assumption that the sources of' sand,

as specif'ied in Section 6, are available.

8.5 No consideration of' pumping f'rom of'f'shore

sources Vias given as with existing equipment,

these pumping costs f'ar exceed costs of'

conventional dredging. If' of'f'shore mining is

commenced then it may be f'easible if' sand .c:rt.ill

size is suitable, to purchase the silioa sand

tailings f'rom this operation f'or placement

on the beach.

8.6 The start of' Vlorks as year zero is taken

as the datum f'or Chart 3. This year zero

could be January 1, 1972. This would allow

documentation of' Section 1 of' Nerang River

South Wall to be comp1e ted. It would also

allow slightly more than 18 months f'or

model investigations.

-----*"''',*-----

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Ul I I 0 I 'i---u Ii ; v I I / 0 /! Vi 1

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71----1 I

.. ; f- .. ! -- .- •• l----..

i I

·1

6 ,

I i

I i 5

, .. ' -- .. 1-

r 1--" . 1---. __ ~'r~ du:rin~ ye~r. 4

J~ I 3

~ 2

,lE,~ ~~ ·"Jl'\-'\~n~lE.~ 1 I-

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

COSTS/YEAR YEARS CUMULATIVE COSTS

II Initial Costs - Alternat ive A. Initial Costs - Alternative A. l\\ll "Total Costs - Alternotive 't{. ------"rotal Costs - Alternat ive X.

NOTE:* Tatol ~ Initial + maintenance + further investigations etc.

Appendix to report prepared by Beach Protection Advisory Board Of! Delft Report, R 257-1970

SC 887A

ATTACHMENT 2

The following data sheets are included:

I Sununary of Individual Pro j'! c t Cos ts.

II Total Estimated Cos ts of -

(a) Entrance Stabiil.sati01l only

(b) Beach Stabilisation only Taken as two unrela ted projects..

III Estimated cos ts of Necessary Warks - Coolangatta-

Pt. Danger.

IV Estimated 00 st at' Groyne, Dune Works at Spi t

and Limited Pumping to Beadles, Nerang River

to Burleigh Heads.

SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECT COSTS - TAKEN FROM CliJillT 3 1970 pm CES IN DOLLARS

PROJECT IN! TIicL COS TS CONTINUING COSTS*

1. Breakwaters

(a) Nerang River Entrance (including

reve tmen ts) 2,100,000 9,750 (b) Currumbin Creek Entrarce 1,500,000 $ 3,600,000 5,250. * 15,000

29 Sand By-passing Nerang -. 5,040,000 Currumbin - 1,920,000 $ 6,960,000

3. Sand Pumping

Nerang River - Narrow Neck 1,298,684 839,396 Narrow Neck - South Nobby Headland 4,945,000 4,171,000 South Nobby Headland - Burleigh Hoad!" 275,000 352,000 Palm Beach 46y"OOO 580,000 Currumbin Creek - Flat Rock Creek 100,000 192,000 Flat Rock Creelc - Coolan:;atta Creek 419,643 1,007,141 Coolangatta Creek - Pt. Danger 872,000 $ 8,374,327 96,000 $ 7,237,537

.. -

SUB-TOTALS

3,615,000 $ 3615,000 I

6,960,000 $10~75,000

15,611,864 ~)26 ,15 ,864

PROJECT I INITIAL COSTS I

CONTINUING COSTS" SUB-TOTAL

I

4. Dttne Stabilisation I

Nerang River -Narrow Neck 60,000 I .

Narrow Neck - South Nobby Headland 96,000

South Nobby Headland - Burl~igh 16,000

Palm Beach 40,000 Currurnbin Creek - Fla t Rock Creek 14,400 Flat Rock Creek - Cool~~gatta Creek 44,800 Coolangatta Creek - Pt. Danger 24,000 ~) 296,QOO ) $ 277,500 573,500 $26,760,364

5. Miscellaneous l.\ode]Jl 100,000 -Surveys - 1,000,000 Speci al Dredging - 4~ 100,Oeo 15,000 $ 1,015,000 1,115,000 $27,875,364

I --:

I $12,370,:'1:7 $15,505,037 $27,875,364 ~~27 ,875,364 , I - o·

'. Continuing Costs: Include, continuing pumping, sand by-pass'ng, maintenance o:f works, and surveys.

( a) (b)

TOTAL .lli2TI:.:A~~D_.QCS.TS..ill:' EN'TR/J.lCE STABILISATIQN IN DEPTH ],1':) r,xn~=:"

SEACH STABIU&l.ATION. . TAKEn AS TWO UNRELATED PROJECTS

All estimated costs are at 1970 figures.

Cos ts for each proje ct are estimated assuming the other project is not done.

Xl

Cos t totals are calcula ted from est!. mates on Chart 3 and are totals for the 20 year period. Limitatio~s on accuracy of cost estimates are as for Chart 3 estimates.

(a) Costs for Stabilisation of River Entrances On1U

This excludes costs of works within the entrances such as construction of Marinas etc.

Cos ts are listed:

Nerang River Walls The Spit - Stabilisation

&: maintenance Sand by-passing Models and Investigations Maintenance to Walls Revetments Spec:f.n1 n~o.;l5j.~'1gtl

SUb-Total CurrUlIlbin Creek

Walls Maintenance to Walls Sand by-passing Special Dredging

SUb-Total Surveys at ~10,000/yr.

Sub-Total

Total

2,000,000

275,000 5,040,000

70 ,000

9,750 100,000

1,500,000

5,250 2,160,000

5,000

200,000

$ 7,504,750

$ 3,670,250

(y200,000

$1'l,375,OCO

..

-2-

(b) Baach Stabilisation

The basic figures, and timetable and costs, are taken

from Chart 3. Additional cos ts are also incurred in

several instances, e.g. some by-passing of sand will

be required at both Nerang and Currumbin, in addition

to the beach nourishment. The by-passing will be for a

limited period only. It is assumed that 600,000 yards

will be by-passed at CUrrumbin, all in the first 5

years. It is assumed that 4,445,000 yards will be

by-passed at Nerang, one half of this in the first 5

years and the remainder in the neAt 5 years.

I ,

I I I

-3-

-----------~----~~~--------~~----~-' ESTIMATED COST I~l $ (1970 PRICES) PROJIDJT

Ini tial Cos ts

Groynes (Currumbin & Nerang)

Reve tmen ts (Nerang)

Further Investigations

Dune Stabilisation

Sand Pumping -Nerang R. - Narrow Heck

Narrow Neck - Sth. NobbY

Sth. Nobby - Burleigh

Palm Beach

In First 5 Years

500,000 50,000

30,000 279,200

1,298,684 4,945,000

275,000 464,000

In First 10 Years

500,000 50,000

30,000 296,000

1,298,684 4,945,000

275,000 464,000

In ]lirst : 20 Years

500,000 50,000

30,000

296 ,00°1

1 ,298,6b!,: i I 4,945,000 -I

275,.)00

464,000 Curro Ck. - Flat Rk. Ck. 100,000 100,000 100,COO

419,643 Flat Rk~ Ck. - Coolangatta Ck. 419,643 419,643 Coolangatta Ck. - Pt. Danger 464,000 668,000 872,000

~tont,j DUi..ng cos ts Maintenance of: Groynes -Nerang (incl. revetments)

Currumbin

Surveys

Sand By-passing -Nerang

CUrrumbin

Dune Repai rs

Sand FUmping -Ne rang R. - NarroVi Neck

Narrow Neck - Sth. HobbY

Sth. Nobby - Burleigh Heads

Palm Beach

Curro Ck. - FIa t _R!e. Ck.

Flat Rk. Ck. -, C'gatta Ck.

Coolangatta Ck. - Pt. Danger

Sub-Totel

Total

/-c------ --------- ---$ 8,825,527 \/ 9,046,327 ij 9,250,3:::; ;

500

333 200,000 400,000

889,000 1,778,000 240,000

527,370 2,085,500

176 ,000

240,000 92,500

527,370 2,085,500

176 ,000

1 5-J , l"v I

1,OCL

800,oeo

1 ,778,000 240,000

277,500

839,396 4,171,000

352,00e 290,000 290,000 580,000

96,000 96,000 192,000

167,857 587,499 1,007,14-1

24,000 60,000 95,000!

if 4,695,727 $ 6,333,702 i $10,335,5371

$13,521,254 $15,380,029 I $19,585~64! J .!

ESTIMATED COOT OF NECESSARY WORKS DURING 20 YEAJl!l: FOR_:eT ... DANG'RR " CC.0~I!i\fGATTlL...9.nE:&l).

1.0 These calculations are based on the fieures on

Chart 3.

2.0 Initial Cos ts

2.1 Investigations (say 10% of total)

for location and proving of

sand sources

2.2 S.and Pumping

2.3 Dune Stabilisation

Total

3.0 Continuing.Costs

Continuing costs are those expended

during the 20 years considered on

Chart 3

3.1 Sand Pumping.

After pumping at year 7 continuous pumping will be

on a 10 year cycle. i.e. the

next pumping after year 17

would be at year 27

Dune Stabilisation MaintenaHce

3.3 Surveys (say 10% of $50,000 per year)

20 year TOTAL

$ 10,000

$872,000

$ 24,000

$906,000

~ 96,000

$ 13,500

$100,000

$209,500

$1,115,000

lIT

.

. ,;.

E~TTIiATED EXPENDITURE IN $A < •• CA!!! 1970 PRICES)

ExP..'!pci t tlll~'L. \>y ye aI's,

for Pt. Danger to Coolangatta Cr~

Year

1 2

3

4

5

6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15

16

17 18

19 20

TOTAL

Note:

Cos t/year . Cumula ti ve Cos t

15,000 15,000

293,000 308,000

24,500 332,500

9,500 342,000 I 205,000 547,000 I

5,900 552,900

5,900 558,800

245,900 804,700

5,900 810,600

5,900 816,500

5,900 822,400

5,900 828,300 .

~,9DO 034,200

5,900 840,100

5,900 846,000

5,900 851,900

5,900 857,800

245,900 1,1 03,700

-5,900 1,109,600

5,900 1,115,500

f-~1 ,115,500 J1,115,500

I , ~

All pumping is to Greenmount - Coolangatta

Beach.

ESTI].!!<.;rED COST~"r """.L,",". DUNE ';lOFKS AT THE SPIT MID LIMITED PUMPING TO BEACHES, i'TERANG RIVER

TO BURLEIGH HEF~S

Cost of Works for first three (3) years.

No maintenance provision for any works is included.

Dune stabilisation of the beaches, Nerang River to

Burleigh Heads (with the exception of the Sp1 t) wi 11

not commence until after the large ini tial pumping

1s completed.

1 • Grolme

Estimated cos t of the Groyne. No main tenElnCG -o<:c -to a.L'e 11l.V v.i. de 0.

2. Reve~ments

Estimated cost of revetment works

for the Spit is 050,000. These

revetments are necessary to ensure stability of the Groyne. No

allowance has been made for

revetment works on South Stradbroke

Island.

Filling of the Saddle s, The Spi t

4. Stabilisation of the Dunes,

at the Spit only.

6.

No maintenance of dunes is required J.u bld.a po%'ind

Surveys and Investigations

$25,000/year

Pumping to Beaches, Nerang River

to Burleigh Heads to offset 3

years long term erosion (to

maintain status quo)

Three Year TOTAL

~ 290,OGJ

$ 50,000

$ 200,000

40,000

$ 75,000

$ 900,000

$1,515,000

ATTACHHENT 3

Quali tati ve Id~lL9;L.]mportance. of J.;r~d.amag~ i<L .1!t? Economy o:f the Region

The following extracts from "Gold. Coast Urban Region

Strategic Plan 1970-1990" by Council of the City of Gold Coast assisted by Clarke, Gazzard and Partners are pertinent, and give

a qualitative idea of the 1967 events' effect.

"The situation faced by the Council of the City of Gold Coast,

:following the 1967 Local Government elections, has been a critioal one. The Council \vas confronted, fil-st, by the

beach erosion crisis - since, apparently, brought under control at great capital cost. This crisis had severe,

although temporary, effects on the economic base of the

Region - the holiday. and touris t indus try."

It goes on to say:

"Comprehensive planning and/or co-ordine-ted financing techniques for the following regional public systems

and facilities are now needed:-

........... ,. ... . . . . .. . ............................... . (~) A regional system of flood mitigation, drainage and

canal works, erosion and siltation concr01s and

harbour facilities, together with provisions for the financing of these."

A final quotation:

"Unless the natural amenityof the coastline and the river and creek systems is protected, people will not continue to flock

so happily to the Gold Coast Region, and its economic base \'Iill be weakened."

This last quotati. on Ls \)nQq~:l;i:......-voet1. .;I.:u· -reJ,:-a-b:Lr'--€)_ +..f:lp­

economy of the area to the continuing ensured safety of the

coastline.

A telephone enquiry of Hr. A. Stenders of Clarke, Gazzard and Partners resulted in his informing the Vlri tel- that

the firm had no detailed figtITGS \'Ihich could be used to quantify

these statements.

Damage Occasioned by 1967 blrents

The darnage occasioned by the 1967 events are a

reliable indication of the tangible benefit which \'Iould be conferred on the area \'Iere the nourishment proposals proceeded with.

(i) (ii)

(iii)

-2-

The damage costs fall into tirreecategories

Damage to public property Damage to private property Loss of revenue to the community caused by the public reaction to the events rosultin~ in fewer tourists visiting the area in the post-June 1967 per·iod.

(i) Immediate damage to public property during the severe

storm of 27th/28th June 1967 lias estimated at SHO.6 (See: "Erosion of Gold Coast Beaches, 1967" by B.L. ~\cGrath Jour. I.E. Aust. July-August 1968).

Damage (to actual development) in eat'lier storms that year was less.

Thus a figure of $MO. 75 is adopted as the dar,lage to

pul)lic property.

(ii) No figures are available for damage to private property. However the proportion of the length of beach most serioccsly

affected backed by private development is greater t~"'n the proportion backed b.1' public development. Thus an assumpti en

of an equivalent amount of dana:<;e to (1) above seems

justifiable.

(iii) The Gold Coast City Council, throug.'1 ths jl]ayor and City

Engineer, supplied their estiwates of gross loss of revenue

to the local cownunity due to the events in question. Of

course, one cannot say for sure that the falling off in tourist numbers after June 1967 ~/aS due solely to the

erosion scare and bad press, but no other factors, apart

from the western Que ens land drought, spring easily to mind

as likely causes.

The Council estimate, supplied by phone, is as follo\ls:

Total value of tourlst trade to the area if e.ll

accommodation fully utilized throughout whole year, Le. a 100% occupancy rate, b $H80 (for conditions immediately pre-1967).

Occupancy rate in normal year is 80% - val,,? $1164.

OC~upancy rate in year June 1967-June 1968 fell to

45% - value $M36.

Thus loss in year subsequent to erosion compared to

normal year is $M28. Assume that 701> Le. $1120, of this is attributable to erosion damage.

-3-

The figures of course are not too firmly based except the

45% occupancy value. Air traffic fi&;ures fell also in

the year succeeding June 1967, but increased by 220 the

next year, 37)1, the following and by last year \lere 72%

of the 1967-68 year values .

. Because of the growth rate of the area - populati on

increase 8.81; compound and general development 10-15;_ per annum compound - cos'cs of a similar occurrence with

similar public reacti on novl would be of the order of

$/126. However a second repetition in the near future of

the damage of 1967 might have a more serious and more

lasting effect on public reaction by giving the Gold Coast

a "reputation for erosion disasters" and shaking public

investment and tourism confidence e.g. witness the effect

of even the '\,;eather Bureau publicity re cyclones on tOl.;\:rism

in the Barrier Reef Islands.

Updating the costs of actual damage to public and private

property to to-day's values, the repetition of 1967 events

on the Gold Coast in 1971 could cause a loss of $1'128 to the community, beina $lIi? FI"+'l1,,,l (l~mp(to ..... ~a ¢J>!I:O.(: .f ..... r",~ .... ~~i~l .1A ......

u£ 'tUrnover. Even if the latter figure is "inflated", the

loss will be considerable.

Damage to Various Areas of the Coast

Information to split the above amounts as applicable to

various areas of the coast is not available. HOliever it is

reasonable to assume, because of developmen":; patterns, that

more than half the above $H28 would apply to the area north

frOM Burleigh.

Dama~e to Business in Coolangatta Region due to Loss of Greenmount and Kirra Beaches

In response to a telephone request, the Yresident of

Coolangatta Chamber of ComDlerce }.Jr. T. ilatt supplied the

following information:

"The writer has made a survey among a select~on of business

proprietors in Coolangatta in e.n effort to determine the

extent to which businesses have been affected by reason of

the loss of beach at Coolangatta.

It is most evident that the loss of the beach has had a

serious effect on the takings of almost all bClslnesses in the town. Those busine.sses l;hich are nearest to the beach

are the worst affected ru1d the effect seems to reduce on a

sliding scale as the distance from the beach increases.

-4-

Certainly thQ loss in money w,"m'~ hI=> 0. ~,~8ry considerable sum, but th" Wrj tar f.p',,1 ~ no Ivould be ur.able to give any accurate figure.

The proprietors estimate the loss of business Vlhich they

attribute to the lack of beach to be "50% or more" for beach front kiosks, "at least 25,;" for beach front hotels and 25% for milk bars and the li){e in the main shopping

area. All business oVlners intervieVled by the writer

indicated that there had been a loss in takings.

It seems more than reasonable to accept that the lack of the beach is the reason for these losses in income particularly when one con sid ers that GreenIilount Beach, for

example, used to accoJllifrodate 3,000/4,000 people on a normal day in holidays or at week-ends, Vlhereas now there would be insufficient beach for 300/400.

The whole economy of this tOl'iIl depends on tourists and most tourists come to the town with the idea of spending their time on the beach. It is obvious that so long as Ice have no beach our tourist numbex's Vlill be greatly reduced and the prosperity of the tovm adversely affected.

Yours faithfully,

COOLAHGATTA OHAN-"2R (\" <;Oi~P' :t;. (Sgd.) T.J. 'ilatt.

22nd January, 1971."

Detailed figures are available for one Coolangatta

business - the G.A. Robinson NSl-lSagency. Gross turnover has

increased each year since 1947/48, except 1967/68. Fi~!res

for the last fel'l years are:

Financial Year

1963/64

1964/65 1965/66

1966/67

1967/68 1968/69 1 Of-.".?J' fU

% Increa,fH;L.c'U.9·'· l)c.d"ase (-) rp1:a ti ve .to preceding year

+4.5 +18.8

+15.4 +0.8

+4.2

+7.5

Sales of such a business arc related to "eathe::- as well as the number of tourists in the s.rea, but tuo facts are apparent, the drop-off in business in 1967/68 and the failure

of growth rates in latter years to reach those rates of pre-1967, probably due to the lack of beach in the Greenrl0uLt-Xirra Area.

/

I

-.5-

Unimproved Value o~ Land. Oity or Gold Coast

At the last major re-evaluation or land within the city, June 1965, the total unimproved real-property valuation

was $M88+.

In particular areas, val uations are as rollows: Mal.nBeach -$1.1 1.8

Surfers Paradise 27.0 Broadbeach 4.0 Mermaid Beach 4.5 North Burleigh 2.5 Burleigh 7.5 Palm Beach 3.5 Currurnbin 4.5 Bilinga 2.0 Coolangatta 10.0

Total $M67.3

being 7;1%± o~ the total Oi ty vaLuation (which includes Southpcr t

WId the Islands Capri and Chevron).

A A new valuation is in progress and is expected to be

comp1e ted in June this year. Values overall are certain tc r'LL.

A Senior 'Illaluer rrom Valuer-General t s Orfice inrormed the writer that, rcr example, Sur.Cers Paradise valuations would

rise by about 50f'0, but areas such as. Palm Beach would rise by

a lesser percentage. Assuming that, for the coastal areas listed above, valuations will increase by 20% on the average, the total present unimproved valuation or coastal areas listed

is $1.180.8, of which $1.156.8 or 70% is north or Burleigh.

Val ue or Improvemen ts

No detailed estimate o~ the value or property on the

Gold Coast is possible in the time available. However the

Editorial or The Gold Coast BuHetin of' 21/1/71 S'lYS that buildings approvals ror the period 1961-70 totalled $M162. This being the case, it would seem l:'easonable to double this rigure ror the total value or buiMings in the area = $11324.

Assuming bui~dlngs values split in the same ratio as unimproved property values, the value or buildings in the

coastal strip mentioned above 1s 324 x 7;1% '" #M243, or which 70% us assumed to be north or Burleigh.

-9-

The amounts quoted above are in the nature of

preliminary estimates only and require more detailed checkil'.g

and analysis before being accepted as accurate. In ·elle present

form they give an idea as to the order only.