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GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
EEA plans and global activity plansEEA plans and global activity plans
Markus ErhardMarkus Erhard
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
LC/LU data in EEA’s new strategy (1)• Kopernikus (ex GMES) land monitoring services
support the development of core servicescoordinate in-situ component – facilitate data procurement
• CORINE 2006 and high resolution soil sealinganalysis of land-cover/-use changes and environmental impacts (e.g. fragmentation)
• GEO-GEOSS, GlobCover, GlobCorineEuropean – global interaction, environmental change, Conventions (UNFCCC, CBD,…), ‘beyond GDP’, ‘ecological footprint’
• Water and ecosystem accountsGlobal standards for UN-Environmental Accounting framework (UN, ESTAT, national statistical offices) – focus on land
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Kopernikus Land Monitoring ServiceFTSP product portfolio
1. European snapshot based on ortho-rectified satellite imagery (referred to as IMAGE2006);
2. Corine land cover changes 2000-2006;3. Corine land cover map 2006 (referred to as
CLC2006);4. High resolution built-up areas including degree of
soil sealing 2006;5. High resolution forest layer 2006.
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Downstream information needsEU Policy and legal framework information requirement
Water Framework directive Characterization of river catchment areas, prevention of groundwater pollution from diffuse and local soil contamination
Community Biodiversity Strategy, Habitats directive, 2010 target, environmental accounting
Designated areas and habitats, change in ecosystems, fragmentation
Common Agriculture Policy (agri-environmental Regulation; CAP evaluations)
Landscape diversity and management, agriculture habitats, mapping rural area
Community Structural Policies (European Spatial Development Perspective –Territorial Cohesion)
Natural assets, land use conflicts, physical planning, territorial development
European Thematic Strategies on Urban Environment and sustainable land use, Soil protection
Urban sprawl, rural-urban relationships, soil sealing, soil erosion,
… …
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
‘‘The The ChangingChanging Face of EuropeFace of Europe’’
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
first set of core land cover data products
CLC 2006CLC 2006
BuiltBuilt--up area / sealingup area / sealing
CLC ChangesCLC Changes
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Soil sealing product validation
20m * 20m
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Involvement of industry in FTSPTotal budget FTSP Land 2006-2008:14.7 Meuro
Private sector
60%
Public sector
40%
TasksPublic sector
Private sector
WP 1.1 Satellite data acquisitionWP 1.2 Ortho-correctionWP 1.3 Satellite image mosaic
WP 2 In-situ and ancillary data collection
WP 3.1 CLC change mapping 2000-2006WP 3.2 Corine land cover mapping 2006WP 4.1 Built-up areas and soil sealing 2006WP 4.2 forest layer
WP 5 Quality control / ValidationWP 6 Data disseminationWP 7 Project management
Use of expertise
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Agriculture14%
Demography2%
Education8%
Forestry9%
Health1%
OthersSector6%
Physical Planning
5%
Research14%
Tourism1%
Transport3%
Energy3%
Environment34%
Expected use of FTSP for downstream services
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Costs of Monitoring and Reporting**Based on preliminary data for AT, DK, SF, DE, IE, PL, SK, SE, UK
• Annual costs Water and Biodiversity:– Environmental expenditure: 13 B€*
(out of 54 billion in total on environmental protection in EU25)
– Monitoring and reporting: 1-2%of total investment costsor between 0.5-2 € / capita for running the monitoring and reporting system
• Annual costs Land Monitoring Core Service FTSP Land: 1% of total monitoring and reporting costs for water and biodiversity
(Sources: EEA/Eionet 2008, Eurostat 2005)
Evaluation of investment costs FTSP
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Snap shot covering EU MS and neighbouring countries
Continuity of Corine land cover guaranteed
Core land cover data available within 1.5 year after the satellite data acquisition
Updates at least every 5 years
Coordination of European with national, regional, local monitoring activitiesBuilding on existing land cover and land use experience and monitoring activities
Co-ownership of the products guaranteed
Open access and free dissemination data policy maintained
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Provisional Evaluation Succes Criteria FTSP
Global PerspectivesGlobal Perspectives
• Environmental accounting SEEA revision 2012/2013, beyond GDP
• from GlobCover to GlobCorine: ESA & EEA, GEO-GEOSS
Source: ESA, 2008
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Recurrent policy demand for ONE integrated indicator
• Assessing the direct costs and benefits of environmental protection and management as well as the costs of inaction, at the local, regional & national levels
• Supplementing or mitigating GDP and National Income measurements of economic performance:Should relate to sustainability and human well beingCan be physical, better in moneyShould include a clear bottom lineExisting long lists of indicators don’t really work for that purposePrevious attempts (e.g. “green GDP”) have not been convincing…
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Spatial Integration of Environmental & Socio-Economic Data Collection
Mapping
Sampling
Individual Sites Monitoring
Socio-EconomicStatistics
Socio-economic statistics
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
The approach used to generate land cover accounts records
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
LEAC: from changes to flows of land cover
LCF3
LCF1
LCF2
LCF5
LCF4
LCF7
LCF6
LCF8
Change Matrix(44x43=1932
possible changes) summarized into
flows
LCF9
1990
2000
Land cover flows
A Ape
F
Ope W
LCF1 Urban land management 737 15 19 0 8 0 0 780LCF2 Urban residential sprawl 1924 1867 200 145 8 3 2 4149LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures 77 2728 1595 665 451 35 22 53 5627LCF4 Agriculture internal conversions 17252 10062 27314LCF5 Conversion from other land cover to agriculture 273 935 1796 1734 155 96 50 5039LCF6 Withdrawal of farming 2393 2860 5253LCF7 Forests creation and management 254 35803 5166 1048 1063 3 43337LCF8 Water bodies creation and management 191 252 253 117 190 17 21 1042LCF9 Changes due to natural & multiple causes 311 44 15 1317 1323 1041 229 252 4534Total Consumption of 1990 land cover, km² 1843 24608 17607 39899 9018 2304 1413 381 97074
No Change 160016 1149717 802502 990736 255914 50289 45502 45473 3500149Total land cover 1990, km² 161860 1174325 820109 1030635 264932 52593 46915 45854 3597223LCF1 Urban land management 780 780LCF2 Urban residential sprawl 4149 4149LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures 5627 5627LCF4 Agriculture internal conversions 15695 11619 27314LCF5 Conversion from other land cover to agriculture 2450 2590 5039LCF6 Withdrawal of farming 1124 2792 1244 23 70 0 5253LCF7 Forests creation and management 42547 766 24 43337LCF8 Water bodies creation and management 21 1021 1042LCF9 Land Cover due to natural & multiple causes 4 2167 1790 313 260 4534Total Formation of 2000 land cover, km² 10556 18144 15333 45343 4177 1858 383 1280 97074
No Change 160016 1149717 802502 990736 255914 50289 45502 45473 3500149Total land cover 2000, km² 170572 1167861 817835 1036079 260090 52147 45885 46754 3597223
Simplified ecosystem accountsSimplified ecosystem accounts
• Globally, change matters [degradation or improvement of ecosystem functioning and attached cost], not the value of the stock
• Global multicriteria rating based on a small number of ecological potential [derived from ecosystem accounts]:
Landscape ecological potential [LEP] (landLandscape ecological potential [LEP] (land--cover, fragmentation)cover, fragmentation)HANPP (HANPP (fAPARfAPAR, NPP, NEP, NEE, carbon, fire, degradation , NPP, NEP, NEE, carbon, fire, degradation ……))Biodiversity rarefaction Biodiversity rarefaction ExergyExergy loss [river basins]loss [river basins]DependanceDependance from external inputs [material/energy, footprint]from external inputs [material/energy, footprint]losses/gains of “points of ecological potential”computating of restoration costs
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Example of a first candidate: LEPCorine land cover map (derived from satellite images)
Green Background Landscape Index (derived from CLC)
Naturilis (derived from Natura2000 & CDDA)
Effective Mesh Size (MEFF, derived from TeleAtlas and CLC)
net Landscape Ecological Potential (nLEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell
nLEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
LEP connects at the local level: e.g. effect of land cover change
UnitsAMVRAKIKOS
GREECECAMARGUE
FRANCEDANUBE DELTA
ROMANIADOÑANA
SPAIN
km² 1802 827 5858 1473
Urban temperature 2000 0-100 1.6 0.3 1.3 0.5
Change in Urban temperature 1990-2000 0-100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Intensive Agriculture Temperature 2000 0-100 15.8 25.0 11.8 13.4
Change in Intensive Agriculture temperature 1990-2000 0-100 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.7
Landscape Net Ecological Potential 2000 0-100 n.a 39.5 n.a 48.2
Change in Landscape Net Ecological Potential 1990-2000 0-100 n.a -0.7 n.a -1.1
Nature designation index (combined N2000 & national) 0-100 21.5 96.1 90.7 80.0
Mean Effective Mesh Size in SES 2005 logN(MEFF) n.a 150.8 n.a 189.1
Population Density (inhab/km²) 2000 inhabitants 57.9 26.5 7.5 7.5
Surface of coastal Wetland SES
Wetland Socio-Ecological Systems
MEA
N V
ALU
ES P
ER K
M²
Overall budget of the Natural Regional Park of Camargue
2 620 000 €2 440 000 €2 360 000 €1 744 000 €TOTAL
1 020 000 €790 000 €760 000 €254 000 €Field actions’ budget
1 600 000 €1 650 000 €1 600 000 €1 490 000 €Staff and other fix costs
2008200720062005
2 620 000 €2 440 000 €2 360 000 €1 744 000 €TOTAL
1 020 000 €790 000 €760 000 €254 000 €Field actions’ budget
1 600 000 €1 650 000 €1 600 000 €1 490 000 €Staff and other fix costs
2008200720062005
PNRC, 2008.
Next step: calculation of ecosystem maintenance & restoration costs
GOFC-GOLD Workshop, 15.10.08
Links to GOFC-GOLDFrom mapping structures towards ecosystem assessments - attributing quality and quantity for ecosystem service evaluation at all scales (local to global)
• Efforts for long-term operational monitoring (change detection)• QA/QC, validated, harmonized data• Coverage (Europe and global)• Added value on land-cover/-use mapping e.g.
disturbance (fire, degradation)biomass (forest density, LAI etc) biophysical parameters (fAPAR, NPP) and fluxes (GhG,carbon, water)biomass, NEP / NEE / C-sequestration monitoring link to Kopernikus global land monitoring services
Thank you for your attention!
http://[email protected]