Gods Horus, the Sun God, depicted on papyrus

Queen Nefertari and the goddess Athor: wall painting

Anubis weighs the heart of the dead

with the feather of justice and Thoth

records, as god of Wisdom, the

result.

Sobek is watching

Gods

Anubis wears the funereal mask to the dead

Anubis and Thoth

Life after death: Judgment

Anubis weighs the heart of the dead with the feather of justice and Thoth records,

as god of Wisdom, the result.

Truth Heart/soul

GODS accepting offerings

Nephthys Isis Osiris Ra

GODS accepting offerings

Horus Nephthys Isis Osiris

Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS

Kings usually were depicted wearing the striped head cloth, a false beard, and an elaborate kilt, a staff, scepters.

THE WHITE CROWN;

UPPER EGYPT

THE RED CROWN:

LOWER EGYPT

the Double Crown

Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS

Atef Crown

was worn during

religious rituals.

Blue Crown is a

military helmet and is

often worn during

battles and hunting

Royal Uraeus

(φίδι), or sacred

serpent crown.

Hemhem Crown, or

the triple Atef

crown , a very

elaborate form of

the Atef crown.

Royal Vulture

offers protection.

It represented the

goddess Nekhbet,

the goddess of

childbirth,

mothers and

children.

The head of a typical Egyptian figure is seen

from the side, but the eye and body are seen from

the front.

Figures are usually shown wearing a traditional

crown or headdress and a pectoral (θωρακικό)

decoration across the shoulders and chest.

Pharaoh depicted with the double crown of upper and lower Egypt.

The cobra protected

the pharaoh by

spitting fire at his

enemies.

Regalia the symbols of supreme power,

the flail and crook.

the Uraeus (κόμπρα)

The pharaoh was recognized only by wearing the Uraeus, which conveyed legitimacy to the ruler.

The crook is used by shepherds to catch their

sheep. The flail is used in threshing, to

separate the grains from the outer husks.

Pharaoh and his wife

The ancient Egyptian pharaohs built temples and put up huge stone statues.

Statue of the pharaoh Menkaura and his consort Queen Khamerernebty II. Originally from his Giza Valley temple, now on display at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

The left foot in front of the right one shows power.

18η Δυναστεία: Χατσεψούτ: 1501-1480

Large granite sphinx.

The pharaoh

Hatshepsut, depicted

with the traditional

false beard, a symbol

of her pharaonic

power—Metropolitan

Museum of Art

18th Dynasty

Αμενχοτέπ 4΄ ή Ακενατόν ή Εχνατόν (1353-1336)

Τελλ-ελ-Αμάρνα

Μονοθεϊσμός

Ατόν

Nefertiti

Amenofis 4th Amenofis 4th changed his name in Echnaton

and with assistant of his wife Nefertiti dared

to create the first monotheistic religion,

without icons.

Aton, the god, is depicted as solar disk

whose rays end in palms symbolizing the gift

of life.

18th Dynasty

Toutankhamon (1332-1323)

gold. Toutankhamon and

his wife.

Throne of Toutankhamon

Ramesses II and god Horus.

Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt

Ramesses’ wife,

Nefertari

Ramesses II was the pharaoh

who ruled for sixty-seven years

and put up more statues of

himself than any other pharaoh.

Ramesses II

Egyptian

Museum,

Torino,

Italy.

Ramses II

A princess

Ramses II

Ramses II

Colossal depictions of

Ramesses II at a temple

dedicated to him at Abu

Simbel.

Καμβύσης, Δαρείος Α-Β, Ξέρξης Α-Β-Γ , Αρταξέρξης Α-Β-Γ,

Δαρείος Γ΄(Κοδομανός).

Καμβύσης Β΄ Δαρείος Α΄

(νικήθηκε:

Μαραθώνας)

Ξέρξης Α΄

(νικήθηκε :

Θερμοπύλες,

Σαλαμίνα,

Πλαταιές)

Δαρείος Γ΄΄(Κοδομανός)

Νικήθηκε

από τον Μ. Αλέξανδρο

(Ισσός, 333 π.Χ.) .

Greece:

Αχαϊκή εποχή-

Περσικοί πόλεμοι (490-479 π.Χ.)

Κλασσική εποχή

Persians in Egypt: 663-332 BC

The Greeks: 332 BC Alexander the Great

The city of Alexandria was

founded.

323: Ο Αλέξανδρος πεθαίνει και

αναλαμβάνει την διακυβέρνηση

της Αιγύπτου ο στρατηγός του

Πτολεμαίος.

The Greeks: Hellenistic years : Ptolemy

Silver tetradrachmo with representation of Ptolemy A'

of Savior, founder of dynasty of Ptolemy. 305-283 π.Χ.

Βερενίκη Α΄ Golden pentadrachmo Ptolemy A΄

305-31 π. Χ.

Library of Alexandria

Julius Ceasar

(100-44 BC) Mark Antony

(82-30 BC)

The Romans

Cleopatra

Abu Simbel temples: Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th c. BC

Great Temple of Ramesses II (left) and Small Temple of Nefertari (right)

Abu

Simbel

temples:

relocation

.

A scale model showing the original location of the 13th century BCE Abu Simbel temples, the

complex was relocated in 1968, on an artificial hill, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. The

photo was taken at the Nubian Museum, Aswan, Egypt.

Abu Simbel: Great Temple of Ramesses II

Baboon carvings above the heads of the

statues of Ramses

On October 22 and February 22, the

rays of the sun would penetrate the

sanctuary and illuminate the

sculptures on the back wall, except for

the statue of Ptah, the god connected

with the Underworld, who always

remained in the dark.

Abu Simbel

Abu Simbel: The hypostyle hall of the Great

Temple, with eight Osiris pillars

Abu Simbel

Φθα, Άμμων-Ρα, Ραμσής Ρα-Χαράκτης.

Abu Simbel: The small Temple

The temple of Hathor and Nefertari, also known as the Small Temple, dedicated to the

goddess Hathor and Ramesses II's chief consort, Nefertari. The statues are 10 m. high.

18η Δυναστεία:

Amenhotep III

Theban

necropolis

The

Colossi of

Memnon

They are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since

1350 BC) they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of

Luxor. In 27 BCE, a large earthquake reportedly shattered the eastern colossus. he remaining

lower half of this statue was then reputed to "sing" on various occasions- always within an hour or

two of sunrise, usually right at dawn. it sounded "like a blow“, "the string of a lyre“, the striking of

brass or whistling. Romans reconstructed them and the singing stopped.

The Karnak temple complex describes a vast collection of ruins of temples, chapels,

pylons and other buildings - collectively known as Karnak.

The Karnak temple complex is located near Karnak (town) and Luxor in Upper Egypt.

The Karnack complex

The Karnack complex, the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with

Amon as its head

The Karnack complex

The Karnack complex

The Karnack complex

The Karnak complex

Στην είσοδο της κιονοστοιχίας του Αμένωφι Γ, δύο γιγάντια γλυπτά του Ραμσή Β΄

Luxor Temple: located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today

known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BC

Luxor:

Statue at Temple Entrance Sitting Ramesses II Colossus inside Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple: The east side of the peristyle court of Amenhotep III

Luxor Temple

Luxor

Temple

(Egypt) by

night,

showing

wall

inscription

In Luxor there are six great temples. One of then is

the Ramesseum

Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II - The Ramesseum. Osiris’ statues

The Ramesseum

The Ramesseum: Colonnade

Made of glass

Cosmetic jar in the shape of a

dwarf, from the reign of

Akhenaten. Alabaster.

Changes.

Life after death

The ancient Egyptians

believed in life after death.

That's why they became very

good at mummification.

They wrapped mummies in

hundreds of yards of linen

strips.

They also built special "house

for eternity" to put their dead

inside.

Tombs

The writing on the walls in a pharaoh's tomb helped him get to the afterlife.

Mastaba, "house for eternity" or "eternal house"

Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks

(from the Nile River) or stone.

'Mastaba' comes from the Arabic word for a

bench of mud.

Structure. 27th century BC

The afterlife was the main focus of Egyptian civilization and ruled every aspect of the society. It was

reflected in their architecture and most prominently by the enormous amounts of time, money, and

manpower involved in the building of their tombs.

Small cellar

Statue of

the dead

chapel

furniture

Sarcophagus

in Saqqara

pit

The Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza

They are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt.

The Great Sphinx

The pyramids of Giza

2590 BC

Inside the Pyramid

False door

The Ancient Egyptians believed that the false door was a threshold between the

worlds of the living and the dead and through which a deity or the spirit of the

deceased could enter and exit.

They can be carved in a wall or painted on it.

Imhotep was an Egyptian polymath, who

served as chancellor to the pharaoh and

high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re) at

Heliopolis.

He is considered to be the earliest known

architect and engineer and physician.

Greece:

Copper age

2650–2575 BC 27th century BC

Mummification

Over many centuries, the ancient

Egyptians developed a method of

preserving bodies so they would

remain lifelike.

Today we call this process

mummification.

During the mummification

process, the internal organs were

removed from the body and placed

in hollow 'canopy jars'.

The lids of canopy jars

represented gods called the 'four

sons of Horus'. These gods

protected the internal organs.

Mummification

1798: Napoleon

642-now: ΙIslam.

Portuguese, English, French abused Egypt.

1869: Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps.

1956: Nasser. All foreigners had to leave.

1970: War between Egypt and Israel. Israel wins.

Μωχάμετ Άλι (1805-1848) Κόπτες (451 μ.Χ.)

Αιγύπτιοι Μονοφυσίτες

Nasser

Πατριαρχείο

Αλεξάνδρειας

(6ο αι.

Ιουστινιανός)

Suez bridge

Modern Egypt

Thebes

The British Museum, England

https://www.britishmuseum.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html

Βιβλιογραφία

Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμια Μυθολογία. ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΗ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ.

Παγκόσμια Ιστορία, ΟΙ Πρώτοι Πολιτισμοί, 3000-1500 π. Χ.. Κ. ΚΑΠΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ.

Vandenberg, P., Νεφερτίτη. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.

Vandenberg, P., Ραμσής ο Μέγας. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.

Vandenberg, P., Η Κατάρα των Φαραώ. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.

Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος Λαρούς Μπριτάννικα. ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ.

http://el.wikipedia.org

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk

http://wordinfo.info/unit/2655?letter=a&spage=1&s=scribe

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians

http://www.artyfactory.com/egyptian_art/egyptian_crowns/hemhem_crown.htm

http://www.touregypt.net

Choose Yes/No. Correct the wrong ones