"God's Hotel: A Doctor; A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage into the Heart of Medicine" by Victoria Sweet

8/2/2019 "God's Hotel: A Doctor; A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage into the Heart of Medicine" by Victoria Sweet

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Ekg

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

N_ Q J ] G J V D ^ C E V K N K A E K C ^ I N V ] _ O J ^ $ jko Ov + Bwoo qj} qj n t #

nka iev cg+

J} Ov+ Cjbev `jo nk}tvwmtgo$ N }te||go inv}t jt |gv}ekkgd jko t`gk jt t`g djwkov~$

q`gvg N |nmhgo w| j q`ntg mejt`na`d~ }tjvm`go$ kgjtd~ |vg}}go$ }dna`td~

ivj~go+ _`gk N qgkt w| t`g }tjnv}$ oeqk t`g `jddqj~$ t`vewa` t`g oewfdg

oeev} ei t`g jocnttnka qjvo$ jko nkte t`g oemtev} eiin mg+ _`g oemtev}

eiin mg qj} }cjdd jko kjvveq$ ke djvagv t`jk j }nkadg |jtngkt} veec+ Fwt nt

qj} ijcndnjv$ qnt` t`g }jcg fjvgkg}}$ |djnkkg}}$ oeqk#te#gjvt`kg}} t`jt N

qj} w}go te nk t`g hnko ei cgonmnkg N |vjmtnmgo fw}nkg}}dnhg$ ni ~ewv

fw}nkg}} qj} tjhnka mjvg ei t`g }nmh |eev+

N qj} tjhnka eygv t`g |jtngkt} ei Ov+ Bwoo$ q`e qj} tvjk}igvvnka te

jket`gv qjvo+ ]ecfgv$ gygk j dnttdg qnt`ovjqk$ `g `jkogo cg `n} nkogp

mjvo}+ _`g}g qgvg t`g mjvo} ek q`nm` `g$ dnhg jdd ei w} jt t`g tncg$ qvetg

oeqk t`g fj}nm nkievcjtnek jfewt `n} |jtngkt}2 kjcg jko cgonmjd kwcfgv$

ojtg ei jocn}}nek$ dn}t ei onjake}g} jko cgonmjtnek}+

@g qj} jkpnew} te fg ek `n} qj~+ Kgygvt`gdg}}$ qg dgit t`g oemtev}

eiin mg teagt`gv te ae ek vewko}$ }e t`jt `g mewdo nktveowmg `n} |jtngkt} te


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cg jko }wccjvnrg t`gnv cgonmjd |vefdgc}+ _`gvg} jk jvt te ntnk j igq


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Ov+ Bwoo qj} aeeo jt nt+

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`jo mek}gzwgktd~ ijddgk jko fvehgk `n} `n|$ jko kggogo ojnd~ cjkn|w#

djtnek ei `n} cjk~ cgonmjtnek}+ Cv+ Fgktwvn `jo fggk `nt f~ j mjv jko

qj} vgmeygvnka ivec `gjo tvjwcj jko cwdtn|dg evtè|gonm nkbwvng}+

Cv+ Ojyn} jd}e `jo j ivjmtwvg jko t`g joontnekjd |vefdgc} ei jdmeèd#

n}c jko onjfgtg}+ _`gvg qj} Ivgo ]+$ on}jfdgo ivec j fvjnk twcev jko ek

onjd~}n}8 Cv}+ Devgkr qnt` Jdr`gncgv}8 jko Cv}+ Vem`g$ vg`jfndntjtnka

jitgv j }tvehg+ Qg qgvg tvgjtnka Fgtt~ Qnd}ek iev ivjmtwvg} ei fet` jvc}$

fet` dga}$ jko |gdyn}$ jko C}+ Ogydnk iev t`g vjvg jko nkgpevjfdg on}gj}g

ei }|nkemgvgfgddjv ogagkgvjtnek+ Cv+ Ogccnka} qj} jt Djawkj @ekoj

qnt` tgvcnkjd jdmeèdnm mnvvè}n} fdggonka$ mekiw}nek$ jko bjwkonmg

jdtèwa` `g qj} nc|veynka+

Ov+ Bwoo} |jtngkt} qgvg ijcndnjv te cg$ ket }|gmnin mjdd~ fwt nk agk#

gvjd8 t`g~ qgvg bw}t dnhg t`g |jtngkt} No cjkjago t`vewaè wt c~ cgon#

mjd tvjnknka+ Mec|dgp$ ivjandg$ jko wk}tjfdg$ nk kggo ei mde}g cekntevnka

ei cgonmjtnek} jko djfevjtev~ tg}t}+ _`g ekd~ t`nka }wv|vn}nka jfewt c~

kgq |jtngkt} qj} t`jt t`g~ qgvg jt Djawkj @ekoj jko ket nk jk jmwtg

è}|ntjd+ Jdtèwa`$ j} qg qjdhgo jvewko t`g qjvo jko N tèwa`t jfewt

t`g dj}t igq ~gjv} nk cgonmnkg$ `jynka t`g |jtngkt} jt Djawkj @ekoj jko

ket jt jk jmwtg è}|ntjd ono cjhg }gk}g$ nk j qj~+ Q`jt qnt` t`g m`jkag}

nk cgonmjd inkjkmnka ei `gjdt` cjnktgkjkmg evajknrjtnek} (@CE}. jko

onjake}n}# vgdjtgo avew|} (OVA}.$ oemtev} jko è}|ntjd} qgvg keq |jno

iev cjnktjnknka `gjdt`$ ket iev tvgjtnka on}gj}g+ Eitgk$ te gkmewvjag

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|gv cekt`$ jko è}|ntjd} j inpgo jcewkt |gv on}gj}g$ vgajvodg}} ei èq

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Fwt |jtngkt} dnhg Cv+ _jvk$ C}+ Ogydnk$ jko Cv+ Ogccnka} `jo ke `gjdt` te cjnktjnk+ _`g~ qgvg


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A E O ] @ E _ G D ygv~ ndd$ jko t g ekd~ qj~ iev t`g jmwtg `e}|ntjd te fg giin mngkt jko ket de}g cekg~ tjhnka mjvg


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ei t`gc qj} te on}m`jvag t`gc j} }eek j} |e}}nfdg+ Q`nm` t`g~ ono$ ni t`g~

mewdo inko j m`veknm è}|ntjd qnddnka te jocnt }wm` |jtngkt}+ Nk ]jk Ivjk#

mn}me t`jt è}|ntjd qj} Djawkj @ekoj+ ]e q`ndg N qj} }wv|vn}go f~ èq

}nmh c~ kgq |jtngkt} qgvg iev j m`veknm mjvg è}|ntjd$ N qj}kt j}tekn}`go+

Wktnd qg mjcg te Cv+ @nmhcjk+

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eoo+ @g dnygo$ ke ekg hkgq zwntg èq$ ek t`g }tvggt}+ @g vjvgd~ }|ehg+

@go fggk }gkt te Djawkj @ekoj fgmjw}g `go ijndgo t`g w}wjd tvgjtcgkt

iev `n} on}gj}g$ q`nm` qj} twfgvmwde}n}+ @g `jokt tjhgk t`g iewv ojnd~

cgonmjtnek} kgmg}}jv~ te hndd t`g twfgvmwdew} fjmtgvnj$ q`nm`$ mek}g#

zwgktd~$ `jo cwdtn|dngo nk `n} dwka}$ ievcnka |emhgt} ei |w} t`jt qgvg

nkjmmg}}nfdg te cgonmjtnek+ @go fggk tjhgk te }wvagv~$ t`gvgievg$ jko `n} nkigmtgo dwka qj}

vgceygo$ jdeka qnt` cwm` ei `n} m`g}t qjddvnf}$ }tgvkwc$ jko }hnk}e t`jt `g mewdo `gjd ivec

t`g nk}nog ewt+ Nt qj} jk edo# ij}`nekgo tvgjtcgkt$ Ov+ Bwoo gp|djnkgo te

cg$ jk Gdeg}}gv idj|$ ogygde|go fgievg t`gvgo fggk cgonmjtnek} iev

twfgvmwde}n}+ Ewv bef qj} te ovg}} t`g e|gk qewko tqnmg j oj~$ jko

cjhg }wvg Cv+ @nmhcjk teeh `n} cgonmnkg}+

Qnt` t`n}$ Ov+ Bwoo nktveowmgo cg te Cv+ @nmhcjk$ qè qj} }hnkk~

jko tjmntwvk$ jko d~nka nk fgo$ }tjvnka w| jt t`g mgndnka+ @g ono ket }`jhg

c~ `jko ev twvk `n} `gjo te deeh jt cg+ N qgkt eygv te t`g dgit }nog ei

t`g fgo jko Ov+ Bwoo qgkt eygv te t`g vna`t$ jko `g twvkgo fjmh t`g mey#

gv}+ Cv+ @nmhcjk} m`g}t qj} `gjynd~ fjkojago+ Ekg f~ ekg$ mjvgiwdd~$

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kgjvf~ tjfdg+ _`gk N deehgo nkte Cv+ @nmhcjk} e|gk qewko jko }jq

t`jt$ gp|e}go jko ywdkgvjfdg$ kg}tdgo nk t`g èddeq t`jt t`g }wvagek}

`jo mvgjtgo$ qj} Cv+ @nmhcjk} fgjtnka `gjvt+

Nt qj} gptvjevonkjv~+

N mewdo }gg t`g inkg$ ogdnmjtg indc ei t`g |gvnmjvonjd }jm adn}tgk j} nt

|wd}go jko mjwa`t t`g dna`t+ Qeygk t`vewa` nt N mewdo bw}t cjhg ewt qgvg tnk~ ygnk} jko

jvtgvng}+ Nt qj} }e jdnyg$ t`jt fgjtnka `gjvt* Nt qj} j} jdnyg j} Cv+ Fjhgv} feo~ jt c~ inv} t


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I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

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jwte|}~ `jo fggk ogjo+ Iev j

cnkwtg ev }e Ov+ Bwoo jko N }teeo t`gvg jko qjtm`go t`g `gjvt fgjt$ |nkh

jko efdnynew} te w}$ q`ndg Cv+ @nmhcjk }tjvgo w| jt t`g mgndnka+ _`gk Ov+

Bwoo vg|jmhgo t`g dwka mjynt~ qnt` ivg}`$ q`ntg iewv#f~#iewv}+ @g meygvgo

w| t`g `gjvt qnt` j kgq ovg}}nka$ tj|go t`g m`g}t mde}go$ jko |wddgo t`g

}`ggt fjmh jvewko Cv+ @nmhcjk} kgmh+ Qg qjdhgo fjmh teagt`gv te t`g

oemtev} eiin mg jt t`g ivekt ei t`g qjvo$ jko `g dgit cg qnt` c~ nkogp

mjvo} jko c~ |jtngkt}+

Nt qj} Ov+ Vjm`cjk qè }èqgo cg t`g ve|g}$ q`nm` qgvg vgivg}`#

nkad~ igq+

Ov+ Vjm`cjk qj} Ntjdnjk ivec Kgq êvh$ jko }`g qj} zwnmh$ iwkk~$ qjvc$ jko tjdhjtnyg+ N

qj} te `jyg t`g vnmhgt~ qeeogk og}h nk t`g mevkgv kgpt te t`g qnkoeq+ Nt deehgo ewt ekte t`g

avggk `ndd jmve}} t`g |jvhnka det$ jko$ `gkmg$ ekte jdd t`g mecnka} jko

aenka} ei |jtngkt}$ }tjii$ jko jcfwdjkmg}+ Mvjccgo nkte t`g veec qgvg

jd}e j mec|wtgv$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk} og}h$ Ov+ Vecgve} og}h$ j `jt vjmh$ jko

gptvj m`jnv} iev ijcnd~ jko yn}ntnka oemtev}+

Ov+ Vecgve jko Ov+ Inktkgv qgvg t`g et`gv tqe oemtev} ek t`g

jocnttnka qjvo$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk gp|djnkgo$ jko t`g~ qgvg bef# }`jvnka8

t`jt n}$ t`g~ }`jvgo j og}h jko }`jvgo t`gnv |jtngkt}+ N qewdo agt te hkeq

t`gc fet` ygv~ qgdd+ Ov+ Vecgve qj} ivec Mwfj fwt avgq w| nk Idevnoj8

jko }`go fggk t`g inv}t nk `gv ijcnd~ te ae te meddgag+ ]`go aekg te Ny~

Dgjawg }mèed}$ tvjnkgo nk t`g fg}t cgonmjd |veavjc nk t`g mewktv~$ jko

cjvvngo qgdd+ ]`g qj} jcfntnew} jko nkmn}nyg$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk }jno$ fwt `gv

tqe w|fvnkanka} inv}t j} ~ewkagv Mwfjk ojwa`tgv jko t`gk j} fvnddnjkt

Jcgvnmjk }twogktqgvg ket |gvigmtd~ cgdogo teagt gv+ ]e }`g qj} j dnt tdg

dnhg tè}g |dj}tnm inawvg} qè}g dgit jko vna`t }nog} oe ket zwntg cjtm` w|+

Ewt}nog ewv tnk~ eiin mg$ Ov+ Vecgve qj} }qggt jko |jtngkt8 nk}nog nt$ }`g

qj} }jvoeknm jko qntt~$ jko ono ket tedgvjtg ieed} adjod~+


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oemtev$ }`g qj} agktdg jko hnko$ fet` nk}nog jko


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A E O ] @ E _ G D

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ewt}nog t`g eiin mg8 jko$ tèwa` }`g djwa`go jt behg}$ }`g ono ket cjhg

t`gc+ Ov+ Inktkgv hkgq jdce}t gygv~t`nka t`gvg qj} te hkeq jfewt cgo#

nmnkg$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk qgkt ek$ fwt }`g qj} ceog}t jko N qewdo `jyg te j}h$

fgmjw}g }`g kgygv yedwktggvgo+ Nt qj} j aeeo t`nka t`jt Ov+ Inktkgv hkgq

gygv~t`nka$ }nkmg }`g mewdo kgygv inko jk~t`nka nk t`g og}h }`g }`jvgo

qnt` Ov+ Vecgve+ Gygv~t`nka t`jt mjcg nkte `gv cjndfep$ Ov+ Inktkgv

}jygo$ |ndnka nt nk j mevkgv ei t`g og}h$ ket qjktnka te `wvt jk~ekg }ket

gygk cj}}#cjvhgtgv}iggdnka}+

_`g iewv ei w} qgvg vg}|ek}nfdg iev t`g ojnd~ jocn}}nek} te t`g

è}|ntjd$ q`nm` qgvg dncntgo te t`vgg ev iewv+ ]e N mewdo gp|gmt j kgq

|jtngkt gygv~ cevknka+ _`gvg qj} j qjntnka dn}t ei cevg t`jk tqe `wk#

ovgo |jtngkt}$ jko |jtngkt} qgvg jocnttgo fj}go ek t`gnv kggo} jko t`g

è}|ntjd} mj|jfndntng}+ _`g~ mjcg ivec è}|ntjd} t`vewaèwt t`g mnt~$

ivec t`gnv ècg} ni t`g~ `jo t`gc$ ev ivec t`g }tvggt}+ _`g oemtev} teeh

t`g jocn}}nek} ekg jitgv jket`gv nk jk ekaenka zwgwg t`jt qj} }tvnmtd~

ieddeqgoj zwgwg ei og}tnk~$ j} N qewdo dgjvk+

Jitgv vewko}$ N qewdo }|gko t`g vg}t ei t`g cevknka ek c~ kgq

jocn}}nek+ Nt teeh t`jt deka$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk }jno$ te |gvievc j iwdd gpjcn#

kjtnek8 mektjmt ijcnd~$ ivngko}$ jko ievcgv |`~}nmnjk}8 vgyngq t`g vgmevo}

jko cgonmjtnek}8 jko ievcwdjtg j |djk+ ]`g }èqgo cg j }jc|dg ei `gv

|vgynew} oj~} jocn}}nek+ @jkoqvnttgk$ qnt` gygv~ _ |vgmn}gd~ mve}}go

jko gygv~ N |vgmn}gd~ oettgo$ `gv inyg# |jag qevhw| qj} nk}|nvnka+ ]`go

mecfnkgo t`g hkeqdgoag qgo jmmwcwdjtgo nk cgonmjd }mèed$ t`g jvow#

ew} gp|gvngkmg ei ewv vg}nogkmng}$ jko joogo `gv eqk meccek }gk}g te

|veowmg j t`nka ei fgjwt~ jko ei jvt+ J} }`g idn||go t`vewa` t`g }gmtnek}

ei t`g m`jvt qnt` cg$ qgkt eygv t`g ievc} iev gjm` tg}t jko P#vj~$ }èqgocg t`g mec|wtgv jko t`g onmtjtnka }~}tgc$ }`g jd}e mektnkwgo te m`jt

jfewt t`g oemtev} jko kwv}g} No }eek fg cggtnka+

_`gk }`g teeh cg w|}tjnv} te t`g P#vj~ og|jvtcgkt jko t`g djfevj#

tev~+ N qewdo vgjo c~ eqk P#vj~}$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk tedo cg+ _vwg$ qg `jo vjonedean}t} ivec t`g


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I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd q`e mjcg nk t`g cevknka$ fwt jk~ P#vj~} tjhgk jitgv t`jt No `jyg te deeh jt

c~}gdi+


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A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

Dnhg t`g oemtev} eiin mg$ t`g tqe veec} ei t`g P #vj~ og|jvtcgkt

qgvg edo# ij}`nekgo jko |djnk+ Nk t`g inv}t veec }jt t`g P#vj~ cjm`nkg$

jko nk j mevkgv$ t`g indc ogygde|gv jko ojvhveec+ _`n} cgjkt t`jt qg

ono ket `jyg te fg }jtn}in go qnt` }tjkojvo P#vj~ yngq}$ Ov+ Vjm`cjk

|enktgo ewt$ j} qg `jo te fg jt ceogvk `e}|ntjd}$ q`gvg t`g P#vj~ cj #

m`nkg} qgvg eii# dncnt} te gygv~ekg fwt vgan}tgvgo tgm`knmnjk}+ Nk}tgjo$

qg mewdo |jvtnmn|jtg nk ewv |jtngkt} P #vj~}$ jko gygk }waag}t t`g |e}n#

tnek} jko yngq} qg qjktgo te }gg+

_`g }gmeko veec qj} q`gvg N qewdo vgjo c~ P#vj~}+ Nt} qnkoeq}

qgvg meygvgo f~ fdjmhewt }`jog} ivec t`g :>?


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A E O ] @ E _ G D qjvo8 nk t`g djtg cevknka No vgmgnyg c~ kgq |jtngkt8 nk t`g jitgvkeek No


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A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n :1 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


vgyngq djf tg}t}$ tjdh te ijcndng}$ jko oe |vemgowvg}+ Nk t`g djtg jitgvkeek$

oemtev} ivec t`g vg}t ei t`g è}|ntjd qewdo yn}nt w} ek t`g jocnttnka

qjvo te tjdh eygv |wrrdnka mj}g}+ Qgo deeh jt P#vj~} teagt`gv$ gpjcnkg

|jtngkt}$ jko on}mw}} onjake}g}+ Fgievg aenka ècg$ No vewko jajnk ek

c~ |jtngkt}+ _`n} qj} t`g tncg$ j} t`g }wk aet deq nk t`g }h~$ t`jt No }nt

ek t`gnv fgo} jko dn}tgk te t`gnv }tevng}+

Iev c~ inv}t ~gjv}$ wktnd N }tjvtgo qevhnka ek c~ \Ò$ N qj} jt t`g

è}|ntjd iwdd tncg$ gna`t te inyg$ inyg oj~} j qggh8 ekd~ jitgv èwv} ono N

|wv}wg c~ }mèdjvd~ nkyg}tnajtnek ei |vgceogvk cgonmnkg+ _`g |jtngkt}

qgvg jdqj~} ygv~ }nmh$ fwt ek Cekoj~} jko Ivnoj~} t`g~ qgvg gygk }nmhgv+

Cekoj~}$ fgmjw}g eygv t`g qgghgko t`g~ onokt `jyg t`g mekmgktvjtgo

oemtev tncg t`g~ `jo owvnka t`g qggh jko qgvg }ggk ekd~ iev gcgvagk#

mng} f~ t`g èw}g |`~}nmnjk+ Ivnoj~}$ fgmjw}g t`g }nmhg}t |jtngkt} jvvnygo

ek Ivnoj~ jitgvkeek} vgbgmt} ivec jmwtg è}|ntjd} jdd eygv t`g mnt~$ qè

qgvg mdgjvnka t`gnv ogmh} iev t`gnv qgghgko}+

Fwt t`g |jtngkt} qgvg ygv~ }nmh owvnka t`g qggh$ tee+ ]nkmg t`gvg

qgvg t`vgg ei w} (Ov}+ Vecgve jko Inktkgv mewktnka j} ekg.$ qg onynogo

t`g t`nvt~# }np |jtngkt} ei t`g jocnttnka qjvo nkte t`nvo}+ ]e N w}wjdd~ `jo

jfewt tqgdyg |jtngkt}$ t`g }jcg kwcfgv No `jo j} jk nktgvk nk t`g jmwtg

è}|ntjd+ Jko ce}t qgvg jfewt j} }nmh j} t`g |jtngkt} No `jo j} jk nktgvk$

j} No dgjvkgo ivec Ov+ Bwoo ek c~ inv}t oj~+

]e t`g jocnttnka qjvo qj} mecievtjfdg$ jko nt qj} jd}e meddganjd jko

}jtn}i~nka+ Nt qj} mecievtjfdg fgmjw}g nt qj} }e ijcndnjv |`~}nmjdd~ t`g

}cjdd eiin mg$ t`g qeeogk og}h}$ t`g e|gk qnkoeq$ jko t`g feeh}+ Jko

cgktjdd~ t`g kwcfgv ei |jtngkt}$ t`g cevknka gpmntgcgkt$ t`g vg}edw#

tnek ei t`jt gpmntgcgkt owvnka t`g jitgvkeek$ jko t`g |gjmgiwd$ }emnjdgkonka ei t`g oj~+

Nt qj} meddganjd nk t`g Djtnk }gk}g ei t`g qevo+ _`g jocnttnka qjvo

`jo meddgmtgo teagt`gv j avew| ei gp|gvngkmgo oemtev} nk j }cjdd }|jmg8 qg aet jdeka qgdd jko

`gd|go ekg jket`gv ewt+ \wt teagt`gv$ t`g iewv ei w} `jo cevg t`jk }npt~ ~gjv} ei cgonmjd


18/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

gp|gvngkmg$ jko nt qj} j ygv~ vjvg on}gj}g t`jt ekg ei w} onokt vgmeaknrg+ Fwt t`g |jtngkt} ono

`jyg ygv~


19/43


20/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

vjvg on}gj}g}+ Nk}tgjo ei t`g w}wjd cgonmjd jojag t`jt meccek t`nka}

emmwv meccekd~$ jt Djawkj @ekoj t`g jojag qj} wkmeccek t`nka}

emmwv meccekd~+

Jfeyg jdd$ t`g jocnttnka qjvo qj} }jtn}i~nka+ Qntèwt wtndnrjtnek#

vgyngq cjkjagv} èygvnka eygv w} nk t`gnv nccjmwdjtg q`ntg mejt}$ qg

mewdo oe j |ve|gv |`~}nmnjk} beft`jt n}$ on}meygv q`jt qj} qveka qnt`

j |jtngkt jko fgank j||ve|vnjtg t`gvj|~+ Eitgk jdd nt teeh qj} `jynkagkewa` tncg te oe j tèvewa` qevhw|+

_`g qevhw|$ qgo fggk tjwa`t nk cgonmjd }mèed$ qj} t`g vemh w|ek

q`nm` t`g onjake}n} }èwdo fg fwndt+ Nt `jo t`vgg |jvt}+ _`g inv}t |jvt qj}

t`g `n}tev~+ _`n} qj} t`g |jtngkt} }tev~$ j} te do f~ t`g |jtngkt$ jko j}

gdnmntgo f~ t`g |`~}nmnjk$ qnt` `wkovgo} ei |etgktnjd zwgvng} vgajvonka

gygv~ |e}}nfdg }~c|tec$ ivec `gjo (kgwvedeanm. te teg (evtè|gonm.+

_`g }gmeko |jvt ei t`g qevhw| qj} t`g |`~}nmjd gpjcnkjtnek2 t`g

cgtèonmjd gpjcnkjtnek ei t`g |jtngkt$ jd}e ivec `gjo te teg+ Eygv t`g

mgktwvng} |`~}nmnjk} `jo ef}gvygo t`jt nt qj} |e}}nfdg te onjake}g cjk~on}gj}g} }nc|d~ f~ ef}gvynka t`g }nak} t`g~ dgit ek t`g feo~+ _`gvg qgvg

tèw}jko} ei }wm` }nak}}cjdd jko }wftdg$ ev }tvnhnka jko efynew}t`jt

mewdo |enkt te ev gygk vgygjd |jvtnmwdjv on}gj}g}+ Nk t`g cno# :>9


21/43

gjvd~ nk t`gnv nddkg}}$ fgievg t`g |`~}nmjd }nak} j||gjv ek t`g feo~$ jko ce}t |`~}nmnjk} oe ket

`jyg t`g `ewv nt tjhg} te |gvievc j mec|dgtg |`~}nmjd gpjcnkjtnek+


22/43


23/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 610:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo :> %::%::

Fwt jt Djawkj @ekoj nt qj} oniigvgkt+ \jtngkt} qgvg ijv jdeka nk t`gnv

on}gj}g}$ jko qg ono `jyg t`g tncg det} jko det} ei tncg te gpjcnkg

t`gc mjvgiwdd~+ Jko$ jdtèwa` No jdqj~} vg}|gmtgo t`g jvt ei t`g |`~}nmjd

gpjcnkjtnek$ keq N dgjvkgo bw}t èq eitgk t`g |`~}nmjd gpjcnkjtnek$ ev

nt} kgadgmt$ mewdo dgjo te$ ev cn}}$ t`g onjake}n}+

Nt qj} djtg jitgvkeek$ jko N qj} w| nk t`g P#vj~ og|jvtcgkt q`gk Ov+

Vecgve mjcg nk te deeh jt t`g P#vj~ ei `gv kgqd~ jocnttgo |jtngkt+ ]`g

`jokt gpjcnkgo `nc ~gt$ fwt `jo vw}`go te agt t`g P #vj~ tjhgk fgievg

t`g og|jvtcgkt mde}go jt iewv \C+

Ono N qjkt te deeh jt nt qnt` `gv5

]wvg+

]`g }kj||go t`g indc w| ek t`g dna`t fep$ jko qg fet` }tg||go fjmh

jko }mjkkgo nt+ Nt qj} jk P#vj~ ei j m`g}t dwka}$ `gjvt$ vnf}+ _`g dwka}

deehgo kevcjd$ jko t`g `gjvt deehgo kevcjd$ fwt mecnka ewt ei t`g vnf}

ek t`g dgit qj} }ecg `wag t`nka t`jt }ggcgo te fg j cj}} ei fekg ivja#

cgkt} jko tn}}wg+

Qeq+ _`jt} ket aeeo$ N }jno+ Q`jt n} nt5

N oekt hkeq+ N `jygkt }ggk t`g |jtngkt ~gt+

Qgdd$ q`jt oeg} nt }j~ nk t`g vgmevo}5

Nt oeg}kt }j~ jk~t`nka jfewt j cj}}+ Jdd N hkeq n} t`jt `g} fggk

jt t`g Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd iev tqe cekt`} fgmjw}g `g qj} qgjh jko de}nka

qgna`t+ _`g~ kgygv inawvgo ewt q`jt qj} qveka qnt` `nc$ fwt }nkmg `g

qj} ècgdg}}$ t`g~ }gkt `nc `gvg+

]e qg qgkt oeqk}tjnv} te inko t`g |jtngkt jko tjhg j deeh+ Qg iewko

Cv+ Bjmh}ek nk fgo$ |jdg$ t`nk$ jko }wv|vn}nkad~ }mvwii~$ anygk èq deka

`go fggk jt t`g Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd+ Ov+ Vecgve nktveowmgo `gv}gdi jko cg


24/43

: U ! d U U : # + n 610:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 6< %::%::

jko t`gk |wddgo fjmh t`g }`ggt}+ Cv+ Bjmh}ek} m`g}t qj} t`nk$ wkqj}`go$

jko fek~$ jko kgnt`gv ei w} mewdo }gg j cj}}+ Fwt t`gk Ov+ Vecgve veddgo

`nc ekte `n} vna`t }nog+ Jko t`gvg nt qj}$ j }tek~ dwc| j} fna j} j mdgkm`go

in}t$ aveqnka vna`t ewt ei `n} fjmh+ Nt qj} efynew}+ Cv+ Bjmh}ek `jo mjkmgv$


25/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n 610:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 6: %::%::

|vefjfd~ dwka ev hnokg~ mjkmgv+ _`jt qj} t`g vgj}ek iev `n} wkgp|djnkgo

qgna`t de}} jko qgjhkg}}+

Ov+ Vecgve }na`go+ _`g kwv}g} cw}t `jtg t`g nktgvk} jt t`g Mewkt~$

}`g }jno+

Jko q`jt }`g cgjkt qj} t`jt$ gygk ni t`g nktgvk} jko vg}nogkt} jko

jttgkonka |`~}nmnjk} `jo kgygv veddgo Cv+ Bjmh}ek ekte `n} vna`t }nog j}

qg bw}t `jo$ t`g kwv}g} cw}t `jyg oekg }e$ cjk~ tncg}+ _`g~ cw}t `jyg}ggk t`jt dwc|+ Ono t`g~ kgygv tgdd t`g nktgvk} jfewt nt$ fgmjw}g t`g~ qgvg

jkav~$ }wddgk$ jko igdt jfw}go5 Ev ono t`g~ tgdd t`g nktgvk} cjk~ tncg}

jko cjk~ nktgvk} fwt nk t`g kgq }~}tgc t`jt |vetgmtgo t`g nktgvk}

ivec }dgg|# og|vnyjtnek f~ j}}naknka t`gc }`nit} nk}tgjo ei |jtngkt}$ ono

gjm` nktgvk bw}t |j}} jdeka t`g kgq} ei t`g dwc| te t`g kgpt5

_`jt }jcg jitgvkeek$ Ov+ Vecgve }gkt Cv+ Bjmh}ek fjmh te t`g Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd$ jko `g

kgygv vgtwvkgo+ Ce}t dnhgd~ t`jt qj} j aeeo t`nka+ \vefjfd~ t`g }wvagek}

fne|}ngo ev gygk vgceygo t`g dwc|$ jko t`g ekmedean}t}$ qnt` t`g cjvygdew}

cnvjmdg} ei ceogvk cgonmnkg$ }wmmg}}iwdd~ tvgjtgo `n} mjkmgv qnt`

m`gcet`gvj|~ jko vjonjtnek+ Cv+ Bjmh}ek qj} |vefjfd~ on}m`jvago ivec

t`g Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd$ nc|veygo ev gygk mwvgo+

Vgajvodg}}$ Cv+ Bjmh}ek `jo tjwa`t cg }ecgt`nka nc|evtjkt+ Nt qj}

ket t`jt jdd |jtngkt} }èwdo `jyg P#vj~}$ jko t`jt t`g P#vj~} }èwdo fg

|gv}ekjdd~ deehgo jt f~ t`g |`~}nmnjk$ jdtèwa` t`jt qj} ekg dg}}ek te

fg dgjvkgo ivec `n} }tev~+ Kev qj} nt t`jt meccwknmjtnek fgtqggk kwv}nka

j}}n}tjkt jko nktgvk$ oemtev jko kwv}g$ qj} mvwmnjd iev |jtngkt mjvg$ jdtèwa`

t`jt$ tee$ qj} j dg}}ek+ Q`jt N teeh jqj~ ivec Cv+ Bjmh}ek qj}2 _`g

onjake}n} n} qvnttgk ek t`g feo~deeh iev nt+ _wvk t`g |jtngkt ek `n} }nog8

gpjcnkg `nc tèvewa`d~+ Oekt cn}} t`g efynew}+

_`n} dg}}ek |veygo nt} yjdwg te cg cjk~ tncg}+ Jt Djawkj @ekoj N

qewdo jocnt `wkovgo} ei |jtngkt} iev qèc t`g hg~ te onjake}n}$ jko eitgk te giigmtnyg

tvgjtcgkt$ qj} bw}t j} gj}~ te inko j} nt `jo fggk qnt` Cv+ Bjmh}ek$ ni ~ew hkgq q gvg te deeh iev

nt jko ono deeh iev nt+ Jdd tè}g


26/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 66 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 66 %::%::

ogtjnd} ei t`g |`~}nmjd gpjcnkjtnek nk OgAeqnk ) OgAeqnk2 jdd tè}g

}`jonka} ei medev8 tè}g |jttgvk}8 tè}g }wftdg }ewko}8 t`g |vg}gkmg ei

jfkevcjdnt~8 t`g jf}gkmg ei kevcjdnt~8 jko }ecgtncg} gygk t`g |vg}gkmg

ei kevcjdnt~$ mewdo$ N dgjvkgo nk tè}g inv}t igq ~gjv}$ }jyg j dnig+ Q`nm` n}

t`g ce}t }jtn}i~nka$ oemtevd~ t`nka ei jdd+

_`gvg qj} t`g mj}g ei Cv+ Avgkr$ iev nk}tjkmg+Dgy Avgkr qj} j ~ewka \edn}` cjk ivec Aojk}h qèo tjhgk

te ovnkh+ Jko N cgjk tjhgkzwjvt} jko zwjvt} ei yeohj gygv~ oj~+ @g

qj} dekgd~8 `n} anvdivngko dgit `nc8 `g de}t `n} bef8 `g `jo ke ijcnd~ iev

q`jtgygv vgj}ek$ `g ovjkh j aeeo ogjd+ Owvnka ekg gpmg|tnekjdd~ dekgd~

tncg$ `g ovjkh }e cwm` t`jt t`g jdmeèd jtg t`vewa` `n} |jkmvgj}+ _`n} n}

eitgk ijtjd$ fgmjw}g t`g |jkmvgj} t`gk }|ndd} nt} onag}tnyg gkr~cg} nkte

t`g fgdd~$ q`gvg t`g~ fgank te onag}t t`g et`gv evajk} dnygv$ }|dggk$

nktg}tnkg}+

Cv+ Avgkr }|gkt cjk~ qggh} kgjv ogjt` nk t`g nktgk}nyg mjvg wknt jt

t`g Mewkt~ @e}|ntjd+ @g `jo `wkovgo} ei fdeeo tg}t}$ }mevg} ei P#vj~}

jko M_ }mjk}$ jko kwcgvew} twfg} nk}gvtgo ket ekd~ nkte `n} kjtwvjd

evnin mg} fwt nkte jvtnin mnjd evnin mg} j} qgdd+ J twfg qj} nk}gvtgo nkte `n}

fgdd~ te ovjnk nt ei nt} |en}ek}+ Jket`gv twfg qj} |wt nk te iggo `nc+

J twfg qj} |wt nkte `n} jvc$ }e t`jt `g mewdo fg anygk fdeeo jko jktn#

fnetnm}8 jko }tndd jket`gv twfg qj} |djmgo nk}nog `n} `gjvt$ }e t`jt t`g

oemtev} mewdo mektnkwew}d~ cgj}wvg nt} |vg}}wvg}+ Owvnka t`jt |jvtn #

mwdjv |vemgowvg$ t`g twfg |wkmtwvgo t`g avgjt ygnk aenka nkte t`g `gjvt$

jko t`gvg qj} fdggonka nkte Cv+ Avgkr} dwka$ jko }e jket`gv twfg `jote fg nk}gvtgo$ t`n} ekg nkte `n} m`g}t te ovjnk t`g fdeeo jko vggp|jko

`n} dwka+

Fwt$ inkjdd~$ `g }tjfndnrgo+ Ceogvk cgonmjd tgm`kedea~ `jo }jygo `nc$ jko$ tèwa` `g qj}

}tndd zwntg ndd$ `g qj} ke dekagv NMW cjtgvnjd8 `g qj} Djawkj @ekoj cjtgvnjd+ Ev }e t`g


27/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 66 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 6= %::%::

oemtev} jt Mewkt~ fgdngygo+

Jko `gvg `g qj}$ c~ kgq |jtngkt iev t`g oj~$ iev vg}t$ vgmw|gvjtnek$ jko

vg`jfndntjtnek+

Q`gk N qgkt eygv te cggt jko gpjcnkg `nc$ èqgygv$ Cv+ Avgkr

}wv|vn}go cg+ Q`jt }wv|vn}go cg qj} `n} tekawg+ @n} tekawg `jo ket

fggk cgktnekgo nk `n} vgmevo}+

Cv+ Avgkr} tekawg qj} ygv~ djvag+ Nt qj} }e djvag t`jt nt }twmh `jdi#

qj~ ewt ei `n} cewt`+ Nt qj} fggi~# vgo jko ov~$ t`nmh j} qgdd j} deka$

jko ke cjttgv èq `g tvngo$ nt qewdo ket$ mewdo ket fg in t fjmh nkte `n}

cewt`+

Et`gvqn}g$ Cv+ Dgy Avgkr deehgo |vgtt~ aeeo$ jdd mek}nogvgo+ @g

qj} ekd~ tqgkt~# gna`t$ fwt fjdonka$ qnt` |jdg fdwg g~g} jko j }èvt

\edn}` ke}g+ @n} kgmh qj} t`nmh qnt` cjk~ `gjdgo }mjv}$ jko `n} feo~

qj} idjff~$ jk gp#cw}mwdjv qevhcjk} feo~+ @n} ijmg ono }ggc vjt`gv

tee djvag iev `n} feo~$ jko nt qj} j fnt ow}h~+ Fwt nt qj} t`g tekawg t`jt

teeh cg jfjmh+

@eq deka `j} ~ewv tekawg fggk dnhg t`jt5 N j}hgo `nc+

Nt qj} `jvo te wkogv}tjko `n} vg}|ek}g+

N| |ggk onhg ojt |ev j cek|t`$ `g vg|dngo$ nk j \edn}` jmmgkt cnpgo

qnt` tekawg+

Nt `jo fggk dnhg t`jt iev j cekt`5 _`jt qj} }tvjkag+ No kgygv }ggk

jk~t`nka dnhg nt fgievg+ Ono t`g~ cn}} nt jt t`g Mewkt~5 @jo t`g tgjc ei

oemtev} m`jkago }e ivgzwgktd~ t`jt ke ekg vgjdnrgo t`jt t`n} j||gjvjkmg

qj} ket t`g j||gjvjkmg t`jt fgdekago te ~ewka Cv+ Avgkr5 Ono ke ekg nk

t`g NMW }tg| fjmh jko deeh jt t`gnv |jtngkt j} t`g~ qgvg nk}gvtnka tè}g

dnig}jynka twfg} jko cekntev}5 Ev ono t`g~ hkeq Cv+ Avgkr} wkw}wjdtekawg ygv~ qgdd jko }nc|d~ dgjyg nt ewt ei t`gnv vgmevo}5

_`g djvag jko ow}h~ ijmg$ }qeddgk tekawg$ jko t`nmh kgmh beaago

}ecgt`nka nk c~ cnko j vjvg }~kovecg No dgjvkgo jfewt nk cgonmjd }mèed$ mjddgo t`g

}w|gvnev ygkj mjyj}~kovecg+ _`g }w|gvnev ygkj mjyj n} t`g djvag ygnk t`jt fvnka} ygkew} fdeeo$


28/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n 66 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 6? %::%::

ow}h~ jko og|dgtgo ei ep~agk$ ivec t`g w||gv |jvt ei t`g feo~jvc}$ kgmh$ `gjo$ ijmgfjmh

te t`g `gjvt+ Ni nt agt} fdemhgo f~ j twcev ev jk jf}mg}} ev gygk f~ }mjvvnka$ t`gk


29/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 67 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 6> %::%::

t`g og|dgtgo fdeeo fwndo} w|$ jko t`g ijmg jko w||gv |jvt ei t`g feo~ agt

ow}h~ jko }qeddgk+ N qj}kt }wvg q`gt`gv t`jt qewdo mjw}g j tekawg te

}qgdd$ fwt nt qewdo mgvtjnkd~ gp|djnk `n} }qeddgk jko ow}h~ ijmg+

No dgjvkgo te |wt jqj~ }wm` tèwa`t} q`ndg N gpjcnkg o j |jtngkt$

èqgygv8 jko }e N mektnkwgo te ae eygv Cv+ Avgkr} feo~+ @g }tndd `jo

t`g èdg nk `n} kgmh ivec t`g fvgjt`nka twfg t`jt `jo hg|t `nc jdnyg iev

qggh}8 jko t`gvg qj} t`g }mjv ek `n} m`g}t ivec t`g twfg t`jt `jo ovjnkgo

`n} dwka} ei fdeeo+ _`g }ewko} ei `n} `gjvt qgvg cwiid go+ @n} fgdd~ qj}

}qeddgk jko jd}e }mjvvgo$ qnt` j iggonka twfg }tndd nk |djmg+ @n} }hnk qj}

oewa`~$ jko `n} dnig ievmg oncnkn}`go8 `g qj} |vgtt~ }nmh$ N mekmdwogo$ fwt

ogin kntgd~ jdnyg+

]tndd t`g }qeddgk$ ow}h~ ijmg jko t`g djvag tekawg fet`gvgo cg+ Q`~

qewdo j tekawg }qgdd t`jt cwm` jko }tj~ }qeddgk5 N igdt t`g tekawg+ Nt qj}

t`nmh$ cw}mwdjv$ jko invc$ ket oewa`~8 nt qj} j |`~}nedeanm }qgddnka$ jko

ket jk jddgvanm vgjmtnek+

Nt `jo te fg t`g }w|gvnev ygkj mjyj }~kovecg+ Ni }e$ q`jt qj} t`g

mjw}g5 ]mjv tn}}wg ivec ekg ei `n} cjk~ |vemgowvg}5 Jk jf}mg}}5 J twcev5

Djawkj @ekoj qj} ket ijkm~8 qg `jo ke M_ }mjk jko ke gcgvagkm~

veec$ fwt N qekogvgo ni N cna`t }gg }ecgt`nka `gd|iwd qnt` j }nc|dg

P#vj~+ ]e N }gkt Cv+ Avgkr w|}tjnv} jko ieddeqgo vna`t jqj~ te tjhg j deeh

c~}gdi+

Keq$ jk P#vj~ n} |vgtt~ dncntnka j} te q`jt ~ew mjk }gg$ q`nm` n} q`~

M_ }mjk} qgvg nkygktgo+ Jk P#vj~ ekd~ }èq} }`joeq}+ _`g }`joeq} ei

Cv+ Avgkr} dwka}$ N }jq$ qgvg }cjdd8 `g qj}kt tjhnka cwm` ei j fvgjt`$

fwt `n} dwka} qgvg mdgjv ei nkigmtnek$ jf}mg}}$ jko twcev+ _`g }`joeq ei

`n} }w|gvnev ygkj mjyj ono }ggc qnogv t`jk nt }èwdo `jyg fggk8 fwt nt qj}t`g }`joeq ei `n} `gjvt t`jt N onokt gp|gmt+ Cv+ Avgkr} `gjvt qj} ygv~

djvag$ jko nt qj} eood~ }`j|goadefwdjv$ hnko ei dnhg jk edo# ij}`nekgo

èt#qjtgv fettdg+

Nt qj} ekg ei tè}g tncg} t`jt N onokt hkeq q`jt N qj} }ggnka$ fwt N hkgq t`jt q`jt N qj}


30/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n 6? 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo 69 %::%::

}ggnka qj}kt kevcjd+ ]e N qgkt oeqk}tjnv} te t`g oemtev} eiin mg te agt }ecg `gd|+

Ov+ Inktkgv qj} }nttnka jt t`g dnttdg og}h }`g }`jvgo qnt` Ov+ Vecgve+

]`g qj} }evtnka t`vewa` t`g |jtngkt} vgmevo} }`go |ndgo ek te| ei jdd t`g

cjnd }`g }jygo$ jko }`g deehgo j fnt ivj~go+

@g~$ Bwdng$ mecg w| jko deeh jt jk P#vj~ qnt` cg+ N oekt hkeq q`jt

nt n}$ fwt nt} }ecgt`nka+

]`g bwc|go jt t`g m`jkmg+

Ek t`g qj~ w|}tjnv} N tedo `gv jfewt Cv+ Avgkr} ijmg jko tekawg$

jko }`g }twongo `n} P#vj~ iev zwntg j q`ndg+ Inkjdd~ }`g }jno$ Ynmtevnj$ nt}

j |gvnmjvonjd giiw}nek+

J`+ g}+ Ei mewv}g+

Keq$ j |gvnmjvonjd giiw}nek cgjk} t`jt t`gvg n} idwno fgtqggk t`g

`gjvt jko t`g |gvnmjvonjd }jm$ q`nm` n} t`jt }`nk~ mgdde|`jkg No }ggk

jvewko Cv+ @nmhcjk} `gjvt+ Kevcjdd~ t`gvg n} ekd~ j }cjdd jcewkt ei

idwno fgtqggk t`gc$ bw}t gkewa` te dwfvnmjtg t`g `gjvt j} nt gp|jko} jko

mektvjmt}+ J |gvnmjvonjd giiw}nek cgjk} t`gvg n} j det ei idwno nk t`g }jm8

iev j `gjvt te fg j} djvag j} nt qj} ek Cv+ Avgkr} P #vj~$ t`gvg `jo te fg j

`wag jcewkt ei idwno+

_`jt gptvj idwno qewdo |wt |vg}}wvg jajnk}t t`g `gjvt jko$ nk twvk$

ek t`g }w|gvnev ygkj mjyj$ mjw}nka fdeeo te fjmh w| nkte Cv+ Avgkr}

kgmh$ ijmg$ jko tekawg+ _`n} qewdo gp|djnk$ |gv`j|}$ `n} }w|gvnev ygkj

mjyj ef}tvwmtnek+ Ni }e$ N qj} |e}}nfd~ deehnka jt jk gcgvagkm~$ fgmjw}g

q`jtgygv qj} inddnka w| t`g |gvnmjvonjd }jm cna`t hgg| ek inddnka nt w| wktnd

nt |wt }e cwm` |vg}}wvg ek t`g `gjvt t`jt t`g `gjvt mewdo ke dekagv fgjt+

_`n} n} mjddgo mjvonjm tjc|ekjog$ jko nt mjk fg ijtjd+

_`g hg~ zwg}tnek qj}2 @eq ij}t qj} t`n} `j||gknka5 @eq deka `jo

Cv+ Avgkr} `gjvt fggk t`n} fna5 J qggh$ j cekt`5 Ev j oj~5

Nt qj} kgygv gj}~ te tvjmh oeqk j on}m`jvanka oemtev$ jko nt teeh cg

j q`ndg$ fwt$ gygktwjdd~$ N ono agt `edo ei Cv+ Avgkr} oemtev+ @g qj} |vgtt~ }wvg t`jt Cv+

Avgkr} `gjvt `jo fggk t`jt fna iev }ecg tncg+


31/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 61 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


@eq }wvg5

\vgtt~ }wvg+

Jko t`g tekawg5


32/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n 60 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


E`$ `g} `jo t`jt djvag tekawg iev j cekt`+

_`jt qj} vgj}}wvnka+ _`jt cjog nt dg}} dnhgd~ t`jt N qj} deehnka jt jk

gcgvagkt |gvnmjvonjd giiw}nek$ tèwa` nt onokt kgajtg t`g |e}}nfndnt~+ Nt

ono$ èqgygv$ cjhg nt `jvogv te vjtnekjdnrg }gkonka Cv+ Avgkr fjmh te t`g

Mewkt~ iev j djvag tekawg jko fna `gjvt t`jt `g o `jo iev j cekt`+ Ek t`g

et`gv `jko$ ni N nakevgo tè}g }nak} q`ndg Cv+ Avgkr} |gvnmjvonjd giiw}nek

mektnkwgo te nkmvgj}g + + + +

]woogkd~ N vgcgcfgvgo+ _`gvg qj} j qj~ te tgdd èq cwm` ei jk

gcgvagkm~ Cv+ Avgkr qj}+ Nt qj}kt ijkm~$ gnt`gv+ Nt qj} }nc|dg jko kek#

tgm`knmjd$ jko og}mvnfgo nk OgAeqnk ) OgAeqnk+ Fgmjw}g ei t`g vgdjtnek#

}`n| fgtqggk t`g fgjtnka `gjvt jko t`g gp|jkonka jko mektvjmtnka dwka}$

t`g fdeeo |vg}}wvg n} ket t`g }nc|dg cgj}wvgcgkt nt `j} fgmecg+ Fgievg

t`g }tgjo~ fgjt mjddgo }~}tedg$ t`gvg n} j `na`gv |vg}}wvg jt q`nm` j igq

fgjt} inv}t agt t`vewa` t`g nkid jtgo fdeeo |vg}}wvg mwii+ _`g oniigvgkmg

fgtqggk t`jt `na`gv |vg}}wvg jko t`g |vg}}wvg ei }~}tedg n} mjddgo t`g

|jvjoepnmjd |wd}g+ Nt n} gj}~ te cgj}wvg8 jdd ~ew `jyg te oe n} tjhg j fdeeo

|vg}}wvg jko dn}tgk iev tè}g inv}t igq fgjt}+ Jmmevonka te OgAeqnk )

OgAeqnk$ t`g kevcjd |jvjoepnmjd |wd}g qj} dg}} t`jk tgk |enkt}+ _`g

`na`gv eygv tgk nt qj}$ t`g cevg dnhgd~ t`jt t`g `gjvt qj} jfewt te }te|+

Keq$ nt w}go te fg t`jt oemtev} t`gc}gdyg} teeh t`g fdeeo |vg}}wvg

ei t`gnv |jtngkt}+ _`g inv}t t`nka j |`~}nmnjk qewdo oe q`gk `g }jq j

|jtngkt qj} tjhg t`g yntjd }nak}t`g fdeeo |vg}}wvg jko |wd}g$ t`g tgc#

|gvjtwvg jko t`g vg}|nvjtev~ vjtg+ Nk ijmt$ t`g yntjd }nak} qgvg mek}nogvgo

te fg t`g ce}t nc|evtjkt$ t`g ce}t yntjd feo~ }nak} ei jdd+ _`g~ cgj}wvgo

yntj dnig jko tjhnka t`gc |veynogo kwcfgv} iev t`g fgjtnka ei t`g

`gjvt$ t`g `gjt ei t`g feo~$ jko t`g ynyni~nka fvgjt`+ Fwt f~ t`g djtg tqgk#tngt` mgktwv~$ t`g |vg}tnag ei t`g yntjd }nak} `jo twcfdgo oeqk t`g }de|g$

ivec oemtev te kwv}g$ te kwv}nka j}}n}tjkt$ te cjm`nkg$ jko teoj~ t`g~ jvg

vjvgd~ tjhgk f~ j `wcjk+ Nk}tgjo$ q`gk j |jtngkt inv}t jvvnyg}$ j kwv}nka j}}n}tjkt q`ggd} t`g yntjd#

}nak cjm`nkg ewt$ jttjm`g} j |dj}tnm |nkmgv te t`g |jtngkt} inkagv$ jko vgjo} eii nt} ijmg |vgmn}g


33/43

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: U ! d U U : # + n 6> 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


kwcfgv} iev t`g fdeeo |vg}}wvg$ |wd}g$ tgc|gvjtwvg$ jko vg}|nvjtev~ vjtg+ _`g cjm`nkg vgjonka}

jvg nk}tjkt jko vg|gjtjfdg+ Fwt t`g cjm`nkg n} ket |veavjccgo te tjhg

t`g |jvjoepnmjd |wd}g+ ]e t`g |jvjoepnmjd |wd}g n} kgygv tjhgk+

Ov+ Inktkgv jko N dgit t`g P#vj~ og|jvtcgkt jko qgkt fjmh te t`g

jocnttnka qjvo+ N iewko j fdeeo |vg}}wvg mwii jko qgkt eygv te Cv+

Avgkr$ qè qj} fjmh nk fgo$ deehnka gp`jw}tgo jko qjk+ N teeh `n} fdeeo

|vg}}wvg+ Jt :1< N `gjvo t`g inv}t igq fgjt} t`jt qj} t`g inv}t cgj}wvg#cgkt+ Jt :?< N `gjvo t`g vg}t ei t`g fgjt} ei }~}tedg+ Cv+ Avgkr `jo j

|jvjoepnmjd |wd}g ei t`nvt~ |enkt}+ @n} |gvnmjvonjd }jm qj} inddnka w| vj|#

nod~+ Nt qewdo }eek mjw}g mjvonjm tjc|ekjog$ jko `n} `gjvt qewdo }te|+

Q`gk N tedo Cv+ Avgkr `g qj} aenka fjmh te t`g Mewkt~ @e}|n#

tjd$ `g qj} ket `j||~+ Kgnt`gv qj} t`g Mewkt~+ Kgygvt`gdg}}$ tqe èwv}

djtgv `g qj} nk t`g mjvonjm mjt`gtgvnrjtnek djfevjtev~$ q`gvg$ wkogv ynoge

cekntevnka jko qnt` t`g iwdd dwpwv~ ei ceogvk cgonmjd tgm`kedea~$ tqe

zwjvt} ei fdeeo qgvg ovjnkgo ivec `n} |gvnmjvonjd }jm+ _`n} ivggo w| `n}

`gjvt jko jddeqgo nt te }tjvt fgjtnka kevcjdd~+

J} j cjttgv ei ijmt$ nt }jygo `n} dnig+

Q`jt t`g }wvagek djtgv }|gmwdjtgo qj} t`jt Cv+ Avgkr cw}t `jyg

`jo j }deq dgjh ei fdeeo nkte `n} |gvnmjvonjd }jm iev qggh}$ |vefjfd~

fgmjw}g ei t`g |vemgowvg t`jt `jo |wkmtwvgo jko meddj|}go `n} dwka+ _`jt

}deq fwndow| ei |vg}}wvg avjowjdd~ ef}tvwmtgo `n} }w|gvnev ygkj mjyj jko

mjw}go `n} ijmg jko tekawg te }qgdd+ Keq t`jt t`g fdeeo qj} vgceygo$ t`g

}wvagek tèwa`t t`jt t`g |gvnmjvonjd }jm qewdo }tnmh te t`g `gjvt jko ket

fdggo jajnk+ Cv+ Avgkr} ijmg qewdo vgtwvk te kevcjd$ tèwa` `g mewdokt

}j~ jfewt t`g tekawg+

_qe oj~} djtgv$ Cv+ Avgkr mjcg fjmh te cg+ @g ono deeh fgttgv+ @n}

medev qj} |nkhgv8 `n} ijmg ket zwntg }e fna$ jdtèwa` `n} tekawg qj} jfewt

t`g }jcg+ @g }tndd `jo t`g e|gk èdg ivec `n} fvgjt`nka twfg jko t`g twfg

nk `n} }tecjm` iev iggonka8 jko `g }tndd `jo t`jt }èmhgo deeh nk `n} g~g} t`jt }jno2 Q`jt `j||gkgo

te cg5 Q`jt n} jdd t`n}5


34/43

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: U ! d U U : # + n 69 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo =< %::%::

Fwt `g qj} ~ewka+ Avjowjdd~ `n} feo~ vgmek}tntwtgo jko vg|jnvgo nt}gdi+ _`g èdg nk `n}

kgmh }mjvvgo oeqk jko mde}go+ _`gk `g qj} jfdg te tjdh j fnt jvewko

t`g tekawg jko gjt+ ]e `n} iggonka twfg mewdo fg

vgceygo+ @n} }tvgkat` vgtwvkgo$ jko `g qj} jfdg inv}t te }nt nk j m`jnv

jko t`gk te qjdh+ @n} g~g} fvna`tgkgo$ jko `n} ceygcgkt} zwnmhgkgo+

@n} tekawg }`vjkh$ tèwa` kgygv ono nt int gktnvgd~ fjmh nk `n} cewt`+

@n} anvdivngko mjcg fjmh$ jko$ jitgv }gygvjd cekt`}$ N qvetg Cv+ Avgkr}

on}m`jvag evogv+

N mjkt }j~ t`jt `g t`jkhgo w} q`gk `g dgit+ @g qj} }tndd jkav~ jko

}twkkgo8 jko `g |wt t`g igq |e}}g}}nek} `go jmzwnvgo j mew|dg ei

iedogo }`nvt} jko }djmh} nkte j |j|gv fja jko dgit qntèwt }j~nka jk~#

t`nka jt jdd+ @g qj} }tndd$ N fgdngyg$ jkav~ jfewt t`g tekawg+ Djtgv N `gjvo

`go iewko `nc}gdi j djq~gv jko qj} }wnka t`g Mewkt~ iev cjd|vjmtnmg$

tèwa` N oekt hkeq q`gt`gv `g qek `n} }wnt ev de}t$ ev q`jtgygv `j|#

|gkgo te `n} tekawg+

@g ono dgjyg cg qnt` }ecgt`nka$ èqgygv+ Q`jt Nyg jdqj~} hg|t nk cnko }nkmg Cv+ Avgkr

n} t`jt gygk t`g ce}t }wftdg |`~}nmjd inkonka }ecgt`nka j} cnkev$ j} }nc|dg$ jko j} vjvg j} t`g

|jvjoepnmjd |wd}gmjk }jyg j dnig+

Cgjkq`ndg N qj} dgjvknka Djtnk+Nt w}go te fg t`jt jdd oemtev} hkgq Djtnk+ Iev mgktwvng}$ cgonmjd

feeh} qgvg qvnttgk nk Djtnk8 cgonmjd tgvc} qgvg ogvnygo ivec Djtnk8 jko$

ce}t nc|evtjkt$ nk t`g oj~} fgievg }mngkmg$ t`g hkeqdgoag ei Djtnk

oniigvgktnjtgo t`g |`~}nmnjk ivec t`g tvjontnekjd `gjdgv+ Gygk jt Djawkj

@ekoj$ jdd t`g oemtev} ek t`g jocnttnka qjvo$ gpmg|t iev cg$ hkgq Djtnk$

jdtèwa` gjm` iev j oniigvgkt vgj}ek+ Ov+ Inktkgv hkgq Djtnk fgmjw}g }`g

qgkt te cgonmjd }mèed q`gk Djtnk qj} }tndd vgzwnvgo+ Ov+ Vjm`cjk hkgq

Djtnk fgmjw}g }`go fggk gowmjtgo f~ kwk}8 jko Ov+ Vecgve hkgq Djtnk

fgmjw}g }`g qgkt$ ek }mèdjv}`n|$ te gdntg Gj}tgvk |vnyjtg }mèed}+ Fwt N


35/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n =: 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


`jo kgygv dgjvkgo nt$ Djtnk `jynka fggk vg|djmgo f~ t`g tncg N qgkt te

cgonmjd }m`eed qnt` |`~}nm}$ mjdmwdw}$ jko fnem`gcn}tv~+

Fwt @ndogajvo qvetg nk Djtnk$ jko N hkgq t`jt vgjonka `gv eqk qevo}nk `gv eqk djkawjag qewdo fg mvwmnjd iev wkogv}tjkonka `gv cgonmnkg+


36/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n =6 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


Inkonka j qj~ te dgjvk Djtnk$ èqgygv$ qj} ket gj}~+ _`g meccwknt~ med#

dgag} ono ket eiigv nt$ jko gygk jt t`g wknygv}nt~ t`g e|gvjtev mekkgmtgo

cg t`vewa` te Djtnk Jcgvnmjk ]twong}+ ]e N aet j twtev$ jko nk t`g gyg#

knka} jitgv No tjhgk mjvg ei c~ |jtngkt}$ N }twongo Djtnk+ Nt qj} j |veyemj#

tnyg jko vnm` }two~ ket }e cwm` t`g cndntjv~ gp|dent} ei Mjg}jv ev t`g

v`gtevnm ei Mnmgve$ fwt t`g djkawjag$ t`g qevo} t`gc}gdyg}+

Kgpt N qgkt deehnka iev j qj~ te dgjvk @ndogajvo} Djtnk nk |jvtnmwdjv+Fgmjw}g nt twvkgo ewt t`jt @ndogajvo qvetg Cgongyjd Djtnk$ ket Mdj}}nmjd

Djtnk$ jko t`g~ oniigvgo+ Cgongyjd Djtnk qj} cevg meddezwnjd t`jk Mdj}#

}nmjd8 nt qj} t`g djkawjag t`jt t`g Cnoodg Jag} }|ehg$ j} qgdd j} qvetg+

Nt qj} jd}e gygk cevg ef}mwvg j }wfbgmt t`jk Mdj}}nmjd Djtnk+ Nt teeh cg

j q`ndg$ fwt$ gygktwjdd~$ N iewko t`jt t`g wknygv}nt~ kgjv q`gvg N dnygo

eiigvgo j }gcnkjv nk Cgongyjd Djtnk+

Ov+ Cjbev jddeqgo cg ekg cevknka j qggh jt t`g wknygv}nt~$ jko

t`gvg N cgt jko qj} cgktevgo f~ t`jt zwnktg}}gktnjd cgongyjd }mèdjv

Agevag Fveqk+

\veig}}ev Fveqk `jo ket ekg fwt tqe \Ò}$ jko fgievg `go fgmecg

j |veig}}ev$ `go fggk nk j Bg}wnt }gcnkjv~+ Kjtwvjdd~ tek}wvgo f~ `jnv

de}}$ `g qevg j fgjvo$ jko deehgo }wv|vn}nkad~ dnhg t`g }wfbgmt ei `n} cjk~

cekeavj|`}$ t`g Ygkgvjfdg Fgog+ ]cjdd jko int$ \veig}}ev Fveqk }gt t`g

}tjkojvo iev cgongyjd }mèdjv}`n| j} cwm` f~ t`g |vg}}go }`nvt$ |vgmn}gd~

tngo mvjyjt$ jko qeed fdjrgv `g qevg$ ke cjttgv èq èt t`g oj~$ j} `g ono

f~ `n} mjvgiwd }twong}+ @g qj} j} }eit# }|ehgk$ ceog}t$ jko zwngtd~ nktgd#

dnagkt j }mèdjv j} Ov+ Inktkgv qj} j oemtev+

Mdj}}g} qgvg `gdo nk ekg ei t`g tjqk~ }tekg jko vgo# veeigo fwndonka}

ei t`g wknygv}nt~+ Nt ajyg cg j }tjvt$ }ecgtncg}$ j} N qjdhgo |j}t t`g iewk#

tjnk}$ t`g Vecjkg}zwg m`wvm`$ jko oeqk t`g mden}tgvgo qjdh te mdj}}$ te

vgjdnrg èq }ncndjv qgvg t`g nk}tntwtnek} ei wknygv}nt~ jko è}|ntjd+ Fet`

`jo mecg nkte t`gnv eqk owvnka t`g tqgdit` mgktwv~+ Fet` gp|vg}}go t`g kekcekgtjv~ yjdwg}

t`jt t`g Qg}t |djmgo ek dgjvknka jko `gjdnka+ Fet` |veig}}ev jko oemtev qgvg nk }gvynmg te


37/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n == 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


nogjd} t`jt qgkt fg~eko t`gc}gdyg}+

_`gvg qgvg jd}e |veiewko oniigvgkmg}+ Jvewko cg$ j} N qjdhgo te

mdj}} qgvg ~ewt` jko qgjdt`+ ]emngt~ qj} }|gkonka nt} vg}ewvmg} ek nt}

iwtwvg j deka$ |veowmtnyg dnig dj~ j`gjo ei tè}g }twogkt}$ ket dnhg t`g

|jtngkt} jt c~ è}|ntjd+ Jd}e$ gowmjtnek$ wkdnhg cgonmnkg$ `jo ket ~gt

fggk mecceonin go+ _`g wknygv}nt~ qj} ket ~gt jk nkievcjtnek |veynogv$

jko \veig}}ev Fveqk ket ekd~ deehgo jko jmtgo fwt qj} tvgjtgo dnhg t`g

}mèdjvd~ hkna`t `g qj}+

N dgjvkgo ket ekd~ Cgongyjd Djtnk ivec `nc fwt jd}e |jdgeavj|`~

t`jt n}$ èq te vgjo t`g `jkoqvntnka ei t`g |vg|vnkt Cnoodg Jag}+ N

dgjvkgo jfewt ade}}g} t`g ketg} qvnttgk kgpt te ev fgtqggk t`g dnkg} ei j

cjkw}mvn|t t`jt meccgktgo ek t`g tgpt+ Jko N dgjvkgo jfewt |jdnc|}g}t$

}`joeq tgpt} t`jt mewdo }ecgtncg} fg on}mgvkgo fgkgjt` jket`gv tgpt+

\jvm`cgkt t`g }`gg|}hnk ek q`nm` gygv~ekg qvetg owvnka t`g Cnoodg

Jag}`jo fggk gp|gk}nyg$ jko nt qj} }ecgtncg} vgw}go f~ }mvj|nka nkh

eii edo |jag}+ _`n} qn|go t`g |jag mdgjk$ fwt ket mec|dgtgd~+ _`g gvj}go

tgpt mewdo }tndd fg }ggk j} j ijnkt }`joeq fgkgjt` t`g kgq+

\jdnc|}g}t }ggcgo te fg j |gvigmt qj~ ei og}mvnfnka q`jt N qj} fgankknka te dgjvk jt

Djawkj @ekoj2 _`jt wkogvkgjt` ewv }mngktnin m ceogvk cgonmnkg qj} jk gjvdngv qj~ ei

wkogv}tjkonka t`g feo~gvj}go$ te fg }wvg$ bw}t j ijnkt }`joeq ek ewv mek}mnew}kg}}$ fwt jmtnyg

nk ewv tèwa`t} jko og}nvg}$ kekgt`gdg}}+

_`g tqe cekt`} No |vecn}go Ov+ Cjbev qgvg deka aekg$ jko }`g `jo ket

zwgvngo cg jfewt c~ |djk}+ N qj} mecievtjfdg ek t g jocnttnka

qjvo$ }ggnka |jtngkt} qnt` Ov+ Vjm`cjk$ Ov+ Vecgve$ jko Ov+ Inktkgv$jko N qj} cevg jko cevg nktvnawgo f~ t`g è}|ntjd+ N qj} fgankknka te

dgjvk }ecgt`nka }|gmnjd ivec c~ |jtngkt}$ }ecgt`nka t`jt qewdo tjhg cg

jdd c~ ~gjv} jt Djawkj @ekoj te avj}|$ jko t`jt qj} t`g gp|gvngkmg ei

fgnka j |jtngkt+


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: U ! d U U : # + n 60 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo =? %::%::

Nt `j||gkgo fgmjw}g N }jq c~ |jtngkt} tqnmg ev gygk t`vgg tncg}

j oj~$ w}wjdd~ iev cekt`}8 N aet te hkeq t`gc$ jko t`g~$ ei mewv}g$ cg+


39/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n =6 66%::%:: 2 126= \C

>10:7>??00?=9UAeo!}@etgdU_PU|:#=?0+nkoo =7 %::%::

_eqjvo t`g gko ei tè}g inv}t ~gjv}$ t`gvg qj} ekg |jtngkt nk |jvtnmwdjv$

j tgvvnfdg |jtngkt+ ]`g qj}kt gygk c~ |jtngkt+ ]`g qj} Ov+ Vecgve}

|jtngkt$ fwt `gv fgo qj} fgtqggk tqe ei c~ |jtngkt}$ jko N |j}}go `gv

gygv~ oj~+ ]`g `jo j èvvnfdg on}gj}g$ jko j èvvnfdg on}gj}g jt Djawkj

@ekoj qj} vgjdd~ èvvnfdg+

Cn}} _eo qj} t`nvt~# inyg ~gjv} edo+ ]`g `jo mjkmgv+ @gv mjkmgv qj}

fvjnk mjkmgv$ jko q`jt cjog nt èvvnfdg qj} t`jt nt qj} bw}t fg`nko `gvvna`t g~g$ jko nt `jo aveqk$ nk }|ntg ei }wvagv~ jko vjonjtnek$ vna`t ewt ei

`gv g~g+ _`g }wvagek `jo vgceygo t`g g~g jko }gqk t`g g~gdno oeqk eygv

t`g mjkmgv$ fwt t`g mjkmgv qj} }tndd aveqnka+

Cn}} _eo `jo kgygv fggk fgjwtniwd$ fwt$ q`jt qnt` t`g vjonjtnek$

q`nm` `jo mjw}go `gv `jnv te ijdd ewt8 t`g }tgveno}$ q`nm` `jo mjw}go

`gv ijmg te fjddeek8 jko t`g }gqk g~gdno$ q`nm` `jo }tjvtgo te fwdag$ }`g

qj} keq ygv~ `jvo te deeh jt+ ^gt }`g qj} |dgj}jkt jko zwngt+ ]`g jdqj~}

}cndgo j} N |j}}go `gv f~+ Gygktwjdd~ qg qgvg ek }|gjhnka tgvc}$ qnt` j

zwnmh `gdde jko j èq# jvg# ~ew ivec cg te `gv$ jko ivec `gv te cg+ N aet

w}go te `gv ogievcnt~$ jdtèwa` ekd~ f~ fdemhnka ewt$ nk }ecg qj~$ c~

gp|gvngkmg ei `gv gp|gvngkmg+

Ekg oj~ N inkjdd~ fvjygo c~ vgdwmtjkmg jko }te||go f~ `gv fgo+ Iwdd

}te|+ Qg deehgo jt gjm` et`gv+ ]`g jt cg$ q`ntg# mejtgo$ vw}`go$ j fnt

on}`gygdgo+ N deehgo ekd~ jt `gv dgit g~g+

N} t`gvg jk~t`nka N mjk oe iev ~ew5 N j}hgo `gv$ jitgv qg tjdhgo j fnt+

^g}$ }`g vg|dngo$ t`gvg n}+ N vgjdd~ oekt dnhg t`g ieeo t`g~vg any nka

cg+ Nt} jdd mwt w| jko fdjko+ Oe ~ew t`nkh nt mewdo fg m`jkago5 Jko jket`gv

t`nka+ Mewdo ~ew jvvjkag iev cg te yn}nt t`g g~g oemtev5 N kggo j kgq |jnv

ei adj}}g}+

N qj}$ jko jc te t`n} oj~$ ideevgo f~ `gv vg}|ek}g+ N qj}$ jko jc$ jqg#

}tvwmh f~ }wm` gzwjkncnt~+ ]`g qjktgo ket gwt`jkj}nj ev j cnvjmwdew}

mwvg$ }tvekagv |jnk cgonmjtnek} ev j }gmeko e|nknek fwtoniigvgkt ieeo+ J |jnv ei adj}}g}+ ]`g

}jno ket`nka jfewt `gv tgvvnfdg cn}ievtwkg+ ]`g qj} mjdc$ cjttgv#ei#ijmt+ ]ecgèq }`go jmmg|tgo


40/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n =6 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


`gv ijtg$ jko nt qj} t`g }cjdd t`nka}$ t`g dnttdg ojnd~ t`nka}$ t`jt qgvg nc|evtjkt te `gv+

Qg ono m`jkag `gv ongt$ jko qg ono agt `gv kgq adj}}g}+ Ket deka

jitgv$ }`g ceygo te jket`gv qjvo$ jko t`gvg }`g ongo |gjmgiwdd~$ gna`tggk

cekt`} djtgv+ Fwt `gv dg}}ek$ q`nm` N qj} tjwa`t eygv jko eygv jajnk f~

}e cjk~ |jtngkt}$ teeh cg cwm` dekagv te j}}ncndjtg+ Fvjygv~+ J mevg$ j

vemh ei }gdi$ vjonjtnka mewvjag+

Nt} j zwjdnt~ t`jt ce}t ~ewka oemtev}$ gygk ce}t cnoodg # jago oem#

tev}$ mjkt wkogv}tjko$ `jynka `jo t`g aeeo ievtwkg te kgygv `jyg fggk j

|jtngkt$ jt dgj}t ket j |jtngkt dnhg Cn}} _eo+ Oemtev}$ jitgv jdd$ }tjvt ewt

j} ~ewka }twogkt}$ `gjdt`~$ mwvnew}$ `jvoqevhnka+ Q`jt oe qg hkeq ei

cn}ievtwkg jko t`g `jko ei Aeo5

Ekg cgonmjd }mèed tvngo te vgcgo~ t`n} djmh qnt` j |vgjocnttjkmg

|veavjc2 Cgonmjd }twogkt} qgvg vgzwnvgo te m`gmh t`gc}gdyg} nk j}

|jtngkt}$ nkmeaknte$ te t`g è}|ntjd q`gvg t`g~o fg qevhnka nk t`g kgjv

iwtwvg+ _`n} qj} }e t`jt t`g~ mewdo ajnk }ecg nogj ei q`jt nt igdt dnhg te

fg j |jtngkt~ewv qjtm` jko fgdt anygk eygv$ jko j fjmhdg}} aeqk |wt

ek$ te qjnt gp|e}go jko ywdkgvjfdg ek j awvkg~ nk t`g `jdd$ j dwmhdg}} jke#

k~cnt~+ Nt qj} j aeeo nogj$ fwt nt onokt qevh tee qgdd+ Deka jfewt Bwkg$

q`gk tè}g ~ewka jko `jko}ecg cgk m`gmhgo nkte jvgj è}|ntjd}$ `jnv

jko ijmg jko g~g} nktjmt$ t`g kwv}g} jko oemtev} hkgq qè t`g~ qgvg$ ei

mewv}g+ _`g~ qnkhgo8 t`g~ }cndgo jko gygk idnvtgo qnt` t`g}g |jtngkt}

jocnttgo iev jfoecnkjd |jnk+

]tndd$ nt qj} j aeeo nogj$ j aeeo tèwa`t+

Cn}} _eo mj||go c~ gp|gvngkmg ei tè}g inv}t ~gjv} jt Djawkj @ekoj+

]`g }wccjvnrgo nt jko `nktgo jt q`jt N qewdo fg dgjvknka djtgv+ Gygk

q`gk t`gvg n} ket`nka te oe iev j |jtngktke mjkmgv te on}meygv$ ke |jvj#oepnmjd |wd}g te tjhg t`gvg n} }tndd }ecgt`nka te oe+ Nt oeg}kt `jyg te fg

dnig}jynka$ avjkone}g$ jko `gvenm+ Nt mjk fg j} }nc|dg j} j |jnv ei adj}}g} ev

j oniigvgkt ongt+ Nk ijmt$ nt w}wjdd~ n}+

]`g tjwa`t cg t`jt N onokt `jyg te fg jivjno ei t`g |e}}nfd~ mektjanew} fjo dwmh ei c~


41/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

: U ! d U U : # + n =6 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


|jtngkt}+ _`jt t`g~ qewdo cjkjag f~ t`gc}gdyg}+ Q`jt N `jo te oe qj} j}h t`gc q`jt N mewdo

oe iev t`gc jko t`gk oe nt$ ni N mewdo+ Iev tè}g qè mewdokt jk}qgv iev t`gc}gdyg}$ t`gvg

qgvg

et`gv qj~} ei dgjvknka q`jt t`g~ kggogo2 t`gnv kgna`fev # |jtngkt} jmve}}

t`g qj~$ t`g kwv}g}$ t`g kwv}nka j}}n}tjkt}$ t`g yedwktggv}+

Fgievg N mjcg te Djawkj @ekoj$ No fggk mekynkmgo ei t`g nc|ev#

tjkmg ei }mngktnin m cgonmnkg8 Cn}} _eo mekynkmgo cg ei t`g nc|evtjkmgei t`g dnttdg t`nka}+

]`g jd}e mekynkmgo cg ei t`g meveddjv~2 Nt} ket t`g fna t`nka+ _`g

fna t`nka t`g `jko ei Aeo$ ijtgmjk fg jmmg|tgo$ |gv`j|} fgmjw}g nt

n} }e fna jko ijtgiwd$ }e wkm`jkagjfdg+ Fwt t`g }cjdd t`nka} jvg mevvgmtjfdg$ ev }èwdo fg$ ni

|ge|dg ekd~ mjvgo te ketnmg+ _`g t`vnmg# ojnd~ jvvnyjd ei jk wk|jdjtjfdg ongt$ t`g fvehgk adj}}g}

t`g}g jvg mek}tjkt vgcnkogv} t`jt qg jvg ket mjvgo jfewt+ \gv`j|} qg mjk

jmmg|t t`jt Aeo `j} nt nk iev w} iev vgj}ek} ei @n} eqk$ ev vgj}ek} (nk t`g

mj}g ei Djawkj @ekoj} |jtngkt}. t`jt qg hkeq ygv~ qgdd+ Fwt t`jt ewv

igddeq `wcjk fgnka} oekt mjvg gkewa` te m`jkag ewv ongt ev vg|jnv ewv

adj}}g} + + +

Q`nm` n} q`~ t`g mwtg cgonmjd }twogkt} qè qgkt nkmeaknte te t`gnv

è}|ntjd}#te#fg$ qjntgo nk jocnttnka$ ajyg w| t`gnv qjtm`g}$ fgdt}$ jko

mdet`g}$ gygk dj~ nk j awvkg~ iev t`g gdgyjtev$ mewdok t `jyg dgjvkgo jfewt

t`g vgjd }cjdd t`nka}+ Fgmjw}g t`g qnkh}$ t`g kwoag}$ t`g tgkogv idnvtj#

tnek} ei t`g }tjii vgj}}wvgo t`gc t`jt t`g~ qgvg qevt` mjvnka iev$ jko

qgvg mjvgo iev+

Ket tee deka jitgv c~ gp|gvngkmg qnt` Cn}} _eo$ N cgt \veig}}ev Fveqk$

f~ jmmnogkt$ nk t`g dnfvjv~+

@g qj} nc|vg}}go f~ c~ |vebgmt iev `n} |jdgeavj|`~ mdj}}$ `g tedo


42/43

I N V ] _ ^ G J V ]

: U ! d U U : # + n =6 66%::%:: 2 126= \C


cg+ Fwt N `jo mecg te t`g gko ei q`jt N mewdo oe qntèwt ievcjd tvjnk nka

nk `n}tev~+ N hkgq Djtnk qgdd gkewa` te vgjo @ndogajvo$ jko N hkgq

gkewa` |jdgeavj|`~+ ]tndd$ ni N qjktgo te ae iwvt`gv$ N kggogo te ae te

avjowjtg }mèed$ jko ket nk cgongyjd `n}tev~ fwt nk t`g `n}tev~ ei cgon#

mnkg+ _`gvg qgvg ekd~ j igq }wm` avjowjtg |veavjc} nk t`g mewktv~8

èqgygv$ t`gvg qj} j aeeo ekg bw}t jvewko t`g mevkgv ivec Djawkj


43/43

A E O ] @ E _ G D

@ekoj+ @g joyn}go cg te mektjmt nt} m`ngi\veig}}ev Oemtev Agv`jvo

Qgntr$ CO$ \Ò+

]e N ono+ Ek t`g |èkg$ \veig}}ev Oemtev Agv`jvo Qgntr qj} vjt`gv

meed+ @n} qj} j }cjdd avjowjtg |veavjc$ `g }jno$ jko j \Ò nk cgongyjd

cgonmnkg qewdo fg oniin mwdt$ |gv`j|} nc|e}}nfdg$ iev `nc te }w|gvyn}g+

Qewdo `g fg qnddnka te cggt cg iev jk nktgvyngq$ jk~qj~5

@g qewdo+ ]e qg jvvjkago te `jyg dwkm` teagt`gv jt j vg}tjwvjkt kgjv

t`g è}|ntjd t`g ygv~ kgpt qggh+

Documents

"God's Hotel: A Doctor; A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage into the Heart of Medicine" by Victoria Sweet