God Punishes Israel’s IdolatryExodus 32

LESSON GOALStudents will thank God for His mercy and patience.

BIBLE TRUTHS■ Aaron made a golden calf for Israel to worship.■ God wanted to destroy the people.■ Moses prayed that God would have mercy.■ God had mercy on Israel and did not destroy them

KEY VERSE“So the LORD relented from the harm which He said Hewould do to His people” (Exodus 32:14).

APPLICATION■ Identify things that you value more than God

(possessions, praise, etc.).■ Ask God for forgiveness for daily sins.■ Thank God for specific acts of mercy in your life today.■ Praise God for the mercy found in Jesus Christ.

NEXT WEEKGod’s Presence Fills the TabernacleRead Exodus 33–34, 40.

Symbol Key

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MaterialsNeeded____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Teacher Planning SheetPREPAREObjectives/Truths to cover this week❏ ___________________________________________________________________

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Personal ApplicationAs a result of my study in this passage, God wants me to

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Three ways students need to apply this passage are

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POINT Choose from various ideas to point students to the coming Bible lesson.

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PROCLAIMChoose from various ideas to proclaim the Bible lesson.

Presentation Ideas❏ ___________________________________________________________________

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Praise/Music Ideas❏ ___________________________________________________________________

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PRACTICEChoose ideas to help review and apply today’s lesson.

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God Punishes Israel’s Idolatry

Bible BackgroundIsrael had intensely experienced God. They had seen God’s power in bringingIsrael out of Egypt. They had heard His voice proclaim the Ten Commandments.They had felt the ground shake when God’s presence descended upon MountSinai. Every day, they could see the fire and cloud on top of the mountain, acontinual reminder of God’s presence. But experiencing the awesomeness andfearfulness of God was not enough to change Israel’s heart. While Moses was ontop of the mountain receiving plans for God’s dwelling place, Israel was at the footof the mountain fashioning a god of their own choosing. While Moses was beinggiven the stone tables containing the Ten Commandments, Israel was provokingGod’s wrath by breaking those commandments. Because of Israel’s idolatry, Godconfronted Israel’s sin.

Israel’s IdolatryAfter 40 days of Moses’ being obscured by cloud and flame upon Mount Sinai,Israel had become weary of waiting. They were anxious to be away from themountain and to have a god who would go before them, presumably leading theminto the Promised Land (Ex. 32:1). They excused their rebellion against God byreasoning that they did not know what had happened to Moses. Moses’ ownbrother, Aaron, led the people by commanding them to bring gold and by fash-ioning the gold into a calf (32:4). The people revealed their wickedness byclaiming that this calf was the same God who had brought them out of Egypt.Aaron built an altar before the idol and ordered a feast unto Yahweh, the specialname God gave to reveal Himself to Israel (32:5). After sacrifices were offered, thepeople worshiped as they wished: eating, drinking, and playing (most likely areference to sexual perversion; 32:6).

The Israelites (including Aaron) had exalted themselves above God. They knewGod had rescued them from Egypt, but now they chose to worship God as theywished and not as He commanded. Self-styled worship is idolatry. The people hadattempted to keep both Yahweh and the idols from the surrounding nations. Theresult was that Yahweh’s name was defamed when Israel attributed to the infinitecreator the shape of His creation. Israel neither worshiped God nor desired to doso, even though they used Yahweh’s name. The Israelites idolatrously exalted them-selves above God when they decided for themselves how they would worship.

Moses’ IntercessionGod revealed to Moses His fierce anger over the people’s idolatry. He no longercalled Israel “my people,” but instead called them “your people”; God wasdisgusted to call the people His own. Israel was a “stiff-necked people” who werecommitted to their own way. God told Moses, “Let me alone, that my wrath mayburn hot against them and I may consume them. And I will make of you a great

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PREPARE WITH THE TRUTH“Therefore you shall lay up these words of mine in your heart and in your soul.You shall teach them to your children.” —Deuteronomy 11:18–19

Please take time to prepare your mind and heart to accurately handle the truths ofGod’s Word (2 Tim. 2:15). Read through the Bible background and study the truthscontained in this lesson. Crucial background information is included here to aidyou in understanding the Scripture.

AdditionalReferenceMaterialsMoses and the Gods of

Egypt: Studies in Exodus

by John J. Davis

The MacArthur Study

Bible by John MacArthur

nation” (Ex. 32:10). God was going to destroy the people. They had broken thecovenant they had made with God and deserved nothing short of destruction. Godwould have been just to destroy them. And He could have been faithful to Hispromises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by making a great nation of their descen-dant Moses.

But Moses knew the character of God, and he knew that God answers prayer.Moses pleaded for the people and offered reasons to God why He should notdestroy the people. Moses pleaded with God based upon God’s past kindness toIsrael; God had rescued Israel “with great power and with a mighty hand” (Ex.32:11). Moses said that God would be defamed by the Egyptians if He destroyedthe Israelites after saving them (32:12). He appealed to God’s faithfulness as hespoke to Him concerning His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob of countlessdescendants to whom would be given the Promised Land. Moses’ prayer, while inpart motivated by love for the people, was devoted to God’s glory. Moses waseager that God’s name would be exalted by both Israel and the nations. Hepleaded for God to show the greatness of His name by showing His mercy.

In answer to Moses’ prayer, God “relented from the harm which He said He woulddo to His people” (32:14). It is always a mystery how God answers prayer. In God’swisdom, He had revealed to Moses His true hatred for Israel’s sin by threateningwrath. Moses knew though that God listens to prayer. God would have been justto answer this prayer with either “yes” or “no,” but God chose to have mercy uponIsrael, not pouring out the wrath they deserved. In His amazing providence, Godshowed mercy on the people by listening to Moses’ prayer. God’s ways are beyondour understanding. What awesome mercy that God should listen to and work Hissovereign will through man’s prayers!

The Seriousness of IdolatryAlthough God withheld the judgment He had threatened, Moses still had to dealwith the heinous sin of the people. Moses went down the mountain, carrying thestone tablets on which God had written the Ten Commandments. When Mosescame down the mountain, he was filled with righteous anger at the sight of the calfand the revelry in the camp (Ex. 32:19). Moses smashed the Ten Commandments,a dramatic symbol of Israel having broken the covenant with God. God had estab-lished the standard for continuing in a relationship with Him, and Israel had will-ingly tossed it aside. Their relationship as His treasured people was dependentupon obeying and keeping His laws (19:5). The people did not deserve to continuein that relationship.

Another picture of the depravity of the people was when Moses melted the goldencalf, ground it into powder, and threw the dust into a nearby brook (Deut. 9:21).As the people went for water, they essentially drank their god (Ex. 32:20)! What abitter reminder that must have been of the gross foolishness of choosing to worshipa man-made object!

When Moses asked Aaron what the people had done to force him to make theidol, Aaron repeated what had happened. The only change Aaron made was thathe denied having formed the calf (Ex. 32:4). Instead, he said that he had thrownthe gold into the fire, and the calf had miraculously come out (Ex. 32:24). Aaronwas essentially blaming the existence of the calf on a miracle! Deuteronomyreveals that the Lord would have destroyed Aaron if Moses had not prayed for him(Deut. 9:20).

Probably, before breaking and melting the golden calf, Moses had to put down therebellion in the camp (Ex. 32:25). As Moses walked through the camp, he couldsee and hear the people continuing in their idolatry. Moses knew that God was

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angry and that He hated this sin. In a drastic attempt to put an end to the sin,Moses called apart all who were on the Lord’s side (Ex. 32:26). Out of the 12tribes, only the Levites gathered around Moses. The Levites were commanded toput on swords and go throughout Israel, killing those who were unwilling to obey.The Bible does not disclose how fierce was the battle that followed or who waskilled. It does reveal that 3,000 men were killed by the Levites before the idolatryceased. The end of the chapter also reveals that God sent a plague on the peoplebecause of what they had done (Ex. 32:35).

Moses Intercedes AgainMoses had already prayed for God to relent from His fierce anger. God was notgoing to destroy the people, but Moses felt the heaviness of the people’s sin. Heknew that Israel needed to be forgiven, even though they were completelyunworthy. The next day, Moses told the people, “You have committed a great sin.So now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin” (Ex.32:30). Israel needed to be restored to a right relationship with God.

Moses went up the mountain and confessed Israel’s idolatry. He could base hisplea on nothing but God’s grace in forgiveness. He asked God to take his own lifeif He would not forgive the people. Paul’s concern for Israel to be saved is remi-niscent of Moses’ concern. Paul wished that he himself “were accursed from Christfor [his] brethren” (Rom. 9:3). Although it is impossible to lose salvation, Paul waswilling to be lost so that Israel might be saved. Similarly, Moses was willing totrade his life for that of Israel.

The Lord answered Moses that at the judgment each would bear the weight of hisown sins (Ex. 32:33–34). But for now, God revealed to Moses the good news thatHe would still send His Angel before the people (Ex. 30:34). Although God’sjustice would one day be performed on the wicked, God in His grace was notgoing to destroy all the people. God’s hatred for idolatry is infinite. Yet He choseto have mercy on Israel.

Israel’s idolatry had drastic consequences. Many people were killed in battle andmany in the plague. The Ten Commandments were smashed. But the most drasticconsequence of their sin was abated through Moses’ prayer. God’s passion for Hisown glory and His hatred for idolatry were about to be revealed in His righteousdestruction of the people. But in His sovereign plan, God worked through Moses’prayer and graciously saved the people from His anger. In addition to His initialmercy and in response to Moses’ prayer, God was willing to continue a relation-ship with His people, Israel.

Although God answered Moses’ prayer and forgave the people as a whole, indi-vidually God would punish unrepentant Israelites for their idolatry by eternalpunishment. Moses could not die for them. Praise God that in Moses’ place, in theplace of the godly Israelites, and in the place of the church, Christ died. He alonecould satisfy the demand of God’s wrath. What amazing mercy!

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Exodus EC 10.5

Review Questions

Use these questions to review and reinforce key truths.

What is the name of the place where God dwelt among the Israelites? The tabernacle.

Who was allowed to go into the tabernacle? Only the priests, Aaron and his sons.

What do you call the leader of the priests? The high priest.

Why did the priests make sacrifices? To remind the people of their sin.

Why do we not need to make sacrifices today? Because Jesus was the perfect and complete sacrifice for sin.

Right Worship of GodWhile this week’s lesson deals with how we are not to worship God, it gives usthe opportunity to teach the students about true worship. True worship begins witha right view of God. Using a review game of your choice (e.g., tic-tac-toe or prizesfor correct answers), ask the students some of or all the following questions:

Is there more than one God? (Deut. 6:4)

Can God lie? (Num. 23:19)

Does God know the future? (Psalm 139:1–6, 15–16)

Does anything happen that God does not know about? (Heb. 4:13; 1 John 3:20)

Is there anything that God cannot do? (Jer. 32:17, 27)

Did God make the world in seven days? (Gen. 1:1–2)

Is God everywhere at the same time? (Psalm 139:7–12)

Does God hear our prayers? (Prov. 15:29)

Does God ever break a promise? (Num. 23:19)

Did God die for us? (Rom. 5:8)

Is God love? (1 John 4:8)

Is God sinless? (Heb. 4:15; 1 John 1:5)

Is God beautiful? (Psalm 27:4)

Is anything more powerful than God? (Jer. 32:17, 27)

Can anyone live independently of God? (John 15:5)

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POINT TO THE TRUTH“Give ear, O my people, to my law; incline your ears to the words of my mouth”(Psalm 78:1).

This section includes questions to review last week’s lesson and ideas to preparestudents for this week’s lesson. Choose from the following ideas to point to thetruths of this lesson.

Does God’s love ever change? (Lam. 3:22–23)

Does God get impatient or get angry quickly? (Ex. 34:6–7)

Can we compare God to anything in this world? (2 Sam. 7:22)

Is God ever unfair? (Dan. 4:37)

Is God totally in control over all people and circumstances? (Psalm 33:8–11)

Will God ever die? (Isa. 57:15)

Is God’s Word true? (Psalm 19:7–11)

The Seriousness of SinTo help communicate the seriousness of sin, review stories that dealt with God’sacts of judgment. Use the flash cards to remind the students that when Adam andEve sinned, God expelled them from the garden. There was a time when peoplewere so sinful that God destroyed everyone in a flood. At Babel, God scattered thepeople and confused their languages because of their pride. God burned the citiesof Sodom and Gomorrah because of the people’s wickedness.

Nothing but ClayAt the beginning of class, have playtime with Play-Doh. Talk about making anyshape the student thinks of, and tell the students they are “creating.” Tell thestudents about the story today and about the silliness of worshiping a Play-Dohobject, which has no power and cannot help them. It is not only silly, but also asin to worship anything except God.

Bible Lesson

Reading of the TextRead Exodus 32:1–4.

God had called Moses up to the mountain, and Moses had obeyed. While he wasdoing this, the children of Israel became very unhappy. They thought that Moseshad forgotten all about them. The people wanted to worship something that theycould see. Aaron, who was their present leader, told them to gather all the goldenearrings from their wives, sons, and daughters and bring them to him. The peoplereadily obeyed and brought all the golden earrings they could find. From this,Aaron worked hard with lots of tools and craftsmanship and built a golden calf.He told the people, “This is your god, O Israel, that brought you out of the land ofEgypt” (Ex. 32:4).

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PROCLAIM THE TRUTH“Telling to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and His strength andHis wonderful works that He has done” (Psalm 78:4).

This section includes the Bible lesson, lesson questions, and praise and worshipideas. Song suggestions are included that you can use to proclaim your worshipto God. Use the lesson questions to check the students’ understanding. Thissection also includes various presentation ideas to use during the teaching time.Read the Bible passage several times before you read these pages. All teachingshould be done directly from the Bible.

The next day the people brought offerings to the altar that Aaron had built aroundthe golden calf. The people came with food and drinks. They thought this was agreat way to worship. God had a different idea about what was going on. Godspoke to Moses and told him, “Go, get down! For your people whom you broughtout of the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves. They have turned asidequickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves amolded calf, and worshiped it and sacrificed to it, and said, ‘This is your god, OIsrael, that brought you out of the land of Egypt’” (Ex. 32:7–8). God was veryangry with Israel, because He had told them to have no god before Him. Godmeant what he said. He also told Moses that they were a very stiff-necked people.In other words, they were very stubborn.

God was very angry and wanted to destroy all of them. The Bible says that Hisanger burned against them. Moses prayed to God, pleading with Him to notdestroy the people and reminding Him that it was by His great power and Hismighty hand that they had been brought out of Egypt. Moses was worried for thepeople of Israel and knew that God could and would destroy them unless Hechanged His mind. After a long discussion, the Bible says, “The LORD relentedfrom the harm which He said He would do to His people” (Ex. 32:14).

Moses went down the mountain with the two tablets of stone. These were veryimportant writings because they were God’s writings engraved on the stones onboth sides. As Moses and Joshua came down the mountain carrying the stones,they heard loud noises, and thought it sounded like a war. But to their surprise andanger, they found the people worshiping the golden calf. Moses was so angry thathe threw the stones from his hands, and they shattered at the foot of the mountain.This was not a tantrum. It meant that the people had broken their promise to God,and now he was breaking God’s special agreement with them.

He took the calf, burned it, and ground it into powder. Then he poured it intowater and made the men of Israel drink it. Moses was very angry with Aaron, aswell as with all the people of Israel. Aaron told Moses lies about how and why hemade the calf. But God was merciful to Aaron and did not kill him. Then Moseswent to the gate and called all who would follow God to come to him; but onlythe men of Levi came. They were instructed to get their swords and to kill all whorefused to obey God. About 3,000 men died that day. Then Moses called for thepeople to repent and dedicate themselves to God. Moses said to the people, “Youhave committed a great sin. So now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can makeatonement for your sin” (Ex. 32:30).

Moses went back up the mountain to God and told Him that he was willing to diefor the people if God wouldn’t forgive them, but God said “No. I will deal withthe people who sin against Me, but you go and lead them with My Angel who willgo before you.”

God cared for His people, Israel. They were punished for their evil ways, but Godcontinued to walk with them and lead them.

We need to know that God hates evil and will punish us when we decide not toobey Him. Jesus died on the cross to give us forgiveness and remove the punish-ment that would be ours. His mercy to us is great, but we receive His mercy onlyif we turn from our sin and follow Jesus. Thank Him for all He has done for us tomake us His own.

Lesson QuestionsWhere was Moses at the beginning of our story today? On the mountain with God.

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What was Moses getting from God? The stone tablets written by God.

What did the people of Israel do while Moses was gone? They made a golden calf from their gold jewelry.

What was the golden calf used for? To worship as their god.

What did God think about this? He was very angry.

What did Moses do about it? He destroyed the calf and called the people to repent.

What did God do for Moses? He forgave the people and gave His angel to help him lead the people.

Presentation Ideas

A Beka Book Flash-A-CardsUse appropriate A Beka Book Flash-A-Cards with the lesson.

Betty Lukens FlannelgraphUse appropriate flannelgraph pieces with the lesson.

Treasure-Box ObjectThe object for the treasure box for this lesson is a golden calf. The shape of ananimal can be formed from gold foil. The Israelites disobeyed God’s secondcommand when they made an idol and worshiped it.

Praise and WorshipCreate in Me a Clean Heart

God Is So Good

I Will Sing of the Mercies

Idolatry

Stop and listen, look and see(Cup hands behind ears; then circle fingers around eyes.)

Israel’s sin: idolatry.(Stretch arms forward and bow down.)

They’d said they would obey the Lord,(Hand over heart and nod.)

But quickly they forgot their word.(Keep hand over heart and shake head back and forth.)

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They built themselves a golden calf,(Pretend to mold with hands.)

And worshiped it, which stirred God’s wrath.(Pretend to slowly stir and shake head back and forth.)

Moses asked, “Why did you sin?”(Turn palms up and shrug shoulders.)

And then he begged God to forgive.(Palms together, bow head, bend to knees.)

Broken Commandments, Broken HeartMaterials: “Broken Commandments/Broken Heart” page, glue sticks, cutout of theTen Commandments, cutout of the broken heart

Directions: Have students color the heart pieces and the Ten Commandments. Gluethe commandments to the side of the page that says “Broken Commandments.” Gluethe heart pieces to the “Broken Heart” side. The people of Israel committed a greatsin. They should have responded to God with fear and repentance. Most of themwere sad because God’s presence was going to leave them—not because of their sin.When we sin, we should be broken over our sin and not just because we are introuble. Psalm 51:17 says, “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken anda contrite heart—These, O God, You will not despise.”

God’s Presence DepartsCut out a cloud from a piece of white construction paper. Use a brad at one end ofthe cloud to attach it to the “God’s Presence Departs” picture at the back of thelesson. The cloud should fit over the tabernacle and then be able to spin off it. Thisshows how God threatened to take His presence away. Because Moses prayed andGod was merciful, God did not take His presence away from the people of Israel.

Obedience TrialsOn pieces of paper, write several things you want the students to do for you, suchas “take the book from the floor to the table.” Make the requests simple so theycan be done quickly. Place the papers in a basket and let students pick a paperand do what it says. Talk about the Ten Commandments and how God’s Word hasthings written for the students to obey just as they have obeyed you today. Talkabout how the Israelites disobeyed God’s commandments.

How to PrayReview Moses’ prayer in Exodus 32:11–13. First, he prayed about God’s past bless-

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PRACTICE THE TRUTH“That they may set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keepHis commandments” (Psalm 78:7).

Choose ideas from this section to review and apply the truths of the Bible lesson.

ings to His people (brought them out of Egypt). Then Moses made a specificrequest (do not destroy them). Finally, Moses remembered God’s promises thatwere applicable (Abrahamic Covenant). Students can pray in the same way. First,remember God’s blessings and thank Him for them. (Dear God, thank you for…)Then make requests. (Tell students about how God is all-powerful and can doanything. However, He will answer prayer according to His will.) Finally, pray toGod about His promises to us in the Bible. (Since God does not lie, if He prom-ises something to us, He will provide it!) Teachers should emulate this prayer, too,when praying with the students.

Making Moses Memories Choose a coloring page and reduce it to 4 x 6 inches. Have each student color thepage, cut it out, and glue it to the next page in his scrapbook. At the end of theExodus series, students may take home their completed scrapbooks.

Coloring SheetsGive each student a copy of the coloring sheets at the back of this lesson. Thestudents can color the pages in class or at home.

MEMORY VERSE“You shall not covet” (Exodus 20:17).

Tenth Commandment If you have decided to assemble the Ten Commandments as you go through them,post the tenth commandment. What is covetousness? We have learned thatcovetousness is wrongly wanting something that belongs to someone else. It isbased on greed and the desire for more, which are sinful attitudes of the heart.Covetousness is wrong because it is an attitude or belief that God has not given usenough or all that we need and that somehow, He has made a mistake in givingus what He already has. We need to guard our hearts from this sinful attitude andremember that God indeed has given us all that we will ever need.

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Broken Commandments

Moses Broke the Tablets

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Broken Heart

“The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and a contrite heart—These, O God, You will not despise”

(Psalm 51:17).

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Exodus EC 10.23

“And the Lord said to Moses, ‘…Your people...have corrupted themselves.… Theyhave made themselves a molded calf, and worshiped it and sacrificed to it’”

(Exodus 32:7–8).

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Moses prayed, “Turn from Your fierce wrath, and relent from this harm to Your people” (Exodus 32:12c).