Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual

7/17/2019 Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual

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No. 14-181

In the Supreme Court of the

United States

ALFRED GOBEILLE,IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS CHAIR

OF THE VERMONT GREEN MOUNTAIN CARE BOARD,

PETITIONER

v.

LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI

TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FORTHE SECOND CIRCUIT

BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS AMICUS CURIAESUPPORTING PETITIONER

M. PATRICIA SMITH

Solicitor of Labor

G. WILLIAM SCOTT

Associate Solicitor

ELIZABETH HOPKINS

Cousel

MELISSA MOORE

Attore!

De"art#et of Labor

Was$i%to& D.C. '(')(

DONALD B. VERRILLI, JR.

Solicitor *eeral

Cousel of Recor+

EDWIN S. KNEEDLER

De"ut! Solicitor *eeralJOHN F. BASH

Assistat to t$e Solicitor*eeral

De"art#et of ,ustice

Was$i%to& D.C. '(-(/

((()

Su"re#eCt0riefs1us+o2.%

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QUESTION PRESENTED

Wh!h" !h E#$%&' R!("#)! I)*S*+"(!' A*! & 1-/, 2- U.S.C. 1001 et se7.,$"#$!, a a$$%( !& %3()+" ha%!h4)5! $%a) &" !h(" !h("3$a"!' a#()(!"a!&",a V"#&)! !a!+! !ha! "6+(" ha%!h*a"$a'" !& "$&"! *%a(# a) ha%!h*a"3"7(*a!a !& a !a! a8)*'.

9I:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I)!"! & !h U)(!S!a! ........................................................ 1


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S!a!+!&"' a) "8+%a!&"' $"&7((&)()7&%7 ............................ 2

S!a!#)! ......................................................................................... 2 S+##a"' & a"8+#)! .................................................................10

A"8+#)! ?$" $"#$!(&)

$"&7((&) ............ 1;

1. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! "7&4@*!(7 (!()*! " !h 4a(* $+"$&

& ERISA .....................................................................1

2. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & )&!?"! a) (#$"#((4% *! &) !h (8)&" a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA

$%a) ........................... 22 B. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8

"6+("#)! a" 7a%( ( "7(= +)"

8)"a% $"()*($% & 5% a)

*&)(*!$"#$!(&) ........................................................... ;0C&)*%+(&) ....................................................................

.................. ;A$$)(? S!a!+!&"' a) "8+%a!&"'$"&7((&) ................. 1a

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Ca& Ic. 7.Lear2et& Ic.& 1; S. C!. 1-19201: ......... ;1Pe%ra#7. Her+ric$, ;0 U.S. 211

92000: ............................. 1 Rice7. Sata Fe

Elevator Cor"., ;;1 U.S. 21 91-/: ........ ;1

S$a?7. Delta Air Lies& Ic., /; U.S.

91-;: ................................................................-, 1;, 20, 2;, 2/

Sta+ar+ Oil Co. 7.A%salu+, ;; F.2 0

9-!h C(". 1-0:, +##a"(%' a >, // U.S. 0191-1: ...... 1

UNU8 Life Is. Co. of A#.7. War+, 2 U.S. ;

91---: ................................................................................ ;0, ;;

Uite+ States 7. Loc=e, 2- U.S. -92000: .......................... ;2 S!a!+! a)"8+%a!(&) 5)(!(&) & ha%!h ()+""()*%+ a)' ha%!h3()+"a)* *$a)' a), !&!h ?!)! $"#(!! +)" "a% %a=, a)'a#()(!"a!&" & a) ()+", %3()+", &"$+4%(*%' +) ha%!h *a" 4)5! $%a) &"4' $+4%(* a) $"(7a! )!(!(, V!. S!a!. A)). !(!.

1, -/029: 92012:, a =%% a a)' !h("3$a"!'a#()(!"a!&" !ha! a %3()+" ha%!h $%a)#$%&' !& ha)% +*h +)*!(&) a *%a(#$"&*()8, 4(%% "7(=, a) *%a(# $a'#)!,Da!a4a S!a!+! -/109 @:91:9A: a) 9B: 9S+$$.201/:.

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h&$(!a% 4+8!. S P!. B". 11, ;;3;. I)201/, HHS (+ a 8"a)! !& !h B&a" !&?$a) (! + & !h a!a4a () *&))*!(&)=(!h V"#&)!> "a!3"7(= a+!h&"(!' +)" !hACA. I+.a! /-30 ).2- /2 U.S.C. ;00883-/9*:91:9C:. I) a(!(&), HHS +$$%( M(*a"a!a !& !h B&a", /2 U.S.C. 1;-9:, a)ha a+!h&"(Q !h B&a" !& ()*%+ M(*a(a!a, P!. B". 10. O7" a &Q) &!h" S!a!ha7 )a*! %8(%a!(&) !& 4+(% (#(%a"a!a4a. S N.Y. ! a%. C"!. A#(*+ B". 1 ).;.

3. R$&))! ( !h )a# 5+*(a"' a)a#()(!"a!&" & a) ERISA %3()+" ha%!h$%a) &" (! #$%&'. P!. A$$. . A %3()+" $%a) ( &) () =h(*h !h $%a) $&)&"$a' *%a(# &+! & (! &=) a! &" " a !"+!,"a!h" !ha) *&)!"a*!()8 =(!h a) ()+"a)**$a)' !& $a' *%a(# +)" a) ()+"a)*$&%(*'. B*a+ &)%' 1; $"&) *&7" 4'


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ha%!h*a"3?$)(!+" ()&"#a!(&) !& !hB&a". I+. a! 3. B+! "$&))!> $%a) (a#()(!" 4' a !h("3$a"!' a#()(!"a!&"B%+ C"& B%+ Sh(% & Maa*h+!!, I)*.9B%+ C"&:!ha! 6+a%(5 a a #a)a!&"'"$&"!" +)" !h Da!a4a R8+%a!(&) 4*a+(! a#()(!" *%a(# &" !h&+a) & ()(7(+a% () V"#&)!. I+.a! J.A. 20. I)A+8+! 2011, !h B&a"> $"*&" (+ a+4$&)a !& B%+ C"&, ()8 %(8(4(%(!'()&"#a!(&) a) #(*a%3 a) $ha"#a*'3*%a(#5% &" V"#&)! "()! *&7" 4'

"$&))!> $%a), =h(*h ha )&! 4) "$&"!a "6+(" 4' !h Da!a4a S!a!+! a)R8+%a!(&). J.A. ;03;;. R$&))!, 4%(7()8!ha! !h "6+! =a $"#$! 4' ERISA,()!"+*! B%+ C"& )&! !& *$%' =(!h !h+4$&)a. P!. A$$. -.

R$&))! !h) 5% +(! () !h U)(! S!a!

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"*&" &" a!a "%a!()8 !& !h $%a) &" (!$a"!(*($a)! a) 4)5*(a"(. J.A. 2.

Th (!"(*! *&+"! (#( !h *$%a()!,h&%()8 !ha! !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!a" )&! $"#$! 4' ERISA. P!. A$$. /30.Th *&+"! ?$%a() !ha! a%!h&+8h *$%(a)*=(!h !h "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! #a' ha7 ()("*! *! &) ha%!h 4)5! $%a),!h $&(4% *! ( & $"($h"a% !ha! !h"8+%a!(&) *a))&! 4 *&)(" a) a!!#$! !&()!"" =(!h !h a#()(!"a!(&) &" !"+*!+" &a =%a" 4)5! $%a). I+. a! . Th *&+"!#$ha(Q !ha! "$&))! ha )&! +4#(!!a)' ()&"#a!(&) a4&+! a)' a*!+a% 4+")

+" 4' (!% &" B%+ C"& () $"&+*()8!h( ()&"#a!(&). I+.a! ; )..

4. Th *&+"! & a$$a% "7", h&%()8 !ha!ERISA $"#$! !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8"6+("#)!. P!. A$$. 13;0. Th *&+"!?$%a() !ha! +)" !h( C&+"!> ()!"$"!a!(&)& ERISA> $"#$!(&) $"&7((&), 2- U.S.C.11//9a:, a !a! %a= ( $"#$! ( (! 1 ha a*&))*!(&) =(!h &" 2 "")* !& a) ERISA$%a).> P!. A$$. 1/ 94"a*! () &"(8()a%:96+&!()8 S$a? 7. Delta Air Lies& Ic., /; U.S., - 91-;::. Th *&+"! *&)*%+ !ha! !h"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & !h V"#&)! !a!+!a) "8+%a!(&) ha7 a *&))*!(&) =(!h> ERISA$%a) 9!h&+8h )& "")* !&> !h#: 4*a+"$&"!()8> ( a *&" ERISA +)*!(&) h(%" $&!)!(a%%' ()*&)(!)! a) 4+")!a! "8+%a!(&). I+. a! 2;. Th *&+"! )&!!ha! V"#&)! *&+% *ha)8 !h "6+("#)! a!a)' !(#, i+. a! 2, a) (! $&!+%a! !ha! (


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"$&))! =" +4@*! !& &) & 7"a% &" a*&" & +)*&&"()a! !a! "$&"!()8 "8(#,

!h 4+") =&+% 4 &47(&+%' ()!&%"a4%, i+.a! 2.J+8 S!"a+4 ()! () "%7a)! $a"!. P!.

A$$. ;03/. Ma)' !a! %a=, h ="&!, #a'ha7 a) (#$a*! &) !h a#()(!"a!(&) & a)ERISA $%a)&" ?a#$%, a =&"3$%a* a!'%a=, a $"7a(%()8 =a8 %a=, &" a %a= !ha!"6+(" *$a)( !& "$&"! #$%&'#)!a!a. I+. a! /2. A%!h&+8h +*h %a= #a'(#$& a(!(&)a% *&!, h *&)*%+, )&)& !h %a= (#$a*! $o? beets area+#iistere+ to beeciaries a), !h"&",

!h' a" )&! $"#$! 4' ERISA. Ibi+. J+8S!"a+4 a%& &+) !ha! &) !h "*&" 4&"!h *&+"!, )& 4a( ?(! !& *&)*%+ !ha!!h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! =&+%h()" !h )a!(&)a% a#()(!"a!(&) $%&'#)! 4)5! $%a) () a)' =a'. I+. a!// i+.a! /13/2.

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

ERISA & )&! $"#$! !h V"#&)!"$&"!()8 "6+("#)!.

A. U)" !h( C&+"!> $"*)!*&)!"+()8

ERISA> $"#$!(&) $"&7((&), 2- U.S.C.11//9a:, !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!& )&! "%a! !& ERISA $%a) 4*a+ !h'ha7 )(!h" a "")* !& )&" a *&))*!(&)=(!h +*h $%a). E%el$o;7. E%el$o;, ;2 U.S.1/1, 1/ 92001: 9*(!a!(&) (!!:. A !h *&+"!& a$$a% a*)&=%8, !h "6+("#)! &


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)&! ha7 a "")* !& ERISA $%a) 4*a+!h' &$"a! &) #a)' ha%!h*a" $a'", )&!

&)%' &) ERISA $%a), a) !h ?(!)* & a)ERISA $%a) ( )&! %&8(*a%%' )*a"' !& !h("&$"a!(&). P!. A$$. 2; ).- 9*(!a!(&) (!!:.P"#$!(&) !h"&" !+") &) =h!h" !h"6+("#)! ha7 a &"4() *&))*!(&)=(!h ERISA $%a). A%!h&+8h !h( C&+"! ha )&!5) !ha! *&)*$! =(!h 8"a! $"*((&), (! ha7a%+a! !h $"#$!(&) 6+!(&) 4' %&&()84&!h !& !h &4@*!(7 & !h ERISA !a!+! a a8+( !& !h *&$ & !h !a! %a= !ha!C&)8" +)"!&& =&+% +"7(7 a) !& !h)a!+" & !h *! & !h !a! %a= &) ERISA

$%a). E%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a! 1/9*(!a!(&) a)()!")a% 6+&!a!(&) #a" (!!:. U)" !ha!a$$"&a*h, !h "6+("#)! a" )&! $"#$!.

1. Th Da!a4a S!a!+! a) ERISA "7(")! $+"$&. ERISA 8&7") !h (8)a) a#()(!"a!(&) & #$%&' 4)5! $%a),()*%+()8 7!()8 "6+("#)!, ha%!h34)5!#a)a!, 5+*(a"' +!(, a) "#( &"4"a*h. I! "$&"!()8 a) (*%&+""6+("#)! +"!h" !h& $+"$&. ThDa!a4a S!a!+!, () *&)!"a!, ( (8) !&(#$"&7 !h 6+a%(!', +!(%(Qa!(&), a) *&! &ha%!h*a" () V"#&)! 4' $"&7(()8 *&)+#",8&7")#)! &*(a%, a) "a"*h" =(!h*$"h)(7 a!a a4&+! !h ha%!h*a"3%(7"' '!#. A%!h&+8h !h& a!a a""*! () *%a(# $a( 4' 7a"(&+ )!(!(,()*%+()8 ERISA $%a), !h &*+ & !h V"#&)!!a!+! ha )&!h()8 !& & =(!h !h *%a(#3


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$a'#)! $"&*. Tha! ( =h' V"#&)! & )&! ()&"#a!(&) &) )( *%a(#.

B*a+ !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!&$"a! () !h !"a(!(&)a% !a! $h" & ha%!ha) a!', =h(% ERISA ( $"()*($a%%' *&)*")=(!h !h (!()*! +4@*! & )+"()8 !ha! $%a)$"&7( *&7" 4)5!, !h "$&"!()8"6+("#)! a" )!(!% !& a $"+#$!(&) &7a%((!' +)" S*!(&) 11//9a:. A !h( C&+"!ha *a+!(&), (! =&+% 4 +)!!%()8 !&*&)*%+ !ha! ERISA 6+%*h a) )!(" a"a &!a! "8+%a!(&) a4&+! =h(*h ERISA (!% a'%(!!%. Califoria Div. of Labor Sta+ar+sEforce#et 7. Dilli%$a# Costr.& N.A., 1-

U.S. ;1, ;;0 91--: 9*(!a!(&) (!!:. Tha!(*!()8 "+%! =&+% 4 $a"!(*+%a"%' ha"#+%h", 4*a+ !h a!a *&%%*! 4' !h V"#&)!"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! a" ()!8"a% !& a*h(7()8!h &4@*!(7 & &!h" "a% !a!+!&"'$"&7((&).

2. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! &)&! ?"! (#$"#((4% *! &) !h (8) &"a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA $%a). ERISA 8)"a%%'$"#$! !h& %a= !ha! $"*"(4 4()()8 "+%&" a *)!"a% #a!!" & $%a) a#()(!"a!(&),+*h a !h $a'#)! & 4)5!, E%el$o;, ;2U.S. a! 1/, 4+! (! & )&! 8+a"a)! *&!+)(&"#(!' a#&)8 (")! S!a! =h" a $%a)#(8h! &$"a!, Ne? 9or= State Coferece of0lue Cross : 0lue S$iel+ Plas 7. Travelers Is.Co., 1/ U.S. /, 2 91--:. Th V"#&)!"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & )&! (#$& 4()()8&4%(8a!(&) =(!h "$*! !& a)' *&" #a!!" &$%a) a#()(!"a!(&), +*h a !h 7!()8 &


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4)5!, *%a(# $"&*()8, &" !h (8)a!(&)& 4)5*(a"(. R$&))!> *&)!"a"'

a"8+#)! )!(a%%' "! &) !h 7(= !ha! a%%"$&"!()8 & ()&"#a!(&) a*6+(" &" 8)"a!+"()8 !h a#()(!"a!(&) & a $%a) 6+a%(5 a a*)!"a% #a!!" & $%a) a#()(!"a!(&). B+! !ha!a"8+#)! *&)(*! =(!h !h( C&+"!> $"(&"*((&) a), !a) !& (! %&8(*a% *&)*%+(&),=&+% =$ a=a' 7("!+a%%' a%% !a!3%a="$&"!()8 "6+("#)! ()*()! !& %a= &8)"a% a$$%(*a4(%(!'. A) a%!h&+8h !h( C&+"!ha +88! () (*!a !ha! a %a= (#$&()8 *&!!ha! a" & a*+! a !& *!(7%' (*!a! h&= a$%a) ( (8) &" a#()(!" =&+% 4

$"#$!, )& +*h ?!"# *&)(* *!ha7 4) !a4%(h h".

B. S J+!(* ha7 +88! () $a"a!&$()(&) !ha! !h( C&+"! h&+% *%a"(' (! ERISA$"#$!(&) @+"($"+)* 4' h&%()8 !ha!S*!(&) 11//9a: #"%' *a%% &" !h a$$%(*a!(&)& &"()a"' $"()*($% & 5% a) *&)(*!$"#$!(&). U)" !h& $"()*($%, !hV"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! a" )&!$"#$!. Th "6+("#)! & )&! ()7a !h?*%+(7 "a% 5% & !h (8) a)a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA $%a). N&" & !h'*&)(*! =(!h a)' $*(5* $"&7((&) & ERISA &"=(!h S*!(&) 11//9a:> 4a(* &4@*!(7 !&!a4%(h a +)(&"# 4&' & #$%&'34)5!%a=.


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Pa8ARGUMENT THE VERMONT REPORTING

REQUIREMENTS ARE NOT PREEMPTED BY ERISA

A. The Vero!" Re#or"$!% Re&'$ree!"( Do No" F)**+$"h$! ERISA,( E#re(( Pree#"$o! Pro$($o!

S*!(&) 11//9a: & ERISA ?$"%' $"#$!!a! !a!+! a) "8+%a!(&) !ha! "%a! !& a)ERISA $%a), ?*$! &" a)' %a= =h(*h"8+%a! ()+"a)*, 4a)()8, &" *+"(!(,a)' 8)"a%%' a$$%(*a4% *"(#()a% %a=, a)&!h" $*(5 *a!8&"( & !a! %a=. 2-U.S.C. 11//9a:, 94:92:9A:, 9/:, a) 9*:91:. U)"!h( C&+"!> $"*)! *&)!"+()8 !ha!$"&7((&), a %a= "%a! !&> a) #$%&'4)5! $%a) ( (! ha a *&))*!(&) =(!h &""")* !& +*h a $%a). S$a? 7. Delta AirLies& Ic., /; U.S. , -3- 91-;: , e.%.,E%el$o; 7. E%lel$o;, ;2 U.S. 1/1, 1/ 92001:Ne? 9or= State Coferece of 0lue Cross : 0lueS$iel+ Plas 7.Travelers Is. Co., 1/ U.S. /, 91--: 9Travelers:.

Th *&+"! & a$$a% *&""*!%' *&)*%+ 9a)"$&))! ha )&! *&)!!: !ha! !h V"#&)!"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & )&! ha7 a "")*!& ERISA $%a). P!. A$$. 2; ).- 9*(!a!(&)(!!:. A %a= ha a "")* !& ERISA

$%a) ( (! a*! (##(a!%' a) ?*%+(7%'+$&) ERISA $%a) &" !h ?(!)* & ERISA$%a) ( )!(a% !& !h %a=> &$"a!(&).Califoria Div. of Labor Sta+ar+s Eforce#et7.Dilli%$a# Costr.& N.A., 1- U.S. ;1, ;23;291--: 9Dilli%$a#:. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8"6+("#)! a$$%' !& #a)' ha%!h*a" $a'",)&! &)%' !& ERISA $%a). Da!a4a S!a!+!


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-/109*: 9S+$$. 201/: Da!a4a R8+%a!(&) ;9:, /. A) !h' *&+% +)*!(&)

()$))!%' & !h ?(!)* & ERISA $%a),!h&+8h ?*%+()8 ERISA $%a) =&+% ")"V"#&)!> a!a4a a" % *$"h)(7 a)!h+ % ++%. F&" !h "a&), !h"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & )&! "#4% !h!a! %a= !ha! !h( C&+"! ha h% !& ha7 a$*(5* "")* !& ERISA $%a). Th& %a=ha7 !a"8! ERISA $%a) =(!h $*(5*(!'. SDistrict of Colu#bia 7. *reater Was$. 0+. ofTra+e, 0 U.S. 12, 12, 12-31;; 91--2:9=&""> *$)a!(&) %a= !ha! "6+("#$%&' 4)5! ! 4' "")* !& ERISA

$%a): 9*(!a!(&) (!!: I%ersoll/Ra+ Co. 7.8cCle+o, /- U.S. 1;;, 1;31;, 1/0 91--0:9*#&)3%a= *%a(# &" ="&)8+% (*ha"8 !&$"7)! a!!a()#)! & ERISA 4)5!: 8ac=e!7. Laier Collectio A%ec! : Serv.& Ic., /U.S. 2, 2 ).2, 2-3;0 91-: 9?#$!(&)" 8a")(h#)! !a!+! &" ERISA $%a):.

A**&"()8%', =h!h" S*!(&) 11//9a:$"#$! !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!!+") &) =h!h" !h "6+("#)! ha7 a)(#$"#((4% *&))*!(&) =(!h ERISA $%a).Th( C&+"! ha a*)&=%8 !ha! !h $h"a*&))*!(&) =(!h> ( *a"*%' #&" "!"(*!(7!ha) "%a! !&> a) ha !h"&" *a+!(&)a8a()! a) +)*"(!(*a% %(!"a%(# !ha! =&+% #a$"3#$!(&) !+") &) ()5)(! *&))*!(&).E%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a! 1/ 9*(!a!(&) a) ()!")a%6+&!a!(&) #a" (!!:. T& a7&( +*h a)?$a)(7 4"a!h, !h C&+"! ha %&& 4&!h!& !h &4@*!(7 & !h ERISA !a!+! a a 8+(


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!& !h *&$ & !h !a! %a= !ha! C&)8"+)"!&& =&+% +"7(7 a) !& !h )a!+" &

!h *! & !h !a! %a= &) ERISA $%a). Ibi+.9*(!a!(&) a) ()!")a% 6+&!a!(&) #a" (!!: Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! 3.

M+*h %( &"()a"' 5% $"#$!(&), !h 5"!()6+("' )!(a%%' a =h!h" !h *ha%%)8!a! %a= ( ("*! a! a) a"a & *&" ERISA*&)*")< !h (8) a) a#()(!"a!(&) $%&'"3$&)&" $)(&) a) =%a" $%a).E%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a! 1/ , e.%., Dilli%$a#,1- U.S. a! ;;03;;1. Th *&) ()6+("' a=h!h", 7) ( !h %a= ( )&! &7"!%' ("*!a! !ha! 5%, (! a$$%(*a!(&) =&+% "+!"a! !h

$+"$& & ERISA> $"#$!(&) $"&7((&) !&)+" !ha! $%a) a) $%a) $&)&" a"+4@*! !& a +)(&"# 4&' & 4)5! %a=,I%ersoll/Ra+, /- U.S. a! 1/2, 4' $"*"(4()84()()8 "+% &" !h (8) &" a#()(!"a!(&) &ERISA $%a). S E%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a! 1/31/-.I) !h( *a, !h a)=" !& a*h ()6+("' ( )&.

1. The Vermont reporting requirements serve

objectives distinct from the basic purposes

of ERISA

Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! &$"a!

() a) a"a & !"a(!(&)a% !a! "8+%a!(&) a)4a" &)%' a) a!!)+a! "%a!(&) !& !h $+"$&& ERISA. A +*h, !h' a" )!(!% !& a$"+#$!(&) & )&)$"#$!(&) +)" S*!(&)11//9a:a $"+#$!(&) &"!(5 4' !h"6+("#)!> (#$&"!a)! "&% () a*h(7()8 !h8&a% & &!h" "a% %8(%a!(&).

a. A (*+ a4&7, ERISA (#$& a)+#4"


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& "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! &) $%a), +*h a !h+4#((&) & 5)a)*(a% a) a*!+a"(a% ()&"#a!(&)

!& !h S*"!a"'. S $$. 23;, su"ra. Th&"6+("#)! "7 ERISA> 4a(* $+"$&< !&$"7)! !h #(#a)a8#)! & +)a**+#+%a! !& 5)a)* #$%&' 4)5!a) !h a(%+" !& $a' #$%&' 4)5! "a**+#+%a! +), Dilli%$a#, 1- U.S. a!;23;2 96+&!()8 8assac$usetts7. 8oras$, /-0U.S. 10, 11 91--::, 4' )&"*()8 5+*(a"'!a)a" &) $"&) =h& a*!(&) a*! !ha#&+)! & 4)5! $%a) $a"!(*($a)! =(%%"*(7, ,o$ Hacoc= 8ut. Life Is. Co. 7.Harris Trust : Sav. 0a=, 10 U.S. , - 91--;:.

S 2- U.S.C. 100194:. A)' !a!3%a= "$&"!()8"6+("#)! &" !h a# $+"$& =&+% "a(a +4!a)!(a% $"#$!(&) 6+!(&). SSta+ar+ Oil Co. 7. A%salu+, ;; F.2 0, ;3 9-!h C(". 1-0: 9h&%()8 $"#$! Ha=a(("$&"!()8 "6+("#)! ()*()! !& %a= "6+("()8#$%&'" !& $"&7( $"$a( ha%!h $%a):,+##a"(%' a>, // U.S. 01 91-1: a%&Fort Halifa< Pac=i% Co. 7. Co!e, /2 U.S. 1,1231; ). 91-:. Tha! ( 4*a+ +*h"6+("#)! =&+% *!(7%' ()7a !h 5%?*%+(7%' 8&7") 4' ERISA a) a%!" !ha$$"&a*h !ha! C&)8" a&$! !& )+" !ha!$%a) a" a#()(!" a**&"()8 !& a$$"&$"(a!%8a% "6+("#)!.

Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!,h&=7", ha7 a (")! &*+. Th"6+("#)! a" (8) !& $&$+%a! a !a!a!a4a !& 4 + !& a*h(7 a 7a"(!' &8)"a% ha%!h*a"3"%a! 8&a%, ()*%+()8


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()!('()8 !h S!a!> ha%!h*a" ),)ha)*()8 "&+"* +!(%(Qa!(&), *$a"()8

!"a!#)! *&! a) a$$"&a*h, (#$"&7()8$a!()! &+!*, a) #a()8 a7a(%a4% !&*&)+#" !"a)$a")! ha%!h *a" $"(*()&"#a!(&), 6+a%(!' ()&"#a!(&), a) +*h &!h"()&"#a!(&) a ( )*a"' !& #$&="()(7(+a%, ()*%+()8 +)()+" ()(7(+a%, !a *&)(*a%%' &+) a) #(*a%%'a$$"&$"(a! *((&). Da!a4a S!a!+! -/109a:91: a) 92:9A: 9S+$$. 201/:. ThV"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!, () &!h" =&",&*+ &) !h 6+a%(!', *&!, a) !"a)$a")*' (*a% !"a!#)! () !h S!a!. Th& 8&a% a"

$a"! & a) &7"a%% !a!+!&"' *h# ()!) !a()!a() a) (#$"&7 !h 6+a%(!' & ha%!h*a" "7(* &" !& V"#&)!" a)a*h(7 &!h" ). V!. S!a!. A)). !(!. 1, -/0194: 92012:.

Tha! $+"$& ( 6+(! "#&! " !h a"a=(!h =h(*h ERISA ( ?$"%' *&)*").Dilli%$a#, 1- U.S. a! ;;0 2- U.S.C.10019a: a) 94:. Th $+"$& & V"#&)!> a!a*&%%*!(&) ( )&! !& )+" !ha! ERISA $%a) a"+*()!%' +), $a' 4)5! *&7" +)"!h $%a) &" "6+(" 4' "a% %a=, &" a"a#()(!" () a**&"a)* =(!h 5+*(a"'!a)a". I), !h Da!a4a R8+%a!(&)& )&! 7) ()&"#a!(&) a4&+! a%% *%a(#+4#(!! 4' $a"!(*($a)! () ERISA =%a"$%a), 4+! &)%' a4&+! *%a(# !ha! a""ai+. S ;9A*: a) 9A: a%& i+. 9A:9:. Tha!( 4*a+ !h &*+ & !h "8+%a!(&) ( )&! !h*%a(# $"&* & #$%&' 4)5! $%a), 4+!


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"a!h" ha%!h*a" ?$)(!+", +!(%(Qa!(&), a)*&!. V"#&)! !h+ & )&! *&%%*! ()&"#a!(&)

a4&+! *%a(# !ha! a" )( 4' ERISA $%a)a#()(!"a!&"a #a!!" & *)!"a% (#$&"!a)*!& )+"()8 !ha! ERISA $%a) a" 4()8a#()(!" () a**&"a)* =(!h !h(" !"# a)=(!h !a!+!&"' "6+("#)!, 4+! & "%a!(7%'%(!!% (#$&"!a)* !& 7a%+a!()8 h&= ha%!h*a"&%%a" a" $)! () V"#&)!.

Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!,#&"&7", &$"a! () a) a"a 6+a"%' =(!h()!h h(!&"(* $&%(* $&=" & !h S!a!< !h"8+%a!(&) & #a!!" & ha%!h a) a!', De0uoo 7. N9SA/ILA 8e+. : Cliical Servs. Fu+,

20 U.S. 0, 1/ 91--:. A%!h&+8h !a!*&%%*!(&) a) a)a%'( & ha%!h*a" a!a ( a"%a!(7%' "*)! $h))&), !h 4a(*&4@*!(7 & !h a!a a)a%'((#$"&7()8ha%!h*a" 6+a%(!', "+*()8 ha%!h*a" *&!,a) h%$()8 V"#&)!" #a ()&"# #(*a%*((&)"*! !h %&)8!a)()8 ()!"! &S!a! () $"&!()8 !h ha%!h & !h(" *(!(Q),()*%+()8 !h"&+8h ()&"#a!(&)3*&%%*!(&) &"!.S P!. B". /3, ;23;/. A) $"*(%' 4*a+ERISA & )&! &*+ &) a)a%'Q()8 8)"a% a!aa4&+! #(*a% !"a!#)! a*"& $a'", ERISA& )&! !a4%(h a "a% *h# &"*&%%*!()8 a) a88"8a!()8 a 4"&a ! & a!aa4&+! #(*a% !"a!#)! &" $"&7( a)'a%!")a!(7 #*ha)(# 4' =h(*h !a! a) %&*a%8&7")#)! *a) & &. C. Pe%ra# 7.Her+ric$,;0 U.S. 211, 21/, 2; 92000: 9?$%a()()8 !ha!#(*a%3!"a!#)! *((&) a" )&! ERISA


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5+*(a"' a*! $(! !h(" *%& "%a!(&)h($ !&*((&) a4&+! =ha! a ha%!h $%a) *&7":.

4. B*a+ !h" ?(! %(!!% &7"%a$ 4!=)!h

&4@*!(7 & ERISA a) !h &4@*!(7 & !hV"#&)! *h#, a) 4*a+ !h V"#&)!*h# &$"a! () a) a"a & !"a(!(&)a% !a!"8+%a!(&), !h "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! a")!(!% !& !h $"+#$!(&) !ha! ERISA ( )&!()!) !& +$$%a)! !h#. Dilli%$a#, 1-U.S. a! ;;13;;2. A !h( C&+"! ha ?$%a(),a "a()8 & S*!(&) 11//9a: "+%!()8 () !h$"3#$!(&) & !"a(!(&)a%%' !a!3"8+%a!+4!a)!(7 %a= () !h& a"a =h" ERISA ha)&!h()8 !& a' =&+% 4 +)!!%()8.> I+.a! ;;096+&!()8 Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! :. C&)8"& )&! !'$(*a%%' )a*! %8(%a!(&) () &)+4!a)!(7 5% =(!h !h ()!)!(&) !& 6+%*h !a! &"! () a (!()*! $h" !ha! hah(!&"(*a%%' 4) "8+%a! a! !h !a! a) %&*a%%7% a) !ha! !h "a% !a!+! & )&!a". Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! . Tha! ($*(a%%' !"+ () !h 5% & ha%!h *a",=h" !h" ( )& ERISA $"#$!(&) =(!h&+! a*%a" #a)(!a!(&) & *&)8"(&)a% $+"$&.

Pe%ra#, ;0 U.S. a! 2; 9*(!()8 Travelers, 1/U.S. a! /3:.A$$%'()8 $"#$!(&) & 4"&a%' =&+% 4

$a"!(*+%a"%' !"&+4% h" 4*a+ (! =&+%*"a! a 7a*++# () a *"(!(*a%%' (#$&"!a)! a"a&" !h +!+" & ha%!h*a". I "$&"!()8"6+("#)! %( V"#&)!> =" h% ()7a%(,S!a! =&+% 4 &"*%& " *&%%*!()8()&"#a!(&) " #$%&'"3$&)&" $%a) !ha!


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a" %3()+" 9?*$! &) a 7&%+)!a"' 4a(:,$(! !h a*! !ha! &7" a &Q) S!a! ha7

!"#() !ha! +*h ()&"#a!(&)a% &"! *a)(#$"&7 !h(" *(!(Q)> ha%!h*a", %&=" *&!,a) )ha)* *&)+#" *h&(*. P!. A$$. .Tha! =&+% *"a! a (8)(5*a)! 8a$ &) !+'!(#a! !ha! () 2011, . & =&"" ="*&7" 4' %3()+" ha%!h $%a). Pa+%F"&)!(), Self/Isure+ Healt$ Plas@ Stateariatio a+ Recet Tre+s b! Fir# SiBe, E#$.B)5! R. I)!. N&!, N&7. 2012, a! 2.R$&))! ha $&()! !& )& 7()* !ha!C&)8" ()!) ERISA !& !h=a"! S!a!>a)a%'!(*a% ()(!(a!(7. Pa"!(*+%a"%' 8(7) !ha!

)&!h()8 () !h %a)8+a8 & ERISA &" !h*&)!?! & (! $aa8 ()(*a! !ha! C&)8"*h& !& ($%a* 8)"a% ha%!h *a""8+%a!(&) 4' !h S!a!, Travelers, 1/ U.S. a!1, !h( C&+"! h&+% 4 ?!"#%' "%+*!a)! !&"a +*h a 4"&a $"#$!(7 *&$ ()!&S*!(&) 11//9a:.

*. Th" ( a)&!h" "a&) &" *a+!(&) 4&"h&%3

()8 !ha! !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! a"$"#$!< S+*h a "+%()8 =&+% "+!"a! !h&4@*!(7 & &!h" (#$&"!a)! "a% !a!+!&"'$"&7((&).

I) *&)!"+()8 S*!(&) 11//9a:, !h( C&+"! ha*a"+%%' a!!) !& !h &4@*!(7 & &!h""a% !a!+!, $a"!(*+%a"%' () %(8h! & S*!(&)11//9:, =h(*h $"&7( !ha! )&!h()8 () !h(+4*ha$!" ha%% 4 *&)!"+ !& a%!", a#),#&(', ()7a%(a!, (#$a(",


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Th *&+"! & a$$a% ha )& &**a(&) !& a"=h!h" (! $"#$!(&) h&%()8 a$$%( !& *$a)( !ha!()+" ERISA $%a), () %(8h! & S*!(&) 11//94:92:>?#$!(&) " $"#$!(&) &" ()+"a)* "8+%a!(&).

&" +$" a)' %a= & !h U)(! S!a!.Th+, &" ?a#$%, () Travelers, su"ra, !h C&+"!h% a N= Y&" !a!+! )&)3$"#$! () $a"!4*a+ a "a% !a!+! +46+)!%' )a*!4' !h a# C&)8" !ha! )a*! ERISA =a(#$%' ()*$a!(4% =(!h $"3#$!(&) & !h!a! %a=. 1/ U.S. a! 3 a%& i+. a! ).. S(#(%a"%', () S$a?, su"ra, !h C&+"!h% !ha! a N= Y&" %a= =a )&! $"#$! !&

!h ?!)! !ha! !h %a= $"&7( a #a) &)&"*()8 T(!% VII> *#a). /; U.S. a!102. Th C&+"! ?$%a() !ha! !h *&)!"a"' 7(==&+% "+!"a! !h 8&a% & )*&+"a8()8 @&()!!a!"a% )&"*#)! & T(!% VII. Ibi+.

H", $"&7((&) & !h ACA "%' &) &")*&+"a8 !a! a!a3*&%%*!(&) &"! (#(%a" !&V"#&)!>. S*!(&) ;0219a: & !h ACA!a4%(h !h C)!" &"M(*a" a) M(*a( I))&7a!(&) 9CMMI:. S12/ S!a!. ;- 9/2 U.S.C. 1;1a:. CMMI> *ha"8( !& !! ())&7a!(7 $a'#)! a) "7(*

%(7"' #&% !ha! "+* *&! =h(%$""7()8 &" )ha)*()8 !h 6+a%(!' & *a". /2U.S.C. 1;1a9a:91:. Th ACA )*&+"a8 CMMI!& 7a%+a! a 7a"(!' & #&%, /2 U.S.C.1;1a94:92:9B:, ()*%+()8 4' a%%&=()8 S!a!!& !! a) 7a%+a! '!# & a%%3$a'"$a'#)! "&"# &" !h #(*a% *a" &"()! & !h S!a!, /2 U.S.C. 1;1a94:92:9B:9?(:. Th ACA "6+(" a*h #&% !ha! CMMI


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!! !& 4 7a%+a! 4' a)a%'Q()8 !h 6+a%(!'& *a" +")(h +)" !h #&% a) !h

*ha)8 () $)()8 +)" M(*a", M(*a(a) !h Ch(%")> Ha%!h I)+"a)* P"&8"a#9CHIP: 4' "a&) & !h #&%. /2 U.S.C.1;1a94:9/:. I) $a"! 4*a+ #&% #a' h(!*&! a#&)8 (")! $a'" &" ha7 ha%!h*! !ha! a" )&! "*! () !h M(*a",M(*a(, a) CHIP a!a4a, a** !&*$"h)(7 !a!3%7% a!a4a ((#$&"!a)! &" 7a%+a!()8 #&%. A**&"()8%',h&%()8 !ha! ()(!(a!(7 %( V"#&)!> a" ()7a%(=&+% (#$ CMMI> !a!+!&"' #((&).

C&)8" a%& ?$"%' "*&8)(Q !h

(#$&"!a)* & &"! !& *&%%*! a) a)a%'Qha%!h*a" a!a () S*!(&) 10;;2 & !h ACA.12/ S!a!. - 9/2 U.S.C.1;-9::. Tha! $"&7((&) "6+(" !hS*"!a"' & HHS !& #a M(*a" a!aa7a(%a4% !& )!(!( !ha! + *%a(# a!a !&7a%+a! !h $"&"#a)* & $"&7(" &"7(* a) +$$%(" &) #a+" & 6+a%(!',*()*', *!(7), a) "&+"* +. /2U.S.C. 1;-9:92:9A:. I! ( +)%(%' !ha!C&)8" =&+% ha7 )*&+"a8 !h7%&$#)! & +*h a)a%'!(*a% &"! 4'#a()8 M(*a" a!a a7a(%a4% ( (! 4%(7!ha! S!a! =" $"&h(4(! 4' ERISA "&4!a()()8 a!a " &!h" ha%!h*a" $a'".

A (*+ a4&7 9 $$. ;3/, su"ra:, !hACA !a4%(h )= "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!!ha! a$$%' !& 8"&+$ ha%!h $%a) a) ()+"a)**$a)(. /2 U.S.C. ;008831a, ;008831 2- U.S.C. 119a:. R$&))! ha )&!


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+88! !ha! !h )= "$&"!()8"6+("#)! ?$a) !h *&$ & ERISA

$"#$!(&) () a =a' !ha! ( "%7a)! !& !h(*a. A)' +*h a"8+#)! =&+% *&)(*! =(!h!h ?$" !"# & !h ACA, =h(*h $"&7(!ha! )&!h()8 () ACA T(!% I, =h(*h ()*%+ !h"%7a)! $"&7((&), ha%% 4 *&)!"+ !&$"#$! a)' S!a! %a= !ha! & )&! $"7)!!h a$$%(*a!(&) & !h $"&7((&) & ACA T(!% I,/2 U.S.C. 10/19:. I! =&+% a%& *&)(*! =(!hERISA (!%. S 2- U.S.C. 11-19a:92: 9N&!h()8() !h( $a"! 2- U.S.C. 111311-1* ha%% 4*&)!"+ !& a*! &" #&(' !h $"&7((&) &*!(&) 11// & ERISA =(!h "$*! !& 8"&+$

ha%!h $%a).: a%& /2 U.S.C. ;008832;9a:92:. A) () a)' 7)!, !h& ACA "$&"!()8"6+("#)! &*+ &) "las a +*h, ()8()&"#a!(&) &) +*h #a!!" a *%a(#3$a'#)!$&%(*(, *&! ha"()8 &" &+!3&3)!=&"*&7"a8, )"&%%#)! 58+", a) =h!h"*"!a() !'$ & 4)5! a" 4()8 ()*%+ ()ha%!h*a" $%a). /2 U.S.C. ;008831a9()*&"$&"a!()8 $"&7((&) & /2 U.S.C. 10;19:9;:: /2 U.S.C. ;0088319a:. Th' !h"&"=&+% )&! 5%% !h 7&( %! 4' ()7a%(a!()8 !a!3%7% &"! !& *$(% a!a4a & ha%!h*a"3?$)(!+" ()&"#a!(&) a*"& !h 4&a".

2. The Vermont reporting requirements do not

eert an impermissib!e e"ect on the

design or administration of ERISA p!ans

B*a+ !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!&$"a! () a) a"a & !"a(!(&)a% !a! "8+%a!(&)!ha! ( "#&! " !h 4a(* $+"$& & ERISA,!h' a" )!(!% !& a $"+#$!(&) a8a()!


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$"#$!(&) +)" S*!(&) 11//9a:. Dilli%$a#,1- U.S. a! ;;03;;2. Tha! $"+#$!(&) *&+% 4

&7"* ( !h V"#&)! *h#, !h&+8h )&!&7"!%' ("*! a! ERISA $%a), )7"!h%&$"a! !& $"*"(4 4()()8 "+% &" !h(8) &" a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA $%a) &"?"! +*h $&="+% *&)(* *! a !&$"a*!(*a%%' 4() $%a) a#()(!"a!&" !& a$a"!(*+%a" *&+" & *&)+*!. B+! )(!h" !'$ &&"4() *! ha 4) #&)!"a! h".

a. Th $+"$& & ERISA> $"#$!(&)$"&7((&) ( !& )+" !ha! $%a) a) $%a)$&)&" a" +4@*! !& a +)(&"# 4&' &4)5! %a= & !ha! !h' a" )&! "6+(" !&

!a(%&" $%a) a) #$%&'" *&)+*! !&!h $*+%(a"(!( & !h %a= & a*h @+"((*!(&).I%ersoll/Ra+, /- U.S. a! 1/2. Tha! a)(#a!()8$+"$& "*! "*&8)(!(&) & !ha#()(!"a!(7 "a%(!( & #$%&' 4)5!$%a)< I #+%!(!a! $%a) =" 8&7") 4'(")! %8a% "+% &" *&" a#()(!"a!(7+)*!(&), (! =&+% $"&+* *&)("a4%()*()*(, =h(*h !h #$%&'" #(8h! *h&&!& &! 4' %&="()8 4)5! %7%. FortHalifa


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1/; &"4( a #!h& & *a%*+%a!()8 $)(&)4)5! !ha! "a% %a= $"#(!, De 0uoo,

20 U.S. a! 1/31 9*(!()8 Alessi 7.Ra!bestos8a$atta& Ic., /1 U.S. 0/ 91-1::&" "6+(" #$%&'" !& $"&7( *"!a()4)5!, i+. a! 1 9*(!()8 S$a?, su"ra, a)8etro"olita Life Is. Co. 7.8assac$usetts, /1 U.S. 2/ 91-::.

C&)7"%', !h( C&+"! ha h% !ha! %a= &8)"a% a$$%(*a4(%(!' !ha! #"%' ()+)* !h*h&(* #a 4' ERISA $&)&" &" 5+*(a"(,4+! & )&! $"*"(4 4()()8 "+% 8&7")()8$%a) (8) &" a#()(!"a!(&), a" )&!$"#$!. S Dilli%$a#, 1- U.S. a! ;2-

Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! , 0, /. I +*h%a= =" $"#$!, !h( C&+"! ha ?$%a(),!h *&+"! =&+% *a"*%' !h ) &ERISA> $"3#$!(7 "a*h, a) !h =&""%a! !&> =&+% %(#(! )&!h()8. Dilli%$a#, 1-U.S. a! ;2-. Th C&+"! a**&"()8%' ha+!a() %a= !ha! ()*"a !h *&! &$"&7(()8 *"!a() 4)5!, a) !h"4'$&!)!(a%%' a*! !h *h&(* #a 4' ERISA$%a), ibi+., &" !ha! ?"! &)%' a) ()("*!*&)(* ()+)* 4' #a()8 *"!a() $%a)3a#()(!"a!(&) *h&(* #&" *&)(*a%%'a!!"a*!(7, Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! -. ERISA!h+ & )&! 8+a"a)! *&! +)(&"#(!'a#&)8 S!a! =h" a $%a) #(8h! &$"a!. I+.a! 2. A!" a%%, &"()a"' !a?, =a8, $"&$"!',a) ha%!h %a= *a) 7a"' " S!a! !& S!a!a) )!a(% +4!a)!(a% a#()(!"a!(7 *&!.


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4. Th V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! & )&!?3

"! a) (#$"#((4% *! &) ERISA $%a)4*a+ !h' & )&! $"*"(4 4()()8 "+% &"a *)!"a% #a!!" & $%a) a#()(!"a!(&). Th"$&"!()8 $"&7((&) & )&! (*!a! a!+" &ERISA $%a)7!()8 "6+("#)!, 4)5!%7%, a) & &"!h)&" & !h' (#$& "+%&) $%a) a#()(!"a!&" &" h&= *%a(# h&+% 4$"&* a) $a(. S P!. A$$. 2. Th' &)&! )ha)* &" a%!" $%a) a#()(!"a!&">5+*(a"' +!( &" +$$%#)! ERISA> "#(a%*h#. S Aeta Healt$ Ic. 7. Davila, /2U.S. 200, 21/321 9200/:. Th V"#&)! *h#

& )&!, () &!h" =&", (*!a! h&= a $%a)#+! 4 a#()(!". I! !h"&" ("+)a#)!a%%' ", &" ?a#$%, !a!3%a= "+%8&7")()8 4)5*(a"' (8)a!(&), =h(*h, (+!a(), =&+% #a) !ha! a 5+*(a"'#a()!a() a#(%(a"(!' =(!h 7"' "%7a)! S!a!>%a= @+! !& *$%! !h 4a(* +)*!(&) & $%a)a#()(!"a!(&).C. E%el$o;, su"ra.

Th *&+"! & a$$a% "! (! *&)!"a"'h&%()8 &) !h )&!(&) !ha! all"$&"!()8=h(*h

!h *&+"! 5) a $%a) "*&"3$()8 a)5%()8 =(!h a !h("$a"!'( a *&" ERISA+)*!(&). P!. A$$. 2;32/. Ba &) !ha!$"#(, !h *&+"! h% !ha! a)' !a! %a= !ha!(#$& a "$&"!()8 &4%(8a!(&) &) a) ERISA $%a)!ha! ( #&" !ha) %(8h! ( $"#$!. Ibi+.9*(!()8 S$a?, /; U.S. a! -:.

Tha! *&)*%+(&) =a ""&)&+, 7)a**$!()8 !h *&+"! & a$$a%> 4%( !ha! !h


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4+") h" ( #&" !ha) %(8h! 94+! $$.232-, ifra:. ERISA (#$& "$&"!()8 a)

(*%&+" &4%(8a!(&) !ha! +"!h" !h "8+%a!(&)& !h (8) a) a#()(!"a!(&) & #$%&'4)5! $%a). Th& &4%(8a!(&) a" ()!8"a% !&a*h(7()8 ERISA> $+"$&, 4*a+ !h')a4% !h D$a"!#)! & La4&" a) $%a)$a"!(*($a)! !& )+" !ha! !h $%a) ( 4()8a#()(!" $"&$"%'. B+! !ha! & )&! #a)!ha! a%% "$&"!()8 ()*()! !& !a! %a= &8)"a% a$$%(*a4(%(!' !ha! &$"a! () ($a"a!5%!a?, $"&$"!', =a86+a%(' a *&"ERISA +)*!(&). A) =h(% *((&) & !h(C&+"! a) !h %8(%a!(7 h(!&"' & ERISA

()!(' "$&"!()8 a) (*%&+" a a *)!"a%ERISA +4@*! #a!!", !h& 4"( 8)"a%!a!#)!, "a () *&)!?!, a" 4!+)"!&& !& "" !& "$&"!()8 a)*(%%a"' !& !ha"a !ha! ERISA 8&7"), )&! !& a)' "$&"!()8&4%(8a!(&) !ha! #(8h! 4 (#$& &) a) ERISA$%a) ()*()! !& )&"*()8 a) &!h"=(a$$%(*a4% !a! %a=. E.%., Dilli%$a#, 1- U.S.a! ;;0 96+&!()8 Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! 1: ,e.%., S. R$. N&. 12, -; C&)8., 1! S. ;91-;:.

A)' &!h" "a()8 =&+% 4 +)!)a4% () %(8h!& !h #a)' !'$ & 8)"a% !a! %a= !& =h(*hERISA $%a) a" +4@*! a) =&+% *&)(*! =(!h!h C&+"!> h&%()8 () &!h" *a !ha! !a!%a= *&)!a()()8 "$&"!()8 &" "*&"3$()8"6+("#)! a" )&! $"#$!. I) De 0uoo,&" ?a#$%, !h( C&+"! h% !ha! a 8"&3"*($! !a? &) $a!()! "7(* $"&7( 4' ah&$(!a% &$"a! 4' a) ERISA $%a) =a )&!


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$"#$!, 20 U.S. a! 0-310, 1, 7)!h&+8h !h a#()(!"a!(&) & !h !a? "6+("

!h 5%()8 & 6+a"!"%' "$&"!, U.S. A#(*+B". a! 23;, De 0uoo, su"ra 9N&. -31-/:. A)() Dilli%$a#, !h C&+"! h% !ha! Ca%(&")(a>$"7a(%()83=a8 %a= =a )&! $"#$! aa$$%( !& a$$")!(*h($ $"&8"a# !a4%(ha ERISA $%a). S 1- U.S. a! ;1-. P"7a(%()83=a8 %a= !'$(*a%%' "6+(" #$%&'" !& $"*&" & !h =a8 $a( !& #$%&' a)#a !h# a7a(%a4% &" "7(= 4' !a!a+!h&"(!(. S, e.%., Ca%. La4. C& 19W! 1--: 9$"7a(%()83=a8 %a= () Dilli%$a#: a%&, e.%., >e!stoe C$a"ter& Associate+

0uil+ers : Cotractors& Ic. 7. Fole!, ; F.;-/, -23-; 9; C(". 1--/:, *"!. )(, 1/U.S. 10;2 91--:. A) a $!(!(&)" $&()! &+!9P!. B". /1:, ERISA *&)!#$%a! !ha! $%a)#a' &" a' *a" *)!", !"a()()8$"&8"a#, a) %8a% "7(*a*!(7(!( !ha!+)&+4!%' #a' 4 +4@*! !& !a! "8+%a!(&)a) "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!. 2- U.S.C. 100291:.Th *&+"! & a$$a% !h+ "" () *&)*%+()8!ha! a)' !a!3%a= "$&"!()8 &4%(8a!(&) !ha! (#&" !ha) %(8h! ( $"#$!.

F&" (! $a"!, "$&))! (!()8+(h 9B". ()O$$. 2: &!h" 8)"a%%' a$$%(*a4% !a!3%a="$&"!()8 &4%(8a!(&) (#$& &) ERISA $%a) &)!h 8"&+) !ha! !h V"#&)! %a= "6+(" !h"$&"!()8 & ()&"#a!(&) a4&+! *&" ERISAa*!(7(!(< !h $a'#)! & *%a(# +)" !h$%a). C. P!. A$$. 2- ).1;. R$&))!)!(a%%' *&)!) !ha! a%% "$&"!()8 !ha!()7&%7 ()&"#a!(&) a*6+(" &" 8)"a!


42/117

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+"()8 !h a#()(!"a!(&) & a $%a) 6+a%(5 a a*&" #a!!" & $%a) a#()(!"a!(&).

Tha! *a))&! 4 !h !!. Ma)' 8)"a%%'a$$%(*a4% "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! !ha! a$$%' !&ERISA $%a) #(8h! &" !a? &" &!h"$+"$& ()&"#a!(&) a*6+(" &" 8)"a! ()!h *&+" & a#()(!"()8 !h $%a)+*h a()&"#a!(&) a4&+! *%a(# $a'#)!, $)(&)(4+"#)!, #$%&'" *&)!"(4+!(&), &"a! h% () !"+!. A) ERISA $%a), a!" a%%, ()&! %(%' !& ha7 #+*h ()&"#a!(&) a4&+!#a!!" )&! "%a! !& !h a#()(!"a!(&) & !h$%a). Th 8"&"*($! "$&"!()8 () De 0uoo,&" ?a#$%, *&)*") !h a#&+)! & #&)'

!ha! !h $%a) =a !a()8 () !h"&+8h !h #(*a%*)!" !ha! !h $%a) =a &$"a!()8. Th %&8(*a%*&)6+)* & "$&))!> a"8+#)!,!h"&", ( !ha! a%#&! )& !a!3%a= "$&"!()8&4%(8a!(&) =&+% +"7(7 $"#$!(&), 7) !h&()*()! !& &!h"=( 7a%( %a= & 8)"a%a$$%(*a4(%(!'. S+*h a 4"&a "+% & $"#$!(&)=&+% *&)(*! =(!h !h( C&+"!> "%+*!a)* !&()7a%(a! !a! %a= !ha! &$"a! () a"a !&=h(*h ERISA & )&! $a a) =&+% "*!a) +)"a%(!(* 7(= & C&)8"> ()!)! =h) (!#a "$&"!()8 a) (*%&+" () a"a"8+%a! 4' ERISA a) ?*%+(7%' "a%*&)*").*. Th( C&+"! ha +88! () (*!a !ha! !h"

#(8h! 4 a !a! %a= =h& *&)(* *!,()!)!(&)a%%' &" &!h"=(, =" & a*+! a !&&"* a) ERISA $%a) !& a&$! a *"!a() *h#& +4!a)!(7 *&7"a8 &" *!(7%' "!"(*! (!*h&(* & ()+"", a) +*h a !a! %a= #(8h!


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() 4 $"3#$!. De 0uoo, 20 U.S. a!1 ).1 96+&!()8 Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! :

9()!")a% 6+&!a!(&) #a" (!!:. I! (!h"&" *&)*(7a4% !ha! a !a!3%a= "$&"!()8&4%(8a!(&) !ha! & )&! (#$& 4()()8 %8a%"6+("#)! &) !h (8) &" a#()(!"a!(&) &ERISA $%a) *&+% 4 & *&!%' a !& 4$"#$!. A) () *&)("()8 =h!h" +*h a)?!"# *&)(* *! ?(!, (! ( a$$"&$"(a!!& *&)(" !h *! & a $&!)!(a% $a!*h=&" &!a! %a= (#$&()8 (")! "6+("#)!. SE%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a! 1/-310.

B+! () !h $&!+" & !h( *a, )& &+) 4a(?(! !& *&)*%+ !ha! !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8

"6+("#)! 4+") ERISA $%a) () a6+a%(!a!(7%' (")! &" #&" +4!a)!(a% =a'!ha) #'"(a !a! %a= () a"a !"a(!(&)a%%'+4@*! !& %&*a% "8+%a!(&), =h(*h C&)8" *&+%)&! $&(4%' ha7 ()!) !& %(#()a!.Travelers, 1/ U.S. a! . I), !h" ( )&"a&) !& *&)*%+ !ha! !h "$&"!()8"6+("#)! (#$& a)'!h()8 #&" !ha) a #()(#( 5)a)*(a% 4+"), 4*a+ "$&))!#a )& &"! !& 6+a)!(' !h& *&! () (!5%()8 4%&=. A !h (!"(*! *&+"! ?$%a()a!" "7(=()8 "$&))!> +##a"'@+8#)!+4#((&), !h" ( )& 7()* !ha! !h%a= *"a! a) *&)(* *! & a*+!a !& (*!a! *"!a() a#()(!"a!(7 *h&(*.P!. A$$. 2.

Th *&+"! & a$$a% )7"!h% !a! !ha!!h "$&"!()8 #a)a! 4' !h V"#&)! !a!+!a) "8+%a!(&) ( 4+"), !(#3*&)+#()8,a) "(', $a"!(*+%a"%' =h) *&)(" a &)


44/117

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& 7"a% &" a *&" & +)*&&"()a! !a!"$&"!()8 "8(#. P!. A$$. 2. R$&))!

*&)!) 9B". () O$$. 20: !ha! !h *&+"! &a$$a%> 7(= "*! a *#&) )a#)! & !h a#()(!"a!(7 "a%(!( &ERISA $%a).

Th +$$&(!(&) !ha! V"#&)!> "6+("#)!(#$& a +4!a)!(a% 4+"), h&=7", ( )&!&47(&+, &" 7) $a"!(*+%a"%' $%a+(4%, =(!h&+!a)' a*!+a% +$$&"!. Th Da!a4a R8+%a!(&))!(a%%' "6+(" B%+ C"& !& !a()&"#a!(&) 8)"a! () !h &"()a"' *&+" &(! *%a(#3$a'#)! &$"a!(&) a) "$&"! !ha!()&"#a!(&) () a $"*"(4 &"#a! !& !h B&a".

R$&))! ha )&! +88!, %! a%&)!a4%(h, !ha! B%+ C"& ha *ha)8 a)'a$*! & (! a#()(!"a!(&) & !h *%a(#$"&* 4*a+ & !ha! "$&"!()8 &4%(8a!(&).Wh(% &"8a)(Q()8 a) &"#a!!()8 !h a!a"6+(" a#()(!"a!(7 "&+"*, (! ((#$%a+(4% !& a+# !ha! !h a(!(&)a% *&!=&+% #a)()8+%%' a%!" !h *%a(#3$a'#)!$"&* &" a)' &!h" a$*! & !h $%a)>a#()(!"a!(&). I), B%+ C"& $"+#a4%'a%"a' ha +*h $"&*+" () $%a*, 8(7) !ha!(! "$&"! a!a !& !h B&a" &" &7" 000()(7(+a%, J.A. 20.

I !h *&! & *$%(a)* =" () a*! &(8)(5*a)! a !& a%!" B%+ C"&>a#()(!"a!(&) & *%a(#, "$&))! *&+% ha7+4#(!! a *%a"a!(&) 6+a)!('()8, &" a! %a!!(#a!()8, !h 4+"), a) ?$%a()()8 =a' ()=h(*h !h "$&"!()8 &4%(8a!(&) ha *ha)8 h&=(! $%a) &$"a!. O" (! *&+% ha7 +4#(!!


45/117

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7()* !(#a!()8 &" *"(4()8 !h 4+") &"ERISA $%a) 8)"a%%'. R$&))!>

*&)!)!(&) !h) *&+% ha7 4) +4@*! !&a7"a"(a% !!()8 () !h (!"(*! *&+"!. B+!"$&))!> &)%' a*!+a% +4#((&) =a a a*!h! $"()! " !h I)!")! !a!()8 !ha! (!=&+% 4 % *&!%' ( S!a! =(!h (#(%a"!a!+! !a)a"(Q !h(" a!a &"#a!=h(*ha' )&!h()8 a4&+! =h!h" !h *&! ( & 8"a!a !& +)a#)!a%%' a*! $%a) a#()(!"a!(&).S J.A. 21322 D. C!. D&*. -, a! 2 9O*!. ,2012:. Th+, a J+8 S!"a+4 ?$%a(), &)!h "*&" 4&" !h *&+"! & a$$a%, !h" ()& 4a( !& 5) !ha! !h V"#&)! !a!+! =&+%

*a+ "$&))! !& ()*"a (! *&! #&"!ha) a +e #ii#is a#&+)! !& *&7" !h *&! &)()8 ()&"#a!(&) !& !h !a!, #+*h % !ha!(! =&+% *a+ a 5+*(a"' !& *ha)8 a $%a) ()a)' =a'. P!. A$$. /03/1 9()!()8 () $a"!a) *&)*+""()8 () $a"!:.

B. The Vero!" Re#or"$!% Re&'$ree!"( Are

V)*$/ I0 Re$ee/ U!/er Ge!er)* Pr$!2$#*e( O0

F$e*/ A!/

Co!3$2" Pree#"$o!

I) $a"a! &$()(&), &+" J+!(* ha7 *a%%

&" !h( C&+"! !& *%a"(' !ha! (! "a#=&" &"a)a%'Q()8 ERISA $"#$!(&) 6+!(&))!(a%%' a$$%( &"()a"' $"()*($% & 5%a) *&)(*! $"#$!(&). U)" !ha! 7(=, !h"%a! !&> *%a+ & !h $"#$!(&) $"&7((&) (#a)!, )&! !& ! &"!h a test &" $"3#$!(&),4+! "a!h" !& ()!(' !h 5% () =h(*h &"()a"'el+ "re/e#"tio a$$%()a#%', !h 5% &%a= "8+%a!()8 #$%&' 4)5! $%a)


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*"(4 () *!(&) 100;9a: & !h( !(!% a) )&!?#$! +)" *!(&) 100;94: & !h( !(!%,> 2-

U.S.C. 11//9a:. Dilli%$a#, 1- U.S. a! ;;9S*a%(a, J., *&)*+""()8, @&() 4' G()4+"8, J.:94"a*! () &"(8()a%: E%el$o;, ;2 U.S. a!1231; 9S*a%(a, J., *&)*+""()8, @&() 4'G()4+"8, J.: i+. a! 1; 9B"'", J., ()!()8,@&() 4' S!7), J.:. A) () 0o%%s 7. 0o%%s,20 U.S. ;; 91--:, !h C&+"! h% a !a! %a=$"#$! 4' (#$%' a()8 ( !h !a! %a=*&)(*! =(!h !h $"&7((&) & ERISA &"&$"a! !& "+!"a! (! &4@*!, =(!h&+!()6+("()8 =h!h" !h !a!+!&"' $h"a "%a!!&> $"&7( +"!h" a) a(!(&)a% +$$&"! &"

!h $"3#$!(&) *%a(#. I+. a! /1 *. UNU8Life Is. Co. of A#. 7. War+, 2 U.S. ;, ;3; 91---: 9UNU8: 9a$$%'()8 *&)(*!3$"#$!(&) a)a%'( !& !a! %a= a%%()8 =(!h()ERISA> ()+"a)* a7()8 *%a+:.

I !h C&+"! a$$%( &"()a"' 5% a) *&)(*!$"#$!(&) $"()*($% h" a a #a) & 8(7()8*&)!)! !& 9&" *h*()8 !h a$$%(*a4(%(!' &: !h"%a! !& %a)8+a8 () S*!(&) 11//9a:, !hV"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! %(=( a" )&!$"#$!.

1. Wh) a "a% !a!+! &**+$( a 5% &+4!a)!(7 "8+%a!(&), !h !! &" $"#$!(&)( =h!h" !h #a!!" &) =h(*h !h S!a!a"! !h "(8h! !& a*! ( () a)' =a' "8+%a!4' !h F"a% A*!. Rice7. Sata Fe Elevator Cor"., ;;1 U.S. 21, 2;91-/:. I &, !h !a! %a= ( $"#$!, 7) ((! ( *&)(!)! =(!h "a% &4@*!(7. SONEO>& Ic. 7. Lear2et& Ic., 1; S. C!. 1-1,


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1- 9201: a**&" 8etro"olita Life Is. Co.,/1 U.S. a! ;- 9ERISA> $"3#$!(&)

$"&7((&) =a ()!) !& ($%a* a%% !a! %a=!ha! a%% =(!h() (! $h", 7) ()*%+()8 !a!%a= !ha! a" *&)(!)! =(!h ERISA>+4!a)!(7 "6+("#)!.:. B+! !h( C&+"! haa%& $! () #() !ha! )&! 7"' !a! %a= !ha!() "#&! =a' #a' a*! !h +4@*!#a!!" & !h "a% !a!+! *a) 4 a( !& a%%=(!h() !h $"3#$! 5%. E%lis$7. *eeralElec. Co., /- U.S. 2, 91--0:.

La"8%' &" !h "a&) 8(7) () P&()! Aa4&7, !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)! &)&! (#$"&$"%' ()7a a 5% 8&7")

?*%+(7%' 4' ERISA. Th' & )&! !a"8! ERISA$%a) &" $*(a% !"a!#)!. Th' ha7 a(")! $+"$& a) +)*!(&) !ha) ERISA,&*+()8 &) !h 6+a%(!', +!(%(Qa!(&), a) *&! (*a% "7(* !h#%7, " aha%!h*a"%(7"' $"$*!(7, "a!h" !ha) !h(8) & #$%&' 4)5! $%a) &" 5+*(a"'*&)+*! () %(7"()8 $"( 4)5! !& ERISA$a"!(*($a)! a) 4)5*(a"(. A) !h"6+("#)! ha7 )&! 4) h&=) !& ?"!#&" !ha) a #()(#( *! &) !h (8) &"a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA $%a).

2. a. U)" *&)(*!3$"#$!(&) $"()*($%, a!a! %a= ( ()7a%( 9a a$$%( !& ERISA $%a): (*$%(a)* =(!h 4&!h !h !a! %a= a)ERISA ( (#$&(4%, &" =h) !h !a! %a=!a) a a) &4!a*% !& !h a**$%(h#)!a) ?*+!(&) & !h +%% $+"$& a) &4@*!(7& ERISA. Uite+ States7. Loc=e, 2- U.S. -,10- 92000: 9*(!a!(&) a) ()!")a% 6+&!a!(&)


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#a" (!!: 0o%%s, 20 U.S. a! //.Th+, () 0o%%s, !h( C&+"! h% !ha! a !a! %a=

$"#(!!()8 a )&)3$a"!(*($a)! !& *! a!!a#)!a"' !"a)" & h" $&+>+)(!"(4+! $)(&) 4)5! =a $"#$!a!" 5)()8 a ("*! *%ah 4!=) !h !a!%a= a) !h $"&7((&) a) &4@*!(7 & ERISA=(!h "$*! !& !h (8)a!(&) & 4)5*(a"(& +"7(7&" a))+(!(. 20 U.S. a! /;3//.S(#(%a"%', () a %() & *a, !h( C&+"! ha h%!ha! *"!a() !a! %a= *&)(*! =(!h !h&4@*!(7 & ERISA> ?*%+(7 "#(a%*h#. SAeta Healt$, /2 U.S. a! 21/21.A %a= =&+% a%& 4 $"#$! ( (! "+!"a!

!h *)!"a% $+"$& & S*!(&) 11//9a: (!%,=h(*h ( !& a7&( !h $"&$*! !ha! a)#$%&'"> a#()(!"a!(7 *h# =&+% 4+4@*! !& *&)(*!()8 "6+("#)!. FortHalifa


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7a a !a! %8a% &4%(8a!(&) 4' "a!()8 a)()*$a!(4% $%a) !"#. B+! !h( C&+"! "@*!

a #a!"(a%%' ()!(*a% a"8+#)! ()UNU8, =h" (! h% !ha! a) &!h"=()&)$"#$! !a! ()+"a)* %a= ( )&!*&)(*! =(!h S*!(&) 110/9a:91:9D: #"%'4*a+ a $%a) $&)&" ha ()"! a*&)!"a"' !"# () $%a) &*+#)!, 5)()8 !ha!a"8+#)! !& #a *a)! ). 2 U.S. a!;3; F8C Cor".7. Holli+a!, /- U.S. 2,/3 91--0: 9a)a%'Q()8 =h!h" ERISA$"#$! a !a! %a= $"&h(4(!()8 a $a"!(*+%a"$%a) !"# +)" !h )&"#a% ERISA $"#$!(&)"a#=&":.

A +$$&"! &" (! a)a%&+ $&(!(&),"$&))! *(! a &&!)&! () E%el$o;, su"ra9B". () O$$. 2232/:, 4+! "$&))!#(+)"!a) !h (#$&"! & !ha! (*+(&).E%el$o; h% $"#$!, a a$$%( !& ERISA$%a), a Wah()8!&) !a!+! $"&7(()8 !ha! !h(8)a!(&) & a $&+ a a 4)5*(a"' & a)&)$"&4a! a! =a "7& a+!a!(*a%%'+$&) (7&"*. ;2 U.S. a! 1// 9*(!()8 Wah. R7.C& 11.0.01091: 91--/::. Th C&+"! "@*!!h a"8+#)! !ha! !h Wah()8!&) !a!+! =aa7 " $"#$!(&) 4*a+ #$%&'"*&+% &$! &+! & !h a+!a!(*"7&*a!(&) "+%!h"&+8h a) ?$" $%a) !"#. S i+. a! 10311. I) !h *(! &&!)&!, !h C&+"! #"%'&4"7 !ha! a S!a! *&+% )&! a7 a)&!h"=( $"#$! %a= " ()7a%(a!(&) 4'$"#(!!()8 ERISA $%a) $&)&" !& &$! &+! 4'*ha)8()8 !h !"# & !h(" $%a), i+.a! 11)./, a) !h C&+"! =)! &) !& h(8h%(8h! !h


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(8)(5*a)! 4+") &" 5+*(a"( ()#a()!a()()8 a a#(%(a"(!' =(!h !h %a= & a%%

0 S!a! & !ha! !h' *a) +$a! !h(" $%a) a)*a"', i+. a! 11. N&!h()8 () !h C&+"!>(*+(&), h&=7", +$$&"! !h 7(= !ha! a!a! %a= !ha! ( &!h"=( ot $"#$! *&+%4 *("*+#7)! 4' a *&)!"a"' !"# () a$a"!(*+%a" $%a), a) a"8+#)! !h( C&+"! "@*!() UNU8.

I) a)' 7)!, !h" ( )& 7()! *&)(*!4!=) !h !"# & "$&))!> $%a) a) !hV"#&)! "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!. N& $"&7((&)& "$&))!> $%a) &*+#)! !a! !ha! !h$%a) =(%% "+ !& "$&"! *%a(# ()&"#a!(&) !&

!a! a+!h&"(!( () *$%(a)* =(!h !a! %a=.T& !h *&)!"a"', !h $"(#a"' $%a) &*+#)!?$"%' $"&7( !ha! !h P%a) ha%% *$%'=(!h a%% !a! a) "a% %a= !& !h ?!)!)&! $"#$! 4' ERISA. J.A. . R$&))!a$$a" !& "%' &) !=& !a!#)! () a +##a"'$%a) *"($!(&) !a!()8 !ha! ()&"#a!(&) "%a!()8!& =%%34a4' $"&8"a# a) $ha"#a8)(*=(%% 4 $! *&)5)!(a%. J.A. 1131209*a$(!a%(Qa!(&) a) #$ha( (!!: R$.C.A. B". . B+! "$&))!> $"(#a"' $%a)&*+#)! !a! !ha! (! !"+#$ *&)(*!()8!a!#)! () !h +##a"' $%a) *"($!(&), J.A./0 !h *(! !a!#)! "%a! &)%' !& 7"'$*(5* #(*a% $"&8"a# a), () a)' 7)!,!h ?!)(7 *&)5)!(a%(!' $"&!*!(&) & !hV"#&)! *h# 9 $. , su"ra: $""7 !h*&)5)!(a%(!' & "$&"! ()&"#a!(&), Da!a4a S!a!+! -/109: a) 9h:92: 9S+$$.201/:. A**&"()8%', 7) ( ERISA *a%% &)


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*&+"! !& *&)+*! !h &"! & $%a)34'$%a)$"#$!(&) a)a%'( !ha! "$&))! +88!

() =h(*h !h 7a%((!' & !a! %a= =&+% 4)!("%' +4&"()a! !& $%a) !"#$"#$!(&)=&+% )&! 4 =a""a)! h".

*. F()a%%', "$&))! a"8+ 4%&= !ha! 4'*

$%'()8 =(!h !a!3%a= "$&"!()8 "6+("#)!, a)ERISA 5+*(a"' =&+% 7(&%a! (! !a!+!&"' +!'!& a*! &" !h ?*%+(7 $+"$& & $"&7(()8 4)5! !& $a"!(*($a)! a) !h("4)5*(a"( a) "a'()8 "a&)a4%?$) & a#()(!"()8 !h $%a), 2- U.S.C.

110/9a:91: R$. C.A. B". ;-3/0. Ia**$!, !ha! a"8+#)! )&! &)%' =&+%$"*%+ S!a! " (#$&()8 a)' "$&"!()8"6+("#)!, 4+! =&+% a%& 4a" S!a! "(#$&()8 !a? a) &!h" 8)"a%%' a$$%(*a4%&4%(8a!(&) &) ERISA $%a) !ha! "7 $+"$&&!h" !ha) $"&7(()8 4)5! a) "a'()8a#()(!"a!(7 ?$). C&)8" *&+% )&!ha7 ()!) ERISA> 5+*(a"'+!( $"&7((&)!& ha7 !ha! =$()8 $"#$!(7 *!. A)%( "$&))!> &!h" a"8+#)!, (! *a))&! 46+a" =(!h !h( C&+"!> #&" *("*+#*"(4+)"!a)()8 & ERISA $"#$!(&) &" (!*((&) +$h&%()8 !a! %a= (#$&()8&4%(8a!(&) &) ERISA $%a).

F&" !h &"8&()8 "a&), =h!h" +)" !h(

C&+"!> !a4%(h "a#=&" &" a)a%'Q()8$"#$!(&) 6+!(&) +)" S*!(&) 11//9a:, &"


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7(= !h"&+8h !h %) & &"()a"' 5% a)*&)(*! $"#$!(&), !h V"#&)! "$&"!()8

"6+("#)! a" )&! $"#$!. Th+, %(&!h" "*&"3$()8 a) "$&"!()8"6+("#)! ()*()! !& !a! !a?, =a8,$"&$"!', a) ha%!h %a=, !h V"#&)!"$&"!()8 "6+("#)! a" a#&)8 !h #'"(a!a! %a= & 8)"a% a$$%(*a4(%(!' !ha! (#$& 4+") &) !h a#()(!"a!(&) & ERISA$%a) 4+! )7"!h% & )&! "%a! !&> !h#=(!h() !h #a)()8 & !h 8&7")()8 !a!+!.De 0uoo, 20 U.S. a! 1 9*(!a!(&) a) ()!")a%6+&!a!(&) #a" (!!:.

CONCLUSION

Th @+8#)! & !h *&+"! & a$$a% h&+%4 "7".

R$*!+%%' +4#(!!.

DONALD B. VERRILLI, JR.

M. PATRICIA SMITH Solicitor *eeral

Solicitor of Labor EDWIN S. KNEEDLER

G. WILLIAM SCOTT De"ut! Solicitor *eeral Associate

Solicitor JOHN F. BASH

ELIZABETH HOPKINS Assistat to t$e Solicitor

Cousel *eeral

MELISSA MOORE

Attore!

SEPTEMBER 201

APPENDI


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1. 2- U.S.C. 1001 $"&7(


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!a4%(h#)!, &$"a!(&), a) a#()(!"a!(&) &+*h $%a) !ha! !h' +4!a)!(a%%' a*! !h

"7)+ & !h U)(!S!a! 4*a+ !h' a" a&" $"")!(a%F"a% !a?

91a:

!"a!#)! !ha! $(! !h )&"#&+ 8"&=!h ()+*h $%a) #a)' #$%&' =(!h %&)8 'a" $%&'#)! a" %&()8 a)!(*($a! "!("#)!4)5! &=()8 !& !h %a* & 7!()8 $"&7((&)() +*h $%a) !ha! &=()8 !& !h ()a6+a*' &*+"")! #()(#+# !a)a", !h &+)) a)

!a4(%(!' & $%a) =(!h "$*! !& a6+a! +)!& $a' $"( 4)5! #a' 4 )a)8"!ha! &=()8 !& !h !"#()a!(&) & $%a) 4&""6+((! +) ha7 4) a**+#+%a!,#$%&' a) !h(" 4)5*(a"( ha7 4)$"(7 & a)!(*($a! 4)5! a) !ha! (! (!h"&" ("a4% () !h ()!"! & #$%&'a) !h(" 4)5*(a"(, &" !h $"&!*!(&) & !h"7)+ & !h U)(! S!a!, a) !& $"&7( &"!h " &= & *#"*, !ha! #()(#+#!a)a" 4 $"&7( a+"()8 !h 6+(!a4%*ha"a*!" & +*h $%a) a) !h(" 5)a)*(a%&+)).

7: Pro"e2"$o! o0 $!"er(")"e 2oer2e )!/:e!e52$)r$e( :6 re&'$r$!% /$(2*o('re )!/re#or"$!%; (e""$!% (")!/)r/( o0 2o!/'2";e"2.; 0or 5/'2$)r$e(

I! ( h"4' *%a" !& 4 !h $&%(*' & !h(*ha$!" !& $"&!*! ()!"!a! *#"* a) !h


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()!"! & $a"!(*($a)! () #$%&' 4)5!$%a) a) !h(" 4)5*(a"(, 4' "6+("()8 !h

(*%&+" a) "$&"!()8 !& $a"!(*($a)! a)4)5*(a"( & 5)a)*(a% a) &!h" ()&"#a!(&)=(!h "$*! !h"!&, 4' !a4%(h()8 !a)a"& *&)+*!, "$&)(4(%(!', a) &4%(8a!(&) &"5+*(a"( & #$%&' 4)5! $%a), a) 4'$"&7(()8 &" a$$"&$"(a! "#(, a)*!(&),a) "a' a** !& !h F"a% *&+"!.

72 Pro"e2"$o! o0 $!"er(")"e 2oer2e; "heFe/er)* ")$!% #oer; )!/ :e!e52$)r$e( :6e("$!% o0 )22r'e/ :e!e5"(; (e""$!%$!$' (")!/)r/( o0 0'!/$!%; re&'$r$!%

"er$!)"$o! $!('r)!2e

I! ( h"4' +"!h" *%a" !& 4 !h $&%(*' &!h( *ha$!" !& $"&!*! ()!"!a! *#"*, !hF"a% !a?()8 $&=", a) !h ()!"! &$a"!(*($a)! () $"(7a! $)(&) $%a) a) !h("4)5*(a"( 4' (#$"&7()8 !h 6+(!a4%*ha"a*!" a) !h &+)) & +*h $%a) 4'"6+("()8 !h# !& 7! !h a**"+ 4)5! $%&' =(!h (8)(5*a)! $"(& & "7(*, !&

#! #()(#+# !a)a" & +)()8, a) 4'"6+("()8 $%a) !"#()a!(&) ()+"a)*.

2. 2- U.S.C. 100291: $"&7(


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=a %a a) (! a$$"&?(#a! 7a%+ a! +*ha!, !h 8"& ")!a% "*($! +"()8 !h

"$&"!()8 $"(&, ?$) $a( &" !h %a$"&$"!' +"()8 !h "$&"!()8 $"(&, !h )!"*($! " !h %a, !h a#&+)! ()a""a", a) a !a!#)! a !& =ha! !$ha7 4) !a) !& *&%%*! a#&+)! + &"&!h"=( "#' !h a+%!

(G) ( &" a%% & !h a! & a $%a) &"$%a) a" h% () a *#&) &" *&%%*!(7 !"+!#a()!a() 4' a 4a) &" (#(%a" ()!(!+!(&) &"() a $a"a! a**&+)! #a()!a() 4' a)()+"a)* *a""(" &" a $a"a! !"+!

#a()!a() 4' a 4a) a !"+!, !h "$&"!ha%% ()*%+ !h #&! "*)! a))+a%!a!#)! & a! a) %(a4(%(!( & +*h*#&) &" *&%%*!(7 !"+!, a) () !h *a &a $a"a! a**&+)! &" a $a"a! !"+!, +*h&!h" ()&"#a!(&) a ( "6+(" 4' !ha#()(!"a!&" () &"" !& *$%' =(!h !h(+4*!(&) a)

(H) a *h+% & a*h "$&"!a4% !"a)a*!(&),!h )a# & a*h $a"!' !& !h !"a)a*!(&)9?*$! !ha!, () !h *a & a) a*6+((!(&) &"

a% & a *+"(!' &) !h #a"!, !h "$&"!) )&! ()!(' !h $"&) " =h !h*+"(!' =a a*6+(" &" !& =h (! =a &%:a) a *"($!(&) & a*h a! !& =h(*h !h!"a)a*!(&) a$$%( !h $+"*ha &" %%()8$"(* () *a & a a% &" $+"*ha, !h ")!a%() *a & a %a, &" !h ()!"! "a! a)#a!+"(!' a! () *a & a %&a) ?$)()*+"" () *&))*!(&) =(!h !h !"a)a*!(&)


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!h *&! & !h a!, !h *+"")! 7a%+ & !ha!, a) !h )! 8a() 9&" %&: &) a*h

!"a)a*!(&). F&" $+"$& & !h $"*()8)!)*, !h !"# "$&"!a4% !"a)a*!(&)#a) a !"a)a*!(&) !& =h(*h !h $%a) ( a$a"!' ( +*h !"a)a*!(&) (

(i) a !"a)a*!(&) ()7&%7()8 a) a#&+)! ()?* & ; $"*)! & !h *+"")! 7a%+ &!h a! & !h $%a)

(ii) a)' !"a)a*!(&) 9&!h" !ha) a!"a)a*!(&) "$*!()8 a *+"(!': =h(*h ($a"! & a "( & !"a)a*!(&) =(!h &" ()*&)@+)*!(&) =(!h a $"&) () a $%a) 'a", (

!h a88"8a! a#&+)! & +*h !"a)a*!(&)?* ; $"*)! & !h *+"")! 7a%+ &!h a! & !h $%a)

(iii) a !"a)a*!(&) =h(*h ( $a"! & a"( & !"a)a*!(&) "$*!()8 &) &"#&" *+"(!( & !h a# (+", ( !ha88"8a! a#&+)! & +*h !"a)a*!(&) ()!h $%a) 'a" ?* ; $"*)! & !h*+"")! 7a%+ & !h a! & !h $%a) &"

(iv) a !"a)a*!(&) =(!h &" () *&)@+)*!(&)

=(!h a $"&) "$*!()8 a *+"(!', ( a)'&!h" !"a)a*!(&) =(!h &" () *&)@+)*!(&)=(!h +*h $"&) () !h $%a) 'a""$*!()8 a *+"(!' ( "6+(" !& 4"$&"! 4' "a&) & *%a+ 9(:.

(4) Th S*"!a"' #a', 4' "8+%a!(&), "%(7a)' $%a) " 5%()8 a *&$' & a !a!#)! &a! a) %(a4(%(!( 9&" &!h" ()&"#a!(&):


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*"(4 () $a"a8"a$h 9;:9G: ( +*h !a!#)!a) &!h" ()&"#a!(&) ( 5% =(!h !h S*"!a"'

4' !h 4a) &" ()+"a)* *a""(" =h(*h #a()!a()!h *#&) &" *&%%*!(7 !"+! &" $a"a!a**&+)!.

72 I!0or)"$o! "o :e 0'r!$(he/ :6

)/$!$("r)"or

Th a#()(!"a!&" ha%% +")(h a a $a"! & a"$&"! +)" !h( *!(&) !h &%%&=()8()&"#a!(&) Me/$2)* 2)re

Th !"# #(*a% *a" #a) a#&+)!$a( &"

(A) !h (a8)&(, *+", #(!(8a!(&),!"a!#)!, &" $"7)!(&) & (a, &"a#&+)! $a( &" !h $+"$& & a*!()8a)' !"+*!+" &" +)*!(&) & !h 4&',

(B) a#&+)! $a( &" !"a)$&"!a!(&)$"(#a"(%' &" a) )!(a% !& #(*a% *a"""" !& () +4$a"a8"a$h 9A:, a)

(C) a#&+)! $a( &" ()+"a)* *&7"()8#(*a% *a" """ !& () +4$a"a8"a$h9A: a) 9B:.

7: De5!$"$o!( re*)"$!% "o he)*"h $!('r)!2e


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F&" $+"$& & !h( $a"!

71

He)*"h $!('r)!2e 2oer)%e

Th !"# ha%!h ()+"a)* *&7"a8 #a)4)5! *&)(!()8 & #(*a% *a" 9$"&7(("*!%', !h"&+8h ()+"a)* &" "(#4+"#)!,&" &!h"=( a) ()*%+()8 (!# a) "7(*$a( &" a #(*a% *a": +)" a)' h&$(!a%&" #(*a% "7(* $&%(*' &" *"!(5*a!,h&$(!a% &" #(*a% "7(* $%a) *&)!"a*!, &"ha%!h #a()!)a)* &"8a)(Qa!(&) *&)!"a*!&" 4' a ha%!h ()+"a)* (+".

7> He)*"h $!('r)!2e $(('er

Th !"# ha%!h ()+"a)* (+" #a) a)()+"a)* *$a)', ()+"a)* "7(*, &"()+"a)* &"8a)(Qa!(&) 9()*%+()8 a ha%!h#a()!)a)* &"8a)(Qa!(&), a 5) ()$a"a8"a$h 9;:: =h(*h ( %(*) !& )8a8 ()!h 4+() & ()+"a)* () a S!a! a)=h(*h ( +4@*! !& S!a! %a= =h(*h "8+%a!()+"a)* 9=(!h() !h #a)()8 & *!(&)11//94:92: & !h( !(!%:. S+*h !"# & )&!

()*%+ a 8"&+$ ha%!h $%a).

1;. /2 U.S.C. ;008831a $"&7(


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