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“Enzyme” music video http://casesblog.blogspot.com/2009/04/music-video-enzyme-what-are-you-doing.html. Goal 2.04: Enzymes “Helper” Protein molecules. +. +. Recall?. Processes of life making molecules synthesis breaking down molecules digestion. ?. ?. enzyme. +. enzyme. +. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Goal 2.04: Enzymes
“Helper” Protein molecules
“Enzyme” music videohttp://casesblog.blogspot.com/2009/04/music-video-enzyme-what-are-you-doing.html
Recall? Processes of life
making molecules synthesis
breaking down molecules digestion
+
+
?
?
Nothing works without enzymes! How important are enzymes?
ALL chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work building molecules
synthesis enzymes
breaking down moleculesdigestive enzymes
enzymes speed up reactions “catalysts”
+
+
enzyme
enzyme
?
?
How Do Enzymes Work?EN
ERG
Y
TIME
ACTIVATION ENERGY = energy required to cause the reaction to occur.
ENER
GY
TIME
ACTIVATION ENERGY = energy required to cause the reaction to occur.
Enzymes reduce the activation energy!Enzymes reduce the activation energy!?
Enzymes are PROTEINS! Each enzyme is the specific helper to
a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape
for the job enzymes are named for the reaction
they help sucrase breaks down sucrose proteases breakdown proteins lipases breakdown lipids DNA polymerase builds DNA
I get it!They end
in -ase
SPECIFICITY!
Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
used only temporarily re-used again for the same reaction with
other molecules very little enzyme needed to help in many
reactions
How enzymes work:http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/
sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/
animation__how_enzymes_work.html
Enzyme = reusable protein that can make or break molecules
Substrate = substance to be changed
Products = substances produced
Active Site = location on enzyme where substrate fits
Is this a digestive or synthesizing enzyme?Is this a digestive or
synthesizing enzyme?
Enzyme-Substrate Complex = enzyme and molecules temporarily joined
It’s shape that matters! Lock & Key model
shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit
specific enzyme for each specific reaction
Enzyme
Substrate
1
2
3
Lactose Intolerant? You need some LACTASE!
Lactose = sugar found in milk Lactase = enzyme that breaks down lactose.
QuickLab: Building an enzyme model.
Prep VL1 and Do Virtual Lab 1 (potato only):Catalase Action by Living Tissue
What Affects Catalase Activity?http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol114/enzyme/enzyme2.asp
Regulation of Enzymes Correct protein structure
correct order of amino acids why? enzyme has to be right shape
Temperature why? enzyme has to be right shape
pH (acids & bases) why? enzyme has to be right shape
?
?
?
Effect on rates of enzyme activityEnzyme Concentration
increase the amount of enzyme = increases how fast the reaction happens more enzymes = more frequently they collide
with substrate
?
Enzyme concentration
amount of enzyme
reac
tio
n r
ate
As concentration increases…
Re
act
ion
s in
crea
se…
Why does the reaction rate level off?
Enzyme action uses up substrate!
Substrate Concentration Effect on rates of enzyme activity
as increase amount of substrate = increases how fast the reaction happens
more substrate = more frequently they collide with enzyme
?
Substrate concentration
amount of substrate
reac
tio
n r
ate
As concentration increases…
Re
act
ion
s in
crea
se…
Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity
Optimum temperature greatest number of collisions between
enzyme & substrate human enzymes =
35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) Too HOT!
denature protein = unfold = lose shape Too COLD!
molecules move s l o w e r decrease collisions
?
Optimum Temperature
Enzyme Activity
Tem
per
atu
re
37oC (98.6oF)
What is the optimum temperature for this enzyme?Explain what is happening?
Effect on rates of enzyme activity pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8
depends on where in body pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8
buffers adjust pH to keep it normal
pH Affects Enzymes!
?
?
7
pH
pH
reac
tio
n r
ate
20 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
stomachpepsin
intestinestrypsin
11 12 13 14
For enzymes…What matters?
SHAPE!
Enzymeshttp://www.phschool.com/
science/biology_place/labbench/lab2/concepts.html
www.andysmithart.com
Any
Que
stio
ns?
Assignment:Coach Book L11Study Island Lesson 3c
Cap
tain
En
zym
e!