Goal 12 Part 1

Nixon / Ford / Carter

Nixon Administration(1968-1974) “Law & Order” politics

- return America into a more “ordered” country

- stop all of the student protests / etc.

- to do this = sometimes illegal action took place (wire taps)

Nixon and New Federalism

(YOU NEED TO KNOW THESE) New Federalism:*downsizing the power and

strength of the federal government take the power out of the federal government

and give it to the state and local governments Revenue Sharing Bill: (giving more financial

freedom to local governments) state and local government can spend it

anyway they want to (within reason)

Controversy over “Busing”

********************************************************

Swann Vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)

- integration of schools through “BUSING”- Busses can drive students to other schools to end “patterns” of all white or all A.A. schools- RE-ENFORCING THE BROWN DECISION

*Nixon HATES the Warren Court(Conservative) (LIBERAL)

Stagflation / Bad Economy / OPEC & Yom Kippur War Stagflation – high inflation and high unemployment (1967-1973 = War ? Coincidence???) Deficit Spending will pay for it (just like New Deal) Problem: U.S. depends on foreign oil TOO MUCH!!!!! (MIDDLE EAST)

****OPEC**** – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries\ - Oil Cartel (organization)

1960s – this organization gradually raised oil prices 1973 - Yom Kippur War broke out (Egypt ATTACKS Israel) America supports Israel – upsets other Arab countries and cuts

off oil supplies to America through OPEC OPEC in 1974 (quadrupled prices for U.S.) – hurt inflation even

more!!!

Nixon’s Foreign Policy

More flexible approach to Containment

(Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ)

DÉTENTE (Nixon’s foreign policy)

PURPOSE:

EASE COLD WAR TENSIONS between

the two superpowers

(still anti-communist)

*First president to believe in

détente

Nixon visits China and Soviet Union Nixon visits China THEN Soviet Union****SALT I Treaty**** - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks signed in 1972 between the U.S. and S.U. (NIXON) Example of Détente

Watergate ScandalWATERGATE SCANDAL:

- Nixon and helpers “SECRETLY” taped the Democrats by breaking into the Democratic Headquarters

Result: NIXON & his VP Spiro Agnew RESIGNED!1974 – 1,300 pages of“edited” transcripts - Investigators wanted the“Unedited” transcripts - Supreme Court “ORDERS”Nixon to release the unedited tapes “I am not a crook”

Effects / Results of Watergate “Executive Privileges” DO NOT EXIST American cynicism / skepticism against the

federal government Nixon’s resignation Ford’s Presidency

Gerald Ford (3 Things)(1974 – 1976) Appointed president AFTER Nixon (ONLY President that WAS NOT elected!)(1) ***** Ford’s “PARDON” of Nixon ***** - pardon on ALL charges brought up on Nixon!(2) ***** Whip Inflation Now = W.I.N.*****- Asked Americans to “Cut back” on the use of oil and gas- UNSUCCESSFUL(3) **** Helsinki Accords (1975) ****

- 35 countries, including the U.S., sign this to promote greater cooperation between Western and

Eastern Europe (satellite nations)

Jimmy Carter (1976 -1980)

“I will never tell a lie to the American people”DOMESTIC AGENDA: ENERGY!!

National Energy Act – placed a tax on gas guzzling cars and urged American oil industries to find alternative sources of energy

Effect: slightly reduced our dependence on foreign oil**********Not Reelected in 1980 because of the Iran

Hostage Crisis*******************

Carter and Civil Rights

Regents of University of California V. Bakke (1978)

- AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS are legal *race and gender can be a factor but(no quotas)

What is Affirmative Action?

Side Effect??? ________________

Three Mile Island

March, 1979, Nuclear reactor outside of Philadelphia melted down causing radiation

leaks! (NUCLEAR ENERGY)* Worst

NUCLEAR disaster in U.S. History

RESULT:

INCREASED “REGULATION” ON THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

Nuclear Regulatory Act

Camp David Accords (1978)(BIGGEST ACCOMPLISHMENT) Peace talks with Egypt (Anwar el-Sadat) and

Israel (Menechem Begin) and Carter Remember Yom Kippur War (Israel v. Egypt) Jimmy Carter – a way to ease confrontation

in the between Egypt and Israel *First time Israel

is going to be recognized

by Egypt

SALT II Treaty (CARTER)

Signed by Carter and Soviet Union Soviet Union “INVADES” Afghanistan U.S. Senate NEVER ratifies it

Remember:SALT I Treaty = NIXON (Successful)

SALT II Treaty = CARTER (Failure)

Iran Hostage Crisis (1979)

Iranian revolution led by citizens 52 American hostages were taken Hostage crisis led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini(Iranian revolutionary)*Carter supported the Iranian Government…not the rev.) Ronald Reagan (elected in 1980) helped release the hostages in 1981!*The IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS caused Carter to notget reelected

NIXON FORD CARTERNixon (1968-1974)

(1) Law and Order(2) New Federalism & Revenue Sharing(3) Détente(4) Stagflation(5) OPEC / Yom Kippur War(6) SALT I Treaty(7) Watergate (executive privilege)

Ford (1974-1976)(1) Pardon of Nixon(2) Whip Inflation Now (WIN)(3) Helsinki Accords

Carter (1976-1980)(1) Energy(2) Camp David Accords(3) Iran Hostage Crisis