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Fungus Picture Notes

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Concept Map

are divided into the phyla

includesincludesincludesincludes

Section 21-2

Fungi

Common molds

Imperfect fungi

Sac fungiClub fungi

AscomycotaZygomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

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E

A

C

B

D

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Rhizoid: rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an objectSporangium: structure that contains spores

Sporangiophore: specialized hyphae where sporangia are found

Spores: haploid reproductive cell

Stolon: a stem like hypha that runs along the surface of an object

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FERTILIZATION

Diploid

Haploid

MEIOSIS

Sexual ReproductionAsexual

Reproduction

Zygospore (2N)

Spores (N)

Sporangium

Zygospore (2N)

+ Mating type (N)Stolons

Rhizoids

- Mating type (N)Spores (N)

Sporangiophore

Sporangium

Gametangia

Section 21-2

Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus

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Sac Fungi- Yeast

bud

cell wall

cytoplasm

nucleus

vacuole

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Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) Structures

Bud: reproductive product after yeast cells undergo budding

Cell Wall: protective structure surrounding yeast cell

Cytoplasm: liquid material that transport substances within the yeast cell

Nucleus: control center of yeast cell that holds genetic information

Vacuole: storage site for yeast cell

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FERTILIZATION

MEIOSIS

HYPHAE FUSE

Fruiting body (N + N)

Button

Secondary mycelium (N + N)

Primary mycelium (N)

+ Mating type (N)

- Mating type (N)

Basidiospores (N)

Zygote (2N)

Basidia (N + N)

Gills lined with basidia

Gills

Stalk

Base

Cap

Haploid

Diploid

Section 21-2

Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a Basidiomycete

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cap

gills

basidium

rhizoids

stipe

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Basidium: spore-bearing structure of a basidiomycete

Cap: top section of the fruiting body

Gills: downward like projection structures that hold the basidium

Rhizoids: a root like hypha that penetrates the surface of an object

Stipe: base of the fruiting body

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Mycelium

Fruiting body

Hyphae

Section 21-1

Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom

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Fruiting body:reproductive structure of fungus that develops from a mycelium

Hyphae: tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or a water mold

Mycelium: many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass

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Hyphae Without Cross Walls

Nuclei

Cell wall

Nuclei

Cytoplasm

Cross wall

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Hyphae With Cross Walls

Section 21-1

Hyphae Structure

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FERTILIZATION

MEIOSIS

HYPHAE FUSE

Diploid

Haploid

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Section 21-2

Figure 21-7 The Life Cycle of an Ascomycete

Hypha (N)

Hypha (N)

Conidiophore

Conidia (N)

+ Mating type (N)

- Mating type (N)

8 Ascospores (N)

Ascus

Zygote (2N)

Ascus (N + N)

Fruiting body (N + N)Hyphae (N + N)

GametangiaAsci

Hyphae (N)

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1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.

2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.

3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.

Section 21-3

Interest Grabber continued

Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.

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21–3 Ecology of FungiA. All Fungi Are Heterotrophs

B. Fungi as Decomposers

C. Fungi as Parasites

1. Plant Diseases

2. Human Diseases

3. Other Animal Diseases

D. Symbiotic Relationships

1. Lichens

2. Mycorrhizae

Section 21-3

Section Outline

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Video

Fungi

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Densely packed hyphae

Layer of algae/ cyanobacteria

Loosely packed hyphae

Densely packed hyphae

Section 21-3

Lichen Structure

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Go Online

Interactive test

Articles on fungi

For links on fungi go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-6211.

For links on asexual reproduction, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-6212.

Interest Grabber Answers

1. What are some things that you know about mushrooms?

Possible answers: Mushrooms grow from the soil in dark, damp places. They are eaten by animals, including people. They are soft.

2. Would you classify mushrooms as an animal, a plant, or something else? Give reasons for your answer.

Students will likely say that mushrooms should be classified as something other than plants or animals. Possible reasons: Mushrooms grow in soil, as plants do, but they aren’t green. Mushrooms aren’t animals because they don’t move from place to place as animals do.

Interest Grabber Answers

1. List as many examples of fungi that you can.

Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew, truffles

2. How are fungi helpful to humans?

They are sources of food and are used in making bread, wine, and medicines.

3. How are fungi harmful to humans?

Some are poisonous and can cause illness or death.

Interest Grabber Answers

Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.

1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.

Organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species

2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.

Parasites

3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.

Decomposers

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