GMPLS: IP-Centric Control Protocols for Optical Networks

Yaohui JinState Key Lab of Advanced Optical Comm. System & Network

Network & Information Centerhttp://front.sjtu.edu.cn/~jinyh

Outline

Part 1: Introduction• Network trends• Distributed control plane components• Standardization

Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture

• Evolution of standard• GMPLS mechanisms

Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming to us!• IETF GMPLS implementation survey• OIF Interoperability demonstration• ASON/GMPLS in China

Part 5: Conclusion

Part 1: Introduction

Data/Transport Plane

Network Trends

Current world

ATMIP Service Layer

SDHOptical

Transport Layer

Traffic interfacesCORBA/TMN

SNMP

ManagementPlane

Centralized

Give me more bandwidth!

Give me more flexibility!

Network Trends

Why we need ASON?

ATMIP Service Layer

SDHOptical

Transport Layer

Traffic interfaces

ManagementPlane

Data/Transport Plane

Control Plane

Discovery Routing Signaling …

Distributed

Provide automatically switching for optical/transport networks by reusing ubiquitous IP protocols with extensions.

Benefits of ASON

Save on OPEXIn many of today's networks, highly specialized technicians often have to spend days calculating and implementing connectivity changes. ASON performs capacity assessment, path computation and provisioning rapidly.

Provide differential service levelsBased on data and optical protection levels that range from best effort to fully protected with high availability.

Create new servicesSet up and tear down connections in minutes for concert webcasts, high speed data backup, employee training sessions and so on, generating new service revenues by as much as 10 percent.

Postpone CAPEX investmentCross-layer traffic engineering, dynamic routing and meshed restoration in the optical network improves network throughput by as much as 30 percent, allowing you to put off investments in additional capacity.

Distributed Control Plane Components

1. Discovery– Protocol running between the

adjacent nodes.– Am I connected to right neighbor?– Who is my neighbor?– What’s the type of service between

neighbor and me?

1. Discovery

2. Routing– Link state information flooding– Identical topology database in every

node

Distributed Control Plane Components

1. Discovery

2. Routing

3. Path Calculation– At source node– Constraint based routing algorithm– Output: an explicit route from A to ZA

Z

Distributed Control Plane Components

1. Discovery

2. Routing

3. Path Calculation

4. Signaling– Hop by hop– Along the expected route

AZ

Distributed Control Plane Components

1. Discovery

2. Routing

3. Path Calculation

4. SignalingA

Z

Except step 3, the others are protocol procedures. To internetwork equipments from different vendors, the protocols have to be standardized

Distributed Control Plane Components

Standardization

Transport Plane

Control Plane

Management Plane TMN SNMP

GMPLSASON/ASTN

RequirementArchitectureInterfaces…

Architecture, Protocols (IP-based) SONET/SDH Ext.G.709 Ext.Recovery…

UNI 1.0ENNI 1.0…

SDHOTN

SDHOTN…

ATMEthernet…

Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework

ITU-T Status

Protocols

Detailed Requirements

High LevelRequirements

ArchitectureG.8080ASON

G.8080ASON

G.807ASTN

G.807ASTN

G.7713DCM

G.7713DCM

G.7714Disc.

G.7714Disc.

G.7715RoutingG.7715Routing

G.7716Ctrl. Pl.G.7716Ctrl. Pl.

G.7717CAC

G.7717CAC

G.7713.1O-PNNI

G.7713.1O-PNNI

G.7713.2RSVP-TE

G.7713.2RSVP-TE

G.7713.3CR-LDP

G.7713.3CR-LDP

G.7714.1Disc.

G.7714.1Disc.

G.7712DCN

G.7712DCN

G.7715.1Routing

G.7715.1Routing

ASON Architecture

NE: Network ElementPI: Physical InterfaceIrDI: Intra Domain Interface

CC: Connection ControllerCCI: Connection Controller InterfaceUNI: User Network InterfaceI-NNI: Internal Network-Network InterfaceE-NNI: External Network-Network Interface

NMS: Network Management SystemNMI: Network Management Interface

NE NENEClientse.g. IP,

ATM, TDM

CCCC CC

CCI

I-NNI

UNIcontrol

User signaling E-NNI

IrDI

CCASON control plane

Transport Plane

UNIData

NMSNMI-A

NMI-T

PI

3 Types of Connections

Permanent: set up from the management system with network management protocols

Soft Permanent: set up from the management system which uses network generated signaling and routing protocols to establish connections

Switched: set up by the customer on demand by means of signaling and routing protocols

NE NENEClientse.g. IP,

ATM, TDM

CCCC CC

CCI

I-NNI

UNIcontrol

User signaling E-NNI

IrDI

CCASON control plane

Transport Plane

UNIData

NMSNMI-A

NMI-T

PI

Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture

IETF: Evolution of Standard

• Step 1. MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching• Step 2. MPLS-TE: Traffic Engineering• Step 3. MPlS: Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching

– MPLS control applied on optical channels (wavelengths /lambda’s) and first “optical” IGP TE extensions

– New Protocol introduction for Link Management (LMP)

• Step 4. GMPLS: Generalized MPLS– MPLS control applied on layer2 (ATM/FR/Ethernet), TDM

circuits (SDH/Sonet) and Optical channel (wave/fibre)– IGP TE extensions including OSPF & IS-IS

• Step 5. GMPLS: More Extensions– LMP extended to “passive devices” via LMP-WDM– GMPLS covers G.707 SDH, G.709 OTN…– Graceful/hitless restart mechanisms (signalling & routing) – GMPLS-based Recovery

IETF 46-48 (1999)

IETF48-49(2000)

IETF50-51(2001)

IETF52-55+(2002-)

What is MPLS?

Turns an ATM switch into a router

Turns an IP router into an ATM switch

Put IP routing protocols on devices that are not IP routers

Different way to forward packets through a router

Label is local unique, while IP address is global unique

LSD

FIB

LSD

FIB

LSD

FIB

RoutingProtocol Messages

RoutingProtocol Messages

LabeledPackets

LabeledPackets

LSR A LSR CLSR B

LIB LIB LIB

labels labels

LSD: Link State Database, FIB: Forwarding Information TableLIB: Label Information Table, LSR: Label Switching Router

Traffic Engineering with MPLS

Constraint Based Routing extensions to IS-IS or OSPF Explicitly routed MPLS path Controlled from ingress using RSVP-TE or CR-LDP Label Switched Path (LSP) tunnels are uni-directional pt-pt

connections Packets no longer need to flow over the shortest path

IngressLSR

EgressLSR

User defined LSP constraints

Constraint-based routing

Reduces the level of manual configurationInput to CSPF

• Path performance constraints• Resource availability• Topology information

Output• Explicit route for MPLS signaling

Extended IGP

RSVP Signaling

Explicit Route

UserConstraints

Routing TableTraffic Engineering

Database (TED)Constrained Shortest

Path First (CSPF)

GMPLS Controller

l1, 2ll1, 2l1 1

DeMux Mux

l1, 2ll1, 2l

3 x 3

l1

3 x 3

2l

3 3

l1, 2l2 2

l1, 2l

IF in Label in IF out Label out

2 2 5 5 6 6 4 4 8 4 7 9

mapping

1 1

33

2 2

IF in Label in IF out Label out

9 2 4 7 3 6 8 9 3 4 7 9

MPLS Controller

Label Space FEC, Label processing at both control and transport planes

Label Read Label Write

mapping

Label Switched Router Optical Cross-Connect

PacketSwitching

Matrix

Optical ChannelMatrix

CommonControl Plane

MPLS Can Be Re-Used in OpticalGeneralized Label Space Wavelength

Identifier Space, Label processing at control plane only

GMPLS Mechanisms

Link Management Protocol (LMP) Routing Extensions Signaling extensions Link bundling Forwarding adjacency LSP hierarchy

New protocol

Reuse IP MPLS

Scalability

Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming!

IETF GMPLS implementation survey

Company Type SignalingProtocol

SDH/SONETExtensions

SoftwareGenealogy

SwitchingCapability

LabelType

Status Availability

Accelight Equip. R Yes External P T L M G S Beta -

Agilent Tester R Yes Internal P T L F M G W S Product On sale

Alcatel Equip R Yes External T L F G W S Beta On sale

Calient Equip. R Ext + TE L F G Beta On sale

Ciena Code R Yes External T S Alpha Internal

Data Connection Code R Yes Ext + GMPLS P T L F M G W S Product On sale

Equipe Equip. R Yes Internal P T G S Alpha internal

First Wave Code R + L Internal L F G W Alpha Internal

HCL Techno. Code R Yes ISI+TE,GMPLS T G S Develop -

Intel Equip. R Yes Internal P T M G S Develop -

Japan Telecom Code R Internal - G Develop Internal

Juniper Equip. R Yes Internal P M G S Beta Field trial

Lumentis Equip. R Ext+GMPLS L G Develop Internal

Marconi Equip. R Yes Internal T L F G W S - On sale

Movaz Equip. R Yes LabN+GMPLS L G S Product On sale

NEC Equip R Yes External T S Product On sale

NetPlane Code R Yes Internal P T L F M G W S Product On sale

NTT Equip. R External P L M G W Develop Internal

Nortel Code L Yes - - M G W S - -

Polaris Equip R Yes External T S Develop Internal

Tellium Equip. R Yes External T L F G S Alpha Internal

Tropic Equip. R External P L F M G W Develop Internal

Wipro Code R + L Yes Internal P T M G S - On sale

Anonymous 2 - R External L G Develop Internal

24 Equip: 14Code: 8

R:23 L:3

17 Internal: 9External: 14

P: 10, T: 14, L: 14, F: 9

M: 10, G:21, W: 9, S: 17

P: 4, A: 4, B: 3, D: 7

On sale: 8

P=PSC, T=TDM, L=LSC, F=FSCM=MPLS label, G=generalized label, W=waveband label, S=SDH/SONET label Source: IETF CCAMP working Group

OIF Interoperability demonstrations

UNI 1.0 demo at SuperComm 2001 • User Network Interface (UNI) 1.0 signaling

specification• Proofed UNI interworking with over 25 vendors on

control plane and data plane

ENNI 1.0 demo at OFC 2003• Inter domain signaling• Inter domain OSPF/ISIS based routing• UNI and SPC initiated connection setup and removal

across multi domains over control plane• Participated by over 12 vendors

ASON/GMPLS in China

Some government funds• National High Technology Research and Development

Program ( “863” PROGRAM), launched in March 1986.• National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)• Some local government programs, such as Shanghai Optical

Science and Technology Program (SOST)

“863” focuses on practical issues that are more related to the information industry and economy in China.

NSFC encourages basic research and investigation on breakthrough technologies.

1Q.1999-3Q.2001 3Q.2001-2002 2Q.2003-2004

“CAINONet”Based on IP/OTN

ASON testbed& GMPLS

In Tsinghua U &Shanghai JiaoTong U

ASTN equipmentsIn China

2005

3TNetIn Yangtse R Delta

ASON scalability

IP/O

TN

AS

ON

AS

TN

Field trial

Four R&D Phases in 863

Preliminary ASON Testbeds (01-03)

Goals: to make breakthrough in the ASON and GMPLS key technologies.

Two groups led by Universities:• Group in Beijing: Tsinghua Univ., Beijing Univ. of

P&T, Peking Univ.;• Group in Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.,

Alcatel Shanghai BELL, Shanghai Optical Networking Inc..

Two different ASON testbeds• in Beijing• in Shanghai

ASON in SJTU

ASON Scalability Experiment (03-04)

Goals:• Partition of layers and domains• Topology abstraction• Information exchange between layers• Fast convergence of network topology• End-to-end restoration

Scalability• Totally at least 200 emulated nodes• 4 layers• 10 domains in a single layer• 50 nodes in a single domain

ASTN equipments and Trial (03-04)

Equipments project’s goal: 12 ASTN nodes; Equipment R&D project participants:

• ZTE with BUPT, WRI(Fiberhome) with SJTU, Huawei Tech. ASTN trial working group:

• Carriers: Beijing R&D Center of China Telecom, Shanghai Telecom;

• Research Institutes: Research Institute of Transmission Technol (RITT), Shanghai Telecom Technol Research Institute;

• Equipment Vendors: ZTE, WRI(Fiberhome), Huawei, Datang• Universities: SJTU, THU, BUPT, EUSTC, PKU

Working Group Tasks:• To contribute documents, drafts and standards• To define trial topology and application models• To setup an interoperability lab with third-party test tools• To test and evaluate the developed ASTN equipments• To carry out ASTN network trials in labs and in field

OIF 2005 Interworking Demo

Beijing, China

Berlin, Germany

Musashino, Japan

Lannion, France

Middletown,

NJ-USA

Waltham, MA-

USA

Torino, Italy

What is 3TNet ?

Enabling technologies: • To make breakthrough the Tbps DWDM, Tbps

ASTN, Tbps IPv4/v6 Routers, and application environment and supporting platforms.

Network: • To build a broadband information network in Yangtse

River Delta jointly with the regional carriers and governments.

Practical Application: • To develop new types of services and value-added

services, support Internet DTV/HDTV and interactive multimedia.

Part 5: Conclusion

GMPLS re-uses MPLS-TE concepts for the definition of distributed control plane protocols applicable to non-packet or “optical” oriented networks. It is composed of 3 main components: LMP, OSPF-TE/IS-IS, RSVP-TE/CR-LDP.

Forward adjacency, LSP hierarchy and bundling create sufficient scalability and flexibility for common network operations.

Hitless restart and GMPLS-based recovery provide resiliency for control plane and reliability for transport plane respectively.

GMPLS vs. ASON. GMPLS suite today is a Subset of ASON in the sense that it specifically addresses the I-NNI interface at control plane level, GMPLS suite is a Superset of ASON as it considers explicitly data and transport networks at control plane level. ASON is a Network Architecture, while GMPLS is a Protocol Architecture.

Thanks for Your Attention!

GMPLS is not the future, … it is the present!

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