1031. -b +- sq. rt(b^2 - 4ac) / 2a Quadratic formula

672. "Either/Or" At least one of the two, possibly both - a conditional relationship is at the heart of this construction.

1066. (# of favorable outcomes) /(# of possible outcomes)

Simple probability

1063. (amount of change) /(original amount)

Percent increase = ?

803. (As an adolescent/ while inadolescence) , John sufferedfrom tonsillites

As an adolescent/ a teenager/ a child

1055. (n-1)! Circular permutation: The number of ways to arrange n distinct objects along a fixed circle is?

1041. (sum of bases)(height) / 2 Formula for area of a Trapezoid

1077. (total A) / (total B) Average Rate:Average A per B

1078. (total distance) / (total time) Average Rate:Average speed

1035. (x-n(n)y-n) Set Problems formula

887. ** Don't expend too mucheffort (at/ on) this document

expend on - spend on

881. ** The sculpture wasestimated (to be/ at) worthmuch more than the baseprice.

estimated to be

664. ****Important**** Stimuli containing causal reasoning are often followed by strengthen, weaken, assumption, or flawin the reasoning questions.

673. **Important Note** Whenever you take a contrapositive of a statement with multiple terms in the sufficient or thenecessary condition, "and" turns into "or," and "or" turns into "and"

720. **Important** if a stimulus contains a paradox where two items are similar, then an answer that explains adifference between the two cannot be correct. Similarily if a stimulus contains a paradox where twoitems are different, then an answer that explains a similarity cannot be correct.

902. **John is contrasting hisworking style with that ofJacob

'contrast with' - contrast is used as verb; denotes the actual act of contrasting two things

901. **John's working style is acontrast to Jacob's

'a contrast to' - contrast is used as noun; mainly used to show the dissimilarities between two things

900. **My problem is identical(with /to) yours

identical with

1009. A = P(1 + r) ^n Simple Interest Formula (remember this is the total amount of money in the bank after the interest isearned)

1106. =7^3 343

1042. | A union B| = |A| + |B| - |Aintersect B|

Intersecting Sets

1061. $11, 025 If $10,000 is invested at 10% annual interest, compounded semi-annually, what is the balance after1 year?

1045. 0.15n + 0.08(5) = 0.1(n+5) How many liters of a solution that is 15% salt must be added to 5 liters of a solution that is 8% saltso that the resulting mixture is 10% salt?

1104. 0/1 = 0 (any fraction with 0 on top is 0)

GMATStudy online at quizlet.com/_hl1wb

1071. 1 0! = ?

1090. 1 - P(E) Combined Events:Not E = P(not E) = ?

1094. 1. A and B < A or B2. A or B > Individual probabilities of A, B3. P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) <-- "fewer options"4. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) <-- "more options"

Probability of multiple events rules.

1069. 1. Find total number of possible outcomes.2. Find the number of desired outcomes.

Multiple event probability

1059. 1. Start by writing each number as a product ofprimes.2. Write so that each new prime factor begins in thesame place.3. Lowest common multiple is found by multiplyingall factors in either list.

Lowest Common Multiple60: 2 x 2 x 3 x 572: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3LCM: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5

1040. 1. Start by writing each number as product ofprimes.2. Write so that each new prime factor begins in thesame place. 3. Greatest Common Factor is found by multiplyingall factors appearing in BOTH lists

Prime Factorization to find Greatest Common Factor

1033. 1.4 sq. rt(2)

1034. 1.7 sq. rt(3)

648. 1) Assuming a causal relationship on the basis ofthe sequence of events. 2) Assumes that there is acausal relationship when only a temporalrelationship exists. 3) Failure to consider analternate cause of the effect, or an alternate causefor both the cause and effect. 4) Failure to considerthat the events might be reversed.

Mistaken Cause and Effect

650. 1) Lack of Evidence is taken to mean that theposition taken is false. 2) Lack of Evidence againstthe position is taken to mean the position is true. 3)Some evidence against the position is taken toproove the position is false. 4) Some evidence thatsupports the position is taken to mean that theposition is true.

Errors in the use of Evidence

1060. 1/16 (1/4)^2

1086. 2 steps In general, medium questions require how many steps to solve?

782. 3 Quirks of Assumption Answer Choices 1) watch for answers starting with the phrases "at least one," or "at leastsome." A large majority of the time these are the correct choice, 2) avoidanswers that claim an idea was the most important consideration for theauthor - use phrases such as "the primary purpose," "the top priority," or"the main factor." and 3) watch for the use of "not" or negatives inassumption answer choices - always check these, they could be defenderanswer choices phrased to thrown you off

1029. 3-4-5, 5-12-13, 9-12-15 Three triangle length patterns

1020. 3, 6, 9, 12 Multiples of 3

1105. 4/0 = Undefined

1075. 4/3 TT r ^3 Volume of a sphere

1010. 12.5% 1/8 = what %

1048. 12^3 3^3 x 4^3 = ?

1070. 14 liters How many liters of a solution that is 10% alcohol by volume must be added to 2 liters of a solution that is 50% alcoholby volume to create a solution that is 15% alcohol by volume?

1011. 16.6% 1/6 = what %

1076. 22 The average of 5 numbers is 2. After one number is deleted, the new average is -3. What number was deleted?

312. 30-60-90 often formed from equilateral triangles1: sq rt 3:2

1109. 30:60:90RightTriangle(Lenghts)

x:x^(1/3):2x

1012. 83.3% 5/6 = what %

1006. 180(n-2) What does the Sum of the angles in a Regular Polygon formula look like?

1079. 347 Number of integers from A to B inclusive = B - A + 1

How many consecutive integers are there from 73 through 419, inclusive?

103. Abate To lessen, reduce, suppress, or (in some cases) cancel completely. The word is used in different areas of law,emergency management and other business matters.

345. Absolutevalueequations

(1) Isolate the expression within the absolute value brackets(2) Remove the absolute value brackets and solve for the equation in 2 cases. Case 1: x=a (x is positive). Case 2: x=-a (xis negative)(3) Check to see whether each solution is valid by putting each one back into the original equation and verifying thatthe two sides of the equation are in fact equal.

228. Absolutevalue of adifference

Ansolute value of x-y can be interpreted as the distance between x and y.For example, rephrase the absolute value of x-3<4 as "the distance between x and 3 is less than 4"

519. Accordingly Conclusion

31. AccountManager

The person in charge of particular customers, departments, or employees.

104. AccountsPayable

Amounts owed by a business for purchases made on credit. These amounts are paid by the business after a period oftime (which can differ from business to business, but is usually 30 days) referred to as "Days Payable Outstanding(DPO)." This term is also often used to refer to the accounting/billing department in a company (for example, "We gotthe bill today - send it straight to Accounts Payable and they'll handle it.").

105. AccountsReceivable

Amounts due the business from customers for merchandise or services purchased on credit. The business does notreceive payment for these amounts immediately; the delay before payment is referred to as "Days Sales Outstanding(DSO)." Like Accounts Payable, this might also refer to the department responsible for billing customers.

976. The accusedseemed (tobe/ like)hidingsomething

seem to be

719. ActiveResolution

the correct answer will actively resolve the paradox, that is allow both sides to be factually correct, and will eitherexplain how the situation came into being, or will add a piece of information that shows how the two ideas oroccurences can coexist.

73. Actuary Someone who is experienced in the analysis, evaluation and management of statistical information.

211. Add/Subtract a multiple with anonmultiple

result is a nonmultipleMultiple of 3 + Nonmultiple of 3 = Nonmultiple of 3

265. Add/Subtract Decimals Line up the decimal points!

223. Add/Subtract Odds & Evens ODD +_ EVEN = ODDODD + _ ODD = EVENEVEN + _ EVEN = EVEN

210. Add/Subtract two multiples results is a multipleMultiple of 3 + Multiple of 3 = Multiple of 3

212. Add/Subtract two nonmultiples results can be multiple or nonmultiple

1132. Adding and Subtracting Decimals Line up the decimal points and proceed as usual

243. Adding Exponents When multiplying two terms with the same base, combine exponents by adding

1129. Adding or subtracting fractions withdifferent denominators

Multiply both fractions to get a common denominator add or subtract as usual

1128. Adding or subtracting fractions withthe same denominator

Add or subtract the numbers on top and keep the same denominator

750. Additional Premise a premise added to the argument that supports the conclusion, but is sometimes non-essential to the conclusion

748. Additional Premise Indicators Furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more

586. Additive Inference result from combining multiple statements through a common term and then deducing arelationship that does not include the common term. These are often the correct answer choices in formal logic problems.

721. Address the facts always choose answer choices that conform to the specifics of the stimulus. Do not belured by reasonable solutions that do not quite meet the stated facts.

1. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM) A loan with an interest rate that changes periodically in keeping with a current index,such as one-year treasury bills.

74. Adjuster An individual whose job it is to assess losses and settle policyholder claims.

535. Admittedly Counter-Premise

376. The advertisement proceeds by Method

32. Affiliate In online retail, a website that will steer traffic to an alternative site for a percentage ofsales.

33. Affinity Marketing Marketing targeted at a specific audience that shares common interests connected to aproduct. Also, a campaign sponsored through cooperation between different companies.

530. After All Additional Premise/Counter-Premise

75. Agent A person who sells insurance.

726. Agree/Disagree Test The correct answer must produce responses where one speaker would say "I agree, thestatement is correct" and the other speaker would say, "I disagree, the statement isincorrect." If those two responses are not produce, then the answer is incorrect.

914. The agreement invests the vice-chairman __ the authority to act on thechairman's behalf in certainconditions

invests with

2. Agreement of Sale A contract where a seller agrees to sell and a buyer agrees to buy, under specific termsand conditions spelled out in writing and signed by both parties.

456. Aiesha responds to Adam's argumentby

Method

702. All 1st

682. all Sufficient

577. All (Numerically) 100

939. All his troubles originate (in/from) his mind

originate in

415. All of the following weakens thepolitician's argument EXCEPT?

Weaken X

868. All the time I dream (about/ of)football

dream about

537. Although Counter-Premise

1052. always try to factor always try to factor

3. Amortization Paying off debt with installments, where the installments can be either a series of equal paymentsor, more commonly, a calculated schedule of payments that includes accumulation of interest.This calculation process is also often used to determine usage and depreciation on assets.

106. Amortization gradual extinction of a monetary obligation by periodic payments that usually includes interest,the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of years

1044. the amount after deductions Net

621. A and B don't have to followeach other; if they arecommonly seen together, thenone must have caused the other

post hoc ergo propter hoc in statistics

304. Angles of a Triangle (1) The sum of the three angles of a triangle equals 180 degrees(2) Angles correspond to their opposite sides. The largest angle is opposite the longest side andvice versa. If two sides are equal, their opposite angles are also equal (isosceles).

4. Annual Percentage Rate(A.P.R.)

The interest percentage of a loan, including all finance charges and other payments and credits,averaged over the course of a year.

76. Annuity A life insurance product that pays regular income benefits for a specific amount of time. There aretwo basic types of annuities: deferred and immediate. Deferred annuities allow assets to grow tax-deferred over time before being converted to payments to the annuitant. Immediate annuities allowpayments to begin within about a year of purchase.

77. Annuity Prospectus Legal document that provide specific information about flexible annuity contracts. Must beaccessible to every prospective buyer.

78. Annuity Purchase Rate (APR) The cost of an annuity, determined by factors such as the age and gender of the person buying thepolicy.

1149. Another way to write cube root5

5^(1/3)

366. The answer to which one of thefollowing questions wouldcontribute most to anevaluation of the argument?

Evaluate

378. The answer to which one of thefollowing questions would mosthelp in evaluating thecolumnist's argument?

Evaluate

697. Any 1st

683. any Sufficient

1081. Any multiplication involving aneven number creates an evenproduct.

Odd and Even rule.

1147. Any number to the 0 power is? one (1)

1146. Any number to the first power is? itself

1148. Any number to the negative power (y) isequal to?

The reciprocal of the same number to the positive power (y). (eg 3^-2 = 1/(3^2) =1/9)

696. Anyone 1st

606. an appeal to someone who has no specialknowledge in the area being discussed;used to overawe us and make us reluctantto challenge that authority's viewpoint

faulty appeal to authority

79. Apportionment The separating of a loss to a proportionate degree among two or more insurers thatcover the same loss.

5. Appraisal A process of evaluating, estimating or determining the value of property or assets.This term is often used when discussing property values and asset evaluation. Inaddition, a "performance appraisal" is a common term for regular overviews of anemployee's work in a company, which frequently impact salary and bonuses.

107. Appraisal the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

80. Arbitration The process where two parties consent to resolve a claim dispute by agreeing to adecision made by a third party.

922. Are international charities becoming morelocalized ___the economic crisis?

localized in

320. Area of a circle A= pi r^2

1111. Area of a circle? pr^2

1115. Area of a parallelogram? Base * Height

321. Area of a sector Find the fraction of the circle the sector represents and multiply by the area of thecircle.

297. Area of a Triangle (Base x Height) / 2

1110. Area of a triangle? (b*h)/2

300. Area of Parallelogram Base x Height

298. Area of Rectangle Length x Width

301. Area of rhombus (Diagonal 1 x Diagonal 2) / 2Diagonals are always perpendicular bisectors (cut each other in half at a 90 degreeangle) in a rhombus

299. Area of Trapezoid [(Base 1 + Base 2) x Height] / 2Average of two bases multiplied by the height

434. The argument assumes which one of thefollowing?

Assumption

453. The argument derives its conclusion by Method

455. The argument employs which one of thefollowing reasoning techniques?

Method

373. The argument is flawed because it Flaw

452. The argument proceeds by Method

610. an argument which says "P is true becauseQ is true, and Q is true because P is true"

circular reasoning

220. Arithmetic with remainders You can add and subtract remainders as long as you correct excess or negativeremainders

517. As A Result Conclusion

508. As Indicated By Premise

81. Asset-Backed Securities(ABS)

Bonds that represent groups of loans of similar types, duration and interest rates.

82. Assets Property possessed by a company, usually comprised of stocks, bonds and real estate. For insurancecompanies, this also includes the value of the loans and policies they have issued or now own.

83. Assigned Risk Plans A plan through which people can buy insurance if they are unable to purchase insurance in the regularor voluntary market, because of their high risk or other factors.

552. Assume premise

649. Assumes that there areonly two courses of actionavailable when in realitythere may be others.

False Dilemma

776. Assumption The correct answer to an assumption question is a statement the author must believe in order for theconclusion to make sense. Can be considered minimalist answers - cannot contain extraneousinformation.

758. Assumption an unstated premise - what must be true in order for the argument to be true. Can have a great effect onthe validity of an argument. Occurs while the argument is being made.

784. Assumption and Causality Works almost identically to strengthen and causality questions. a) eliminate any alternate cause for thestated effect, b) show that when the cause occurs the effect occurs, c) show that when the cause does notoccur the effect does not occur, d) eliminate the possibility that the stated relationship is reversed, and e)show that the data used to make the causal statement are accurate, or eliminate possible problems withthe data

780. Assumption NegationTechnique

To help decide between contenders - a) logically negate the answer choices under consideration (largelyconsists of adding or removing a not from a sentence), b) the negated answer choice that attacks theargument will be the correct answer

777. Assumption QuestionStem Features

1) The stem uses the word "assumption," "presupposition," or some variation, 2) the stem never uses theword "if" or any other sufficient condition indicator - it may, however, contain a necessary conditionindicator

765. Assumption Questions ask you to identify a statement that the argument assumes or supposes. An assumption is simply anunstated premise - what must be true in order for the argument to be true. It is what is necessary for theargument to be true.

783. Assumptions andConditionality

1) if you encounter linked statements and an assumption question, be prepared to supply the missinglink or the contrapositive of that link, 2) if you see a conditional conclusion and then are asked anassumption question, immediately look for an answer that confirms that the necessary condition is trulynecessary, or that eliminates possible alternatives to the necessary condition.

1087. at least 3 steps In general, difficult questions require how many steps to solve?

665. Attack a CausalConclusion (Weaken)

1) find an alternate cause for the stated effect, 2) show that even when the cause occurs, the effect does not occur, 3) show that although the effect occurs, the cause did not occur, 4) show the stated relationship is reversed, and 5) show that a statistical problem exists with the dataused to make the causal statement

603. attacking an opponent'scharacter, or his motivesfor believing something,instead of disproving hisargument

Attacking The Person (Ad Hominem)

34. Attribute A feature of a product that makes it distinct or attractive.

1018. The average of a set of evenly spacedconsecutive numbers is the average of thesmallest and largest numbers in the set.

The average of consecutive numbers

36. B2B "Business-to-business". This refers to an exchange between businesses, where onebusiness is the "customer". Frequently used in association with e-commerce andadvertising, when targeting businesses as opposed to consumers.

108. Bailout an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business

1074. Balancing Think of averages as what?The average of 3, 4, 5, and x is 5. What is x?3 is 2 less than 54 is 1 less than 55 is the averagex = 5 + 3 = 8

35. Banner An ad on an internet Web page that is usually connected to the advertiser's web site.

1116. Basic probability formula? number of outcomes you want/total number of possible outcomes

500. Because Premise

279. Benchmark Values: 10% To find 10% of any number, just move the decimal point to the left one place

527. Besides Additional Premise

241. Beware of even exponents They hide the original sign of the base. Any base raised to an even power will result ina positive answer

674. biconditional indicate that each term is both sufficient and necessary for the other - the arrowpoints both ways.

84. Binder In insurance, the proof in writing that a policy will be issued. In real estate, this is theamount of money applied as a security against the buyer's forfeit.

85. Blanket Insurance In real estate, coverage for different kinds of property at a specific location or aspecific property at different locations. In general, it refers to insurance that covers anumber of entities that are not necessarily related.

6. Blanket Mortgage A mortgage or trust deed that covers more than one lot or parcel of real property, andoften an entire subdivision. As individual lots are sold, a partial re-conveyance orrelease from the blanket mortgage is usually obtained.

975. The boss seemed ___ a nice person whenI met him

seem like

819. Both John __ Jack are coming for dinner Both X and Y

877. The boy was not tall enough to reach thewindowThe boy was short enough not to reach thewindow

enough to

37. Brand A name, term, sign or symbol utilized for discovery and classification purposes ofproducts or services. A brand can be both a physical and emotional trigger that causesa relationship to be formed between consumers and the product or service.

38. Brand Attributes Practical or emotional connections that are associated with a brand by its customersand potential customers.

39. Brand Equity The amount of worth in both tangible assets and intangible assets that a brand addsto a product or service.

40. Brand Extension Utilizing an already established brand to sell or promote new products or services.

41. Brand Loyalty The commitment of a customer to one particular brand, such that they will purchase iteven if the price is higher or other options exist.

42. Brand Management The handling of a company's brand to maximize the equity in the brand and the increase in value ofthe associated assets.

43. Brand Positioning The effort put into making sure a specific brand is easily identified by customers, and also thepresence that brand has in the marketplace.

44. Brand Repositioning The attempt to try to change a consumer's viewpoint of a specific brand.

45. Broadcasting Advertising services or products to a large audience through television, radio, or the internet.

86. Broker A person who acts as the liaison between the customer and the insurance company.

The separating of a loss to a proportionate degree among two or more insurers that cover the sameloss.

87. Business Owners Policy/BOP A policy that combines property, liability and business interruption coverage for small- to medium-sized businesses.

109. Business Valuation An appraisal of a business with prepared and agreed upon terms of evaluation. A business valuationlooks at all aspects of a company, from their equipment and building to their employees andintangible assets, and comes up with a total "value" for the company as a whole.

46. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Sales made directly to the end user, rather than through another business entity.

531. But Counter-Premise

47. Buzz What "word-of-mouth" marketing is called, where customers communicate about the product toother potential customers.

867. By the end of the contest theboxer had drawn (on/ upon/at/ to) all the energy he had

drawn upon - used up

48. Call Center An inbound telephone office in a company that handles inquiries, technical support calls, productorders, or other communications with customers.

49. Call to Action The point in a promotion or advertisement where a customer is encouraged to do something, such aspurchase a product, sign up for a service, or fill out a form.

910. Can you make yourselfindifferent _____ someoneyou love?

indifferent towards

942. Can you permit me ___ thedoor please

permit (someone) through

546. cannot may signal conclusion

88. Capacity The resource of insurance accessible to meet demand.

89. Captive Agent An individual that represents a specific insurance company and by agreement cannot submitbusiness to any other company, unless it is first abandoned by the agent's company.

90. Cash Dividend Option A payment option where the insurer sends the policy owner a check in the amount of the policydividend, retaining the face value of the policy in the account.

110. Cash Flow Revenue or expense streams that change a cash account over a given period. Cash inflows arise fromone of three activities: financing, operations and investing. Cash flow can also be negative, if abusiness spends more money than it takes in during a given period of time.

91. Cash Payment Option One of the nonforfeiture selections incorporated in life insurance policies that permit a policy ownerto be given the cash surrender worth of a life insurance policy or an annuity contract in oneimbursement. Also known as cash surrender option.

92. Cash Surrender Value For life insurance, the quantity that the owner is able to get if the policy does not remain in forceuntil the insured's death. For annuities, the amount of a deferred annuity's accrued value that thecontract holder is able to get if the policy is relinquished during its accumulation period.

787. Cats have the ability (to see/of seeing) in the dark

ability to see

770. Causal Reasoning(Strengthen)

a) eliminate any alternate causes for the stated effect, b) show that when the cause occurs the effect occurs (canoccur as an example), c) show that when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur (can occur as anexample), d) eliminate the possibility that the stated relationship is reversed, and e) show that the data used tomake the causal statement is accurate, or eliminate possible problems with the data

660. Causal Statement inthe Conclusion

the reasoning is flawed

661. Causal Statement inthe Premises

the argument may be flawed, but not because of the causal statement

659. Cause and EffectRelationshipIndicators

caused by, because of,responsible for, reason for,leads to, induced by, promoted by, determined by,produced by, product of, played a role in, was a factor in, in an effect of - causal indicators are active, almost powerful words

111. CCO Chief Communication Officer

848. These CDs date(from/ on/ at) theearly 70s

date from - to have existence that extends from a particular time

663. Central Assumption when a LSAT speakers concludes that one occurrence causes another, that speaker also assumes that thestated cause is the only possible cause of the effect, and that consequently the stated cause will always producethe effect

112. CEO the corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm

931. The CEO deemed itnecessary ___askthe employee toresign

necessary to

1004. The CEO hasattributed the loss___the economicrecession earlier inthe year

X is attributed to Y

921. The CEO islikely___arrestedtoday

likely to be

965. The CEO isresponsible ___meeting theassigned targets

responsible for

7. Certificate of Title A document issued by a title company, registrar, or attorney stating that the ownership of a piece of property isvested as stated on the document.

113. CFO the corporate executive having financial authority to make appropriations and authorize expenditures for a firm

800. The chairmanapproves __ thenew marketing plan

approves of

984. The chairmanclaimed that he wasspeaking ___ hisexperience

speaking from

608. changing or exaggerating an opponent'sposition or argument to make it easier torefute

straw man

611. changing the meaning of a word in the middleof an argument

Equivocation

1032. Check each prime number up to theapproximate square root of the number. Ifyou haven't found a number less than or equalto the square root of the number, then thenumber is prime.

How to check for a prime number.

282. Chemical Mixtures Set up a mixture chart with the substance labels in rows and "original," "change"and "new" in the columns. This way you can keep track of various componentsand their changes.

808. The child asked __a glass of water asked for

899. The child grew (into/ to be/ as) tall handsometeenager

grow into

959. The child was reluctant (to attend / aboutattending) the class

reluctant to

906. The children have been independent (to/ of)their parents since childhood

independent from

72. Churning In sales, the practice of getting consumers to purchase more than they need to, orunnecessary sales made solely to generate income. Can also refer to the generalturnover in a client base.

316. Circles & cylinders Circle is a set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed center point. Aline segment connecting the center point to a point on the circle is the radius.Any line segment connecting two points on a circle is a chord. Any chord thatpasses through the center of the circle is a diameter. A diameter is two times theradius. GMAT tests:(1) circumference and (2) area of whole and partial circles, (3) surface area and(4) volume of cylinders

318. Circumference and arc length an arc is a portion of the circle rather than the whole. Arc length can bedetermined by what fraction the arc is of the entire circumference

317. Circumference of a circle The distance around a circle. C=2 pi rpi= approx 3.14C=d piA full revolution of a wheel is equivalent to the wheel going around once

1112. Circumference of a circle? 2pr

462. The claim that humans are still biologicallyadapted to a diet of wild foods plays whichone of the following roles in the nutritionist'sargument?

Method

458. The claim that people have positive ornegative responses to many nonsense wordsplays which one of the following roles in theargument?

Method

622. claiming something is true simply becausenobody has yet given any evidence to thecontrary

proof by lack of evidence

481. Clarification of which one of the followingissues would be most important to anevaluation of the skeptics' position?

Evaluate

677. Classic Combination When a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must betrue question stem, immediately look for a repeat or contrapositive in the answerchoices

658. Classic Combination When there is conditional reasoning in the stimulus, and a weakening questionimmediately look for an answer that attacks the necessary condition.

520. Clearly Conclusion

50. Click-Through When a viewer clicks on an ad on a website to go to the advertiser's linked site. Theclick-through rate is a way of measuring the frequency of viewer response andaction.

8. Closing The process of executing legally binding documents, such as deeds and mortgagescommonly associated with the purchase of real estate and borrowing money toassist in the purchase. Also known as "escrow" or "settlement."

951. The coach thinks Jack has the potential __play at the national level

potential to

923. The college has been asked to manage __thefunds that it has

manage with

558. Combination Answers Any answer that results from combining two or more statements of the stimulus willbe correct

1124. Combinations: single source, order doesn'tmatter

Start with the number of permutations, that is the numerator(top). TheDenominator is the number of combinations (eg 432*1)

344. Combo problems: manipulations GMAT often asks to solve for a combination of variables, for example: x+yIn these cases do no isolate and solve for the individual variables until all othermethods have been exhausted. Instead try to isolate the combination on one side. 4 manipulations (MADS):M: Multiply or divide the whole equation by a certain numberA: Add or subtract a number on both sides of the equationD: Distribute or factor an expression on ONE side of the equationS: square or unsquare both sides of the equation

Occur most frequently in data sufficiency:manipulate the equation so that the combo is one one side. If a value is on the otherside, it's sufficient. If a variable expression is on the other side it is not sufficient.

114. Commission Definition1: The fee paid for a service, often based on results or on a percentage ofthe sales or profits.Definition2: A committee (often official) dedicated to a specific aspect of business.

565. Common Main Point Structure Many will feature a structure that places the conclusion at the beginning or in themiddle of the stimulus to throw you off.

307. Common Right Triangles: 3-4-5 Key multiples: 6-8-109-12-1512-16-20

308. Common Right Triangles: 5-12-13 10-24-26

309. Common Right Triangles: 8-15-17 ...

654. Common Weaken Synonyms attack, undermine, refute, argue against, call into question, cast doubt, challenge,damage, counter

655. Common Weakening Scenarios 1) Incomplete Information - the author fails to consider all of the possibilities, or relies onevidence that is incomplete. This flaw can be attacked by bringing up new possibilities orinformation. 2) improper comparison - the author tries to compare two or more items that are essentiallydifferent3) Qualified Conclusion - the author qualifies or limits the conclusion in such a way as toleave the argument open to attack

754. Commonly Used Construction forComplex Argument with 2 viewpoints

A number (some, many, etc) of people believe (claim, propose, etc) that... The use of thisdevice to start a stimulus almost always leads to the introduction of an opposing view

987. The company's astounding profitsspeak ___ themselves

speak for

273. Comparing Fractions Cross MultiplyCross multiply the fractions and put each answer by the corresponding numeratorFor example: 7/9 vs. 4/5 (7 x 5) = 35(4 x 9) = 36Put 35 next to corresponding 7/9 and 36 next to corresponding 4/5. Since 36 is larger than 35, 4/5 > 7/9

275. Comparing Fractions usingBenchmark Values

Estimate values using benchmarks. For example: What is 10/22 of 5/18 of 2000?If you recognize that 10/22 is nearly 1/2 and 5/18 is approx. 1/4 then it is easier todetermine. Try to make rounding errors cancel by rounding some numbers up and other numbers down

618. comparing two items with each otherwhen the items are the same in oneor more respects

analogy

232. Complex Abs Value with more thanone expression

an absolute value with more than one expression but only one variable and one or moreconstants is usually easier solved with an algebraic approach

231. Complex Absolute Value For a problem with two different variables, generally without constants, are more easilysolved using a conceptual approach rather than algebraic. Try picking and testing numbers,specifically positives, negatives and zero

522. Conclude That Conclusion

620. concluding that since A happenedbefore B, then A must have caused B

post hoc ergo propter hoc

744. Conclusion a statement or judgement that follows from one or more reasons. To identify ask, "Whatdoes the author want me to believe?" "Why should I believe this argument?"

427. The conclusion above followslogically if which one of the followingis assumed?

Justify

432. The conclusion above is properlydrawn if which one of the following isassumed?

Justify

438. The conclusion cited does not followunless

Assumption

753. Conclusion Identification Method Take the statements under consideration for the conclusion and place them in a waythat forces one to be the conclusion, and the other(s) to be the premise(s). Usepremise and conclusion indicators to achieve this end. Once the pieces are arrangeddetermine if the pieces make logical sense. If not rearrange until a logical order isproduced.

435. The conclusion in the passage above relieson which of the following assumptions?

Assumption

436. The conclusion in the passage above relieson which one of the followingassumptions?

Assumption

746. Conclusion Indicators thus, therefore, hence, consequently, so, as a result, accordingly, clearly, must bethat, shows that, follows that, conclude that, for this reason

749. Conclusion/Premise indicator form placing conclusion and premise indicators back to back, separted by a comma. Thepresence of the comma creates a clause that, due to the premise indicator, will be apremise. The end of the premise clause will be indicated with a second comma, andthen what follows will be the conclusion

604. condemning an argument because ofwhere it began, how it began, or who beganit

genetic fallacy

666. Conditional Reasoning a broad name given to logical relationships composed of sufficient and necessaryconditions.

516. Consequently Conclusion

1019. Consider work done in one hour. Inverseof the time it takes everyone workingtogether = Sum of the inverse of the timesit would take each person workingindividually.

Work problem rule

115. Contract a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

116. Contractor someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things

576. Contrapositives There is NO contrapositive for some and most statements. Only all arrow statements have contrapositives. Some and Most do not necessarilyencompass a whole group, so they do not.

822. The conversation ceters (around/ on)Mozart's contribution to music

centers on

117. Copyright a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artisticwork

118. Corporation a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personallyresponsible for its debts

731. Correct Answer All flawed arguments contain an error of assumption. The correct answer in anevaluate the argument question reveals that error.

842. The costs associated (to/ wtih) setting upa factory are prohibitive

costs associated with

865. Could I draw attention (to/ at) this slide? draw attention to

751. Counter-Premise aka adversatives, bring up points of opposition or comparison. Gives the author achance to directly attack arguments of opponents.

752. Counter-Premise Indicators But, yet, however, on the other hand, admittedly, in contrast, although, even though,still, whereas, in spite of, despite, after all

235. Counting Integers forconsecutive integers (how manyintegers from x to y?)

Add one before you are doneFor example, how many integers between 6 and 10? Count 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or just subtract 10-6 + 1(Last - First + 1)

236. Counting Integers forconsecutive multiples (how manyintegers from x to y?)

(Last - First) / Increment + 1

946. The country's mind ispreoccupied ___ soccer

preoccupied with

863. Criminals cannot distinguishright from wrongCriminals cannot distinguishbetween right and wrong

distinguish X from Ydistinguish between X and Y

119. CTO CHIEF technology OFFICER

51. Customer Service Making sure the customers have a pleasant and positive experience when purchasing a product.

324. Cylinders and Surface Area A cylinder is two circles and a wrapped up rectangle. The length of the rectangle is equal to thecircumference of the circle (2pi r) and the width of the rectangle is equal to the height of thecylinder, h. Area of the rectangle is 2pi r x hSurface Area= 2 circles + rectangleSA= 2( pi r^2) + 2pi rhThe only information needed to find SA is the radius of the cylinder and the height.

325. Cylinders and volume V=pi r^2hOnly need the radius of the cylinder and height of the cylinderTwo cylinders can have the same volume but different shapes

1080. D or E If you have to guess in a problem, which ones should you guess? Especially if you have to plugnumbers.

285. Data Sufficiency strategy Rephrasing: You should be able to rephrase the equation to have one equation with onevariable. If you are unable to do this, the stem is not sufficient.

52. Data-mining The process of using technology to identify patterns and prospects from large amounts ofinformation.

120. Debt A form of liability that represents money borrowed from banks or other institutions, or anymoney owed to another party.

121. Debt-to-Equity Ratio A comparison between the company's total assets and its short- and long-term debts. This ratiois often used to measures a company's ability to borrow and repay money, or its future prospects.

9. Deed A formal written agreement by which title to real property is transferred from one owner toanother.

779. Defender Role defender assumptions protect the argument by eliminating ideas that could weaken theargument. If there is no obvious weakness in the argument and it is an assumption question,expect to see a defender answer choice.

350. Defining rules for Sequences Linear sequences are in the form kn+x, where k equals the difference between successive terms.Each term is equal to the previous term plus a constant k. Exponential sequences are in the form of x(k^n) where x and k are real numbers. Each term isequal to the previous term times a constant k.

313. Delux Pythagorean Theorem d^2=x^2+y^2+z^2where x, y and z are the sides of the rectangular solid and d is the main diagonal

53. Demographics Data that portrays specific characteristics of a group of people (e.g., sex, race, age, geographiclocation). Used as a noun, it means a set of people who are grouped because of their similarityin one or more aspects.

122. Depreciation Definition 1: The recognition of part of an asset's cost as an expense during each year ofits useful life. This expense can be calculated either by straight-line depreciation (thesame dollar amount is assigned to each year) or by one of several accelerated methods inwhich the dollar amounts are weighted and/or cumulative. Definition 2: Any loss in value, whether due to market changes or wear and tear overtime. Unless you are working in an accounting office, this is the meaning you will mostoften come across.

948. Designer corals have been prized ___jewelry ___nearly 5000 years

prized as, prized for

542. Despite Counter-Premise

487. The dialogue above lends the mostsupport to claim that Sherrie and Frandisagree with each other about whichone of the following statements?

Point at Issue

374. The dialogue most supports the claimthat Tony and Raoul disagree aboutwhether

Point at Issue

772. Difference between Justify andAssumption Answers

Justify answers often contain extraneous information, while assumption answers onlycontain the information necessary for the unstated premise

54. Direct Marketing All the different ways in which a company can advertise products or services, orbroadcast information in general, directly to the consumer.

352. Direct Proportion Functionality Types Set up ratios fir the before and after cases and then set the ratios equal to each other

856. The director depicted the actor (as/ tobe) a mutant

depicted as

230. Disguised + or - questions Whenever you see >0 or <0, think Positives & Negatives

605. dismissing someone's viewpoint on anissue because he himself isinconsistent in that very thing

tu quoque

334. Distance between 2 points Calculate using the pythagorean theorem. Draw a right triangle between the two points.

1164. Distance Formula? Rate * Time = Distance (Hint: Draw a chart)

1139. Distributing Exponents When several #s are inside parenthesis, the exponent outside the parentheses must bedistributed to all the #s within (4y)^2 = ((4)^2)((y)^2) = (4^2) * (y^2) = 16y^2

1051. Divide 4999 by 15 => 333 integers to determine the number of integers less than 5000 that are evenly divisible by 15...?

1134. Dividing Decimals Move the decimal to the right on both numbers until there is nothing to the right of thedecimal

1131. Dividing Fractions Invert (reciprocal) the second fraction and multiply

201. Divisible by 2 if Even

202. Divisible by 3 if Sum of the integer's digits are divisble by 3

203. Divisible by 4 if integer is divisible by 2 twice or the last two digits are divisible by 4

204. Divisible by 5 if integer ends in 5 or 0

205. Divisible by 6 if integer is divisible by both 2 and 3

206. Divisible by 8 if Integer is divisible by 2 three times or if the last three digits are divisible by 8

207. Divisible by 9 if sum of the integer's digits are divisble by 9

208. Divisible by 10 if integer ends in 0

889. Do not expose the film__ directsunlight

expose to

847. The document has been dated (atbeing/ at/ as being) 100 years old

dated at

1142. Does (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)/(x^2 + y^2)= z^2?

NO

832. Does my dress conform (with/ to)your regulation?

conform to

1140. Does x^2 + x^3 = x^5? NO

1141. Does x^6 - x^2 = x^4? NO

894. The dogs fled __ their kennel flee to

893. The dogs fled ___ their cruel master flee from - run away

874. The donation will enable the college__ buy a new projector

enable X to Y

675. Double arrow Typically introduced by1) the phrase "if and only if," 2) use of the phrase "vice versa," and 3) by repeating and reversing the terms

676. Double Not-Arrow Indicates that two terms cannot occur together. One or the other could occur, or neithercould occur

123. Downturn A decline in profitability or business activity.

509. Due To Premise

55. E-Commerce/E-Marketing Marketing and sales that are done through the internet.

703. Each 1st

384. Each of the following describes aflaw in the psychologist's reasoningEXCEPT

Flaw X

497. Each of the following precepts islogically consistent with thecolumnist's conclusion EXCEPT

Cannot PR

494. Each of the following principles islogically consistent with thecolumnist's conclusion EXCEPT

Cannot PR

425. Each of the following, if true,strengthens the toxicologist'sargument EXCEPT

Strengthen X

381. Each of the following, if true,supports the claim above EXCEPT

Strengthen X

420. Each of the following, if true,supports the claim above EXCEPT:

Strengthen X

382. Each of the following, if true,weakens the argument EXCEPT

Weaken X

422. Each of the following, if true, wouldstrengthen the argument EXCEPT

Strengthen X

124. Earnings before Interest and Taxes(EBIT)

Net income before income tax expense and interest expense is deducted. This is a commonway to compare the earning power of companies because it eliminates the impact of capitalstructure and effective tax rates, two non-operating factors.

10. Easement Rights A right-of-way granted to a person, organization, or government authorizing access to or overthe owner's land.

125. Economic Indicators Statistics that provide information about the performance of the economy and its position in thebusiness cycle. or Technical measures analysts use to forecast events in economic systems; forexample, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Consumer Price Index (CPI).

788. The editor has access __ theentire manuscript

access to

406. The educators' reasoningprovides grounds for acceptingwhich of the followingstatements?

Must Be True

348. Eliminating Roots: Square bothsides

To solve variable square roots, square both sides of the equation. Be sure to check the solution inthe original equation since squaring can introduce an extraneous solution.

126. Entrepreneur someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it

431. The environmentalist'sconclusion would be properlydrawn if it were true that the

Justify

1113. Equation for a line? y=mx+b where b is the y-intercept (the point which crosses the y-axis) m is the slope of the line,and x & y are the coordinates of some point on that line

315. Equilateral Triangle Can be split ito two 30-60-90 triangles. Therefore it has a base of length S and a height oflength S sq.rt.3 / 2. Area of an equilateral triangle therefore is S^2 sq.rt.3 / 4

311. Equilateral triangles All three sides equal and therefore all angles equal to 60 degrees

11. Equity Ownership in a corporation in the form of common or preferred stock. It also refers to totalassets minus total liabilities, in which case it is referred to as shareholder's equity, net worth orbook value.

600. an error in logic; a place wheresomeone has made a mistake inhis thinking

fallacy

12. Escrow Funds paid by one party to another to hold until the occurrence of an event, after which thefunds are released to a designated individual.

284. Estimating Decimal Equivalents 1) Make the denominator the nearest factor of 100 or another power of 10.2) Change the numerator or denominator to make the fraction simplify easily. 3) Make percent adjustments by seeing how much you approximately changed the denominatorand applying that percent to the final answer.

255. Estimating Roots of ImperfectSquares

If there is no coefficient in front you may estimate by figuring the two closest perfect squares oneither side of it. If you want to estimate a square root with a coefficient, simply estimate the square root and thenmultiply by the coefficient. Or combine the coefficient with the root.

127. Ethics A philosophical concept that determines the definition of "right" and "wrong", especially whenapplied to interactions between people.

729. Evaluate question stems almost always use the word "evaluate," or synonyms such as "judge," or "assess"

727. Evaluate the ArgumentQuestions

ask you to consider the question, statistic, or piece of information that would best help determinethe logical validity of the argument presented in the stimulus. In other words, you must select theanswer choice that decides whether the argument is good or bad

852. Evaporation is defined (as/ in/to be) the process in which waterchanges into vapor

defined as

957. Evaporation refers ___ ascientific term

refer to

1036. Even 2n, 2n+2, 2n+4

1098. even + even = even

1100. even + odd = odd

917. Even as a young boy he was(known to/ known as wanting to)explore different ways of doingthings

known to

346. Even exponent equations: 2solutions

Even exponents hide the sign of the base and therefore can have positive and negativesolutions. This is often the case even for equations with some odd exponents and some evenexponents.

1053. Even integer.Neither positive nor negative.Multiple of every number.Not a factor of any number.

Properties of 0

538. Even Though Counter-Premise

1095. even x even = even

1097. even x odd = even

233. Evenly Spaced Sets All sets of consecutive integers are sets of consecutive multiples. All sets of consecutivemultiples are evenly spaced sets. All evenly spaced sets are fully defined if the 3 parameters areknown: (1) first and last numbers in the set, (2) the increment, (3) the number of items in theset

704. Every 1st

681. every Sufficient

560. Exaggerated Answers take information from the stimulus, and then stretch that information to make a broaderstatement that is not supported by the stimulus. This type of answer is often paraphrased making it very attractive.

707. Except 1st

692. except Necessary

128. Executive One of any number of high-level positions in an organization, with the power to make (or"execute") decisions on behalf of all stakeholders. The President, Director, CEO, and CFO areall examples of titles for executives.

129. Expenses Economic costs that a business incurs through its operations in order to gain revenue. In orderto get the best profits, businesses must attempt to reduce expenses without cutting intorevenues.

248. An exponent of 0 Any nonzero base raised to the power of zero is equal to 1

247. An Exponent of 1 When you see a base without an exponent, write in an exponent of 1

1137. Exponents - Dividing numberswith same base

subtract the bottom exponents from the top exponents (3^6 / 3^2 = 3^4)

1136. Exponents - Multiplying numberswith same base

add their exponents (6^2 *6^3 = 6^5)

1138. Exponents - Raising a power to apower

Multiply the exponents (4^3)^2 = 4^(3*2) = 4^6

252. Exponents Strategy 1) Simplify or factor any additive or subtractive terms2) Break every non-prime base down into prime factors3) Distribute the exponents to every prime factor4) Combine the exponents for each prime factor and simplify

1054. Exterior angle d is equal to thesum of the two remote interiorangles a and b

Triangle abc with d on the outside with a line. What does d = ?

327. Exterior angles of a triangle an exterior angle of a triangle is equal in measure to the sum of the two non-adjacent(opposite) interior angles of the triangle. Tested frequently on the GMATIn particular look for exterior angles within more complicated diagrams. Perhaps try isolatingthe triangle.

222. Factor Counting Solve factor counting problems by writing the prime factorization in exponential form, adding 1to all of the exponents and multiplying

1163. Factor x^2-2xy+y^2 (x-y)^2

1161. Factor x^2-y^2 (x+y)(x-y)

1159. Factor x^2+2xy+y^2 (x+y)^2

218. Factorials and Divisibility Because it is a product of all the integers from 1 to N, any factorial N! must be divisible by allintegers from 1 to N. N! is a multiple of integers from all the integers from 1 to N

349. Factoring: three Special Products x^2-y^2 =(x+y)(x-y)x^2+2xy+y^2= (x+y)(x+y) = (x+y)^2x^2-2xy+y^2 = (x-y)(x-y) = (x-y)^2

216. Factors of perfect squares All perfect squares have an odd number of total factors. Vice versa so if a integer has an oddnumber of total factors it must be a perfect square

238. Facts about sums and averages ofevenly spaced sets

(1) the average of an ODD number of consecutive integers will always be an integer(2) the average of an EVEN number of consecutive integers will never be an integer

841. The facts dont correlate (to/ with)her story

correlate with

13. Federal Housing Administration(FHA) Guarantee

An insurance contract in which FHA insures that the named lender will recover a specificpercentage of the loan amount from the insurer in the event that the loan goes bad.

14. Fee Simple Unrestricted ownership of property, in which the owner has complete control, though theproperty is still subject to taxes.

209. Fewer Factors More Multiples Factors divide into an integer and are therefore less than or equal to that integer. Positivemultiples on the other hand multiply out from an integer and are therefore greater than or equalto that integer

1046. Figure out the probability foreach individual event. Multiply the individualprobabilities together.

To determine multiple-event probability where each individual event must occur in a certainway.

567. Fill in the Blank Questions Almost always Main Point questions. When not main point questions they are must be truequestions. The blank is always at the very end of a stimulus, and you are asked to fill in theconclusion of the argument.

130. Financial A general term meaning "involving money." Even non-profit corporations have a financialaspect to them.

1082. Find all prime factors How to find all divisors of a number

1016. Find simple interest then look forthe answer that is a little bigger

Compound interest rule

131. Fiscal Year The 12-month period, not necessarily coinciding with the calendar year, chosen to be a singleyear for financial reporting and taxes of a business.

15. Fixed-Rate Mortgage A loan that carries an unchangeable interest rate over its entire term, typically a period of 15-30years.

647. The flaw would either be a Mistaken Reversal, orMistaken Negation. Confusing a Nessesarycondition with a Sufficiant condition or viceversa.

Errors of Conditional Reasoning

474. The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argumentabove is most similar to that in which one of thefollowing?

Parallel Flaw

478. The flawed reasoning in which one of thefollowing is most similar to that in thecommentator's argument?

Parallel Flaw

132. Floor Plan Loan A special type of loan that is used to extend credit to a company for inventorythat they have available for immediate sale. This loan is paid down by thecompany every time they sell one of the inventory items.

133. FOB Acronym standing for "Free On Board," which indicates that the seller of anitem will pay for the shipping costs as far as the port. This always refers tothe cost of shipping by boat, and is followed by the name of the port city.

56. Focus Group A selected group of current or potential customers who are interviewed abouta new or existing product in order for the company to make a decision aboutthat product.

523. Follows That Conclusion

502. For Premise

1049. For a fixed distance, the average speed isinversely related to the amount of time requiredto make the trip.

Since Mieko's average speed was 3/4 of Chan's, her time was 4/3 as long.

996. For centuries, people have been using herbs ___remedies for the different diseases

used X as Y

504. For Example Premise

785. For some people, laptops are just a means __ anend

a means to

505. For the Reason That Premise

524. For This Reason Conclusion

134. Forecasting The process of estimating future financial performance or activity.

16. Foreclosure A proceeding to take away all rights, title, and interest of the owner ofproperty in order to sell the property to satisfy a lien against it.

568. Formal Logic A standard way a translating relationships into symbols, and then makinginferences from those symbolized relationships.

272. Fraction Operations:Funky Results For proper fractions:Adding Fractions --> Increases the valueSubtracting Fractions --> Decreases the valueMultiplying Fractions --> Decreases the valueDividing Fractions--> increases the value

242. Fractional Base Exponents While most positive numbers increase when raised to a higher exponent,numbers between 0 and 1 decrease

249. Fractional Exponents Within the exponent fraction, the numerator tells us what power to raise thebase to, and the denominator tells us which root to take

909. Fred indicated his assent to me indicate to

871. Freddie was elected (as/ to be/ to act as ) thepresident of our club

elected as

17. Full Disclosure In real estate, disclosing all the known facts that may affect the decision of a buyer or tenant.

339. Function Graphs andQuadratics

Quadratic functions look like:ax^2 +bx+c and take the form of a parabola. Positive value of a --> parabola curves upwardNegative value of a--> parabola curves downwardLarge abs. value of a-->narrow curveSmall abs. value of a-->wide curve

Most likely questions asked are how many x-intercepts and what are they?

The parabola touches the x-axis at those values of x that make f(x)=0Sometimes you have to use the quadratic formula. If you do, the discriminant (b^2-4ac) locatedunder the radical sign will tell you how many solutions the equation has.

525. Furthermore Additional Premise

135. General Partnership An association between two or more people who agree to be co-owners of an organization inwhich each owner, or partner, will be equally and personally responsible for the debt and liabilityof the organization.

617. generalizing about a classbased upon a small or poorsample

Fallacy of Hasty Generalization

507. Given That Premise

949. Gold jewelry has been prized___ thousands of years

prized for

136. Gross Margin Net sales minus cost, often expressed as a percentage of sales. Also called "gross profit margin."

1022. Gross Profit = Selling Price -Cost

Gross Profit formula

137. Gross Sales The total amount of income received and expected in return for goods sold or services performedduring a certain time period.

1015. Group 1 + Group 2 + Neither -Both = Total

Formula for Mixed Group problems (involving Both/Neither)

818. He had to choose between yoga(and/ or) dance

between x and y

809. He is asking __ trouble asking for

947. He prized his only child ____everything else in the world

prized above

994. He was trained (to become/as) an athlete ever since hewas a child

trained to

264. Heavy Division Shortcut Used for large numbers. Example: What is 1,530,794 / (31.49 x 10^4) to the nearest whole number?Step 1: Set up the division problem in fraction formStep 2: Rewrite the problem, eliminating powers of 10: 1,530,794 / 314,900Step 3: The goal is to get a single digit to the left of the decimal in the denominator. Just rememberwhatever you do to the denominator, to do to the numerator. 1,530,794 / 314,900 = 15.30794 / 3.14900Now you have the single digit 3 to the left of the decimal in the denominatorStep 4: Focus only on the whole number parts and solve.15.30794 / 3.14900 is approx 15/3 which = 5

515. Hence Conclusion

869. Her will power is starting todwindle away

dwindle away - become less or smaller

907. His reasoning was flawed,and appeared to beindependent (to/of) anylogic

independent of

18. Homeowner's Insurance Real estate insurance protecting against loss caused by fire, some natural causes, vandalism, etc.,depending on the terms of the policy.

883. The house is beautiful andperfect except __ one thing -the price

except for

1151. How do you find the medianof a set of numbers?

arrainge #s from least to greatest and take the middle number or the average of the two middle #s

1152. How do you find the mode ofa set of numbers?

Pick the # that occurs most frequently

1150. how do you find the range ofa set of numbers?

subtract the smallest number from the greatest number

1114. How do you find the slope ofa line?

Difference in the y-coordinates over the difference in the x coodinates

1125. How do you tell if it's apermutation orcombination?

Permutations ask for "arraingements" Combinations ask for "Groups"

1157. How do you unfactor aquadratic equation?(x+2)(x+5)

FOIL X^2+7x+10

768. How to Strengthen anArgument

1) identify the conclusion, 2) personalize the argument, 3) look for weakness in the argument, 4) ifthe argument contains surveys or analogies look for an answer choice that strengthens their validity,5) remember that the correct answer can strengthen a little or a lot.

533. However Counter-Premise

19. HUD U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. This federal department is responsible for themajor housing programs in the United States, such as FHA.

138. Human Resources The department (perhaps just a single person) in a company that is in charge of personnel. Theresponsibilities of the HR department usually include hiring, discipline, training, termination, andemployee benefits.

793. I agree (to/ with) yourproposal of buyout

agree to

831. I am concerned (with/about) my brother's health

concerned about = worried about

886. I am expecting parcel __ mybrother

expect from - to be waiting for something from someone

982. I am looking at him ____ Iam studying his jacket

so much as - can mean 'but rather'

927. I am more clever than mybrother

more... than

935. I am not so much sad___perplexed

not so much X as Y

897. I am travelling from NewYork to London

from X to Y

1001. I am worried ___ my parents worried about

815. I believe John's version (as/ to be) the truth believe to be

829. I can't concieve of you (to be/ as) a scientist concieve of X as

824. I chose an interesting gift __ anniversary choose X for Y

836. I consider myself (none/ as/ to be) a close firend of therockstar

consider X Y

859. I disagree ___ you on this subject disagree with (person/ idea) - same as agree with

801. I disaprove __ the use of cheating to pass the test disapprove of

861. I discouraged them (from filing/ to file ) a complaint discourage from

988. I do not subscribe ___ the view that John is guilty subscribe to

864. I doubt (that/ whether) his venture will succeed doubt that

885. I expected better __ John expected X of Y - to anticipate that someone will dosomething

958. I have always regarded you ___ my brother regard as

807. I have got as (many/ much) books as you can many

891. I hope I do not fail (in/ on) the test fail in - you will fail in something

969. I hope that this will result ___ the police finding your car result in

944. I persuaded Tim ___ complete my assignment persuade X to Y

971. I sacrificed a lot for money __ visit Europe sacrifice to

879. I think my earlier request escaped your notice escape notice - to go unnoticed

870. I will have either ice-cream or pastry either X or Y

1003. I will have tea ____ coffee X instead of Y

986. I will speak ___ John about this problem speak with

936. I would have not tea ____ coffee not X but rather Y

853. I'm delighted (to/ at) make your acquaintance delighted to = glad to

773. Identifying Justify Question Stems 1) the stem uses the word "if" or another sufficient conditionindicator, 2) the stem uses the phrase "allows the conclusion to beproperly drawn," or "enables the conclusion to be properly drawn,"and 3) the stem does not lessen the degree of justification (100% -most justifies or does the most to justify question stems are notjustify questions)

695. If 1st

678. if Sufficient

1065. if a first object may be chosen in m ways and a secondobject may be chosen in n ways, then there are mn waysof choosing both objects

multiplication principle

1027. If a point is chosen at random within a space with anarea, volume, or length of Y and a space with a respectivearea, volume, or length of X lies within Y, the probabilityof choosing a random point within Y is the area, volume,or length of X divided by the area, volume, or length of Y.

Probability and Geometry.

393. If all of the statements above are true, which one of thefollowing must be true?

Must Be True

715. If and only if 1st and second, double arrow

389. If the information above is correct, which one of thefollowing conclusions can be properly drawn on the basisof it?

Must Be True

387. If the information above is correct, which one of thefollowing conclusions can be properly drawn?

Must Be True

1083. If the outcome of one event affects the outcome of theother event.

Dependent events:When are two events said to be dependent events?

386. If the statements above are true, each of the followingcould be true EXCEPT

Cannot Be True

367. If the statements above are true, which one of thefollowing CANNOT be true?

Cannot Be True

353. If the statements above are true, which one of thefollowing must also be true?

Must Be True

375. If the statements above are true, which one of thefollowing must be false?

Cannot Be True

1145. If you raise a negative number to an even power, whathappens to the number?

It becomes positive

1144. If you raise a negative number to an odd power, whathappens to the number?

It gets smaller

1143. If you raise a positive fraction that is less than 1 to apower, what happens to the fraction?

It gets smaller

1014. Immediately try factoring/simplifying when possible What to do with equations that have fractions

1073. Immediately UNFACTOR or vice versa When you see an equation in factored form in a question?

550. Implies conclusion

57. Impressions A customer's exposure to a product or to a specific point in the salesprocess.

528. In Addition Additional Premise

826. In Argentina, Maradona is often compared (to/with) God compared to

553. in as much as premise

536. In Contrast Counter-Premise

685. in order to Sufficient

541. In Spite Of Counter-Premise

506. In That Premise

635. In this fallacy appeal is made to the hypocrisy of the opponentfor saying one thing and for doing something different. Thishappens when in trying to show that they are not at fault, aspeaker points out that their opponent is as bad as they are.

You too fallacy (Tu Quoque)

139. Income Statement A financial report showing a company's performance over aperiod of time by subtracting expenses from revenue toobtain net income. Sometimes known as a profit and lossstatement (P&L) or earnings report.

724. Incorrect Answer 2 Dual Agreement or Dual Disagreement - incorrect answerchoices will supply statements that both speakers will agreewith, or that both speakers will disagree with.

725. Incorrect Answer 3 The View of One Speakers is Unknown - this answer onlyhas the view of one speaker known. In these instances theview of the speaker is unknown because the speaker'scomments did not address the issue in the answer choice.

656. Incorrect Answer Choices 1) Opposite Answers,2) Shell Game Answers - used to attack a conclusion that issimilar to, but slightly different from the one presented inthe stimulus, and 3) Out of Scope Answers - miss the point of the argument,and raise issues that are not related to the argument

769. Incorrect Answer Types a) opposite answers, b) shell game answers - theystrengthen an argument that is slightly different from thestimulus' argument, and c) out of scope answers

559. Incorrect Answers 1) Could be true or likely to be true,2) exaggerated answers, 3) New Information Answers, 4) The Shell Game, 5) The Opposite Answer, 6) The Reverse Answer

723. Incorrect Answers 1 Ethical vs. Factual situations - when a stimulus addressesan issue that is ethical in nature, answer choices that arefactual in nature cannot be true. The reverse is also true butrarely seen.

141. Indemnity Protection from future loss, either by repayment or apromise to not require repayment.

142. Independent Contractor A workers who is self-employed; these are either individualsor other businesses that provide needs outside of theoperations of an organization.

926. The Indian constitution is modeled ____ the Britishconstitution

modeled after

549. Indicates conclusion

757. Inference the item that must be true based on the informationpresented in the argument (a conclusion - occurs after theargument)

492. The information above mostclosely conforms to which oneof the following principles?

Strengthen PR

404. The information aboveprovides the LEAST supportfor which one of the following?

Must Be True X

587. Inherent Inferences follow from a single statement, and are inferences that are known to be true simply from therelationship between the two variables. If all A's are B's, then it must also be true that most A's are B's and some A's are B's. Since some A's are B's is reversible, then it must also be true that Some B's are A's.

323. Inscribed triangles If one of the sides of an inscribed triangle is a diameter of the circle, then the triangle must be a righttriangle. Vice versa.

322. Inscribed vs. central angles An inscribed angle has a vertex on the circle itself. An inscribed angle is equal to half of the arc it intercepts

143. Integrity Adherence to a set of professional values, where a person (or corporation) tells the truth, keeps theirpromises, and treats others fairly. See also: Ethics.

144. Intellectual Property Creative works such as designs, logos, slogans, music, writing, and ideas that have commercialvalue.

331. Intercepts of a line a point where a line interescts a coordinate axis is called an intercept. X-intercept is where the lineintersects the x-axis and y-intercept is where the line crosses the y-axis. The x-intercept is the point on the line in which y=0The y-intercept is the point on the line in which x=0. To find the x-intercept, plug in 0 for y. Do thesame technique to find the y-intercept.

140. Interest Rate The cost of borrowing money, shown as a percentage. Interest rates can be fixed (you pay the samepercentage throughout the life of the loan) or variable.

336. Intersection of Two Lines If two lines in a plane intersect in a single point, the coordinates of that point solve the equations ofBOTH lines. If two lines in a plane do not intersect, then the lines are parallel and there is no pair of numbersthat satisfies both equations at the same time.

145. Intrapreneur An entrepreneur that works inside a corporate structure, so that they can provide the same drive andenergy in turning ideas into profitable finished products through confident and researched risktaking and innovation, without having to worry about their personal funds and budget.

602. the introduction of anirrelevant point into anargument

red herring

146. Invoice An itemized bill for services rendered or products ordered. Also used as a verb to describe the act ofbilling.

555. is evidence that premise

805. Is the novel as great as is beingreported in the media?

as great as

952. Is this shirt promised __anyone?

promise to

310. Isosceles Triangles Most popular is the 90 degree:45-45-901:1: sq rt. 2x:x:x sq rt 2Important bc it is half of a square

966. It is the CEO's responsibility___ meet the assigned targets

responsibility to

968. It will be interesting to see what results ___ the police's efforts results from

838. Jack is contending (that/ with) Jerry for the award contend with - compete withsomeone

945. Jack prefers tea (to/over) coffee prefer X to Y

980. Jack works out everyday (so as to/ in order to) build his stamina in order to

810. Jacol likes to associate (with/ among) honest people associate with

911. Jeanne has inherited her complexion ___ her mother inherited from

840. Jenna is contrasting her casual jeans (with/ to) a formal top contrasing with

972. Jenny sought ____ a helper for her mother seek out

820. Jerry is capable (for/ of) great feats of strength capable of

981. Jerry is so soft-spoken ___ one can barely hear him speak so X that Y

1000. Jerry is training for six hours with the aim of winning the marathon with the aim of 'verb'ing

806. Jerry mad me as (many/ much) as fifteen mistakes in the test many

866. Jerry was drawn (to/ at) the sports car drawn to - attracted to

962. The job requires John (to/ none) supervise the entire operations of the assembly line require X to

961. The job requires that John (to/ none) supervise the entire operations of theassembly line

requires that X

811. John always associates coke (with/ to) pizza associate X with Y

795. John and Tina agree (on/ with) the need to hire a trainer agree on = agree upon

798. John cant decide (among/ between) a laptop, a mobile phone and a media player among

821. John cares a lot (of / for/ about) his family cares about = cares for

837. John contends (with/ that) his friend is innocent contends that - claim/ state

854. John demands (that he be given a raise/ for a raise) John demands that he be given araise

955. John enquired the rates ___ apple rates for

896. John forbid his driver (to enter/ from entering) the house forbid to

789. John has been (accused of/ accused with/ accused to have committed ) theft accused of

913. John has invested 6 weeks __ preparing for the test invested in

938. John has very strong opinions (on/ about) censorship opinions on

929. John is a native (of/to) the US native of - use for human

827. John is comparing a BMW (with/ to) Mercedes compare with

833. John is confirming the plan __Jack confirm with

892. John is fascinated (by/ with) his boss fascinated by

903. John is in danger of contracting malaria in danger of verb +ing

999. John is unable to decide whether__ go to Harvard or Stanford whether to

925. John mistook a Ferrari (as/ for/ to be) a Lamborghini mistake X for Y

977. John narrated the entire sequence __events to the cops sequence of

941. John permitted his son __ drive to college permit X to Y

995. John said the would (try to come/ try and come) on time try to

993. John thinks ___ Jack ___ is best friend think of X as Y

960. John wants to know whatis required (of/for) him inthis job

required of

963. John was required tosupervise the entireoperations of the assemblyline

require to

979. John's grades are so poor(as to/ in order to) lead tohis expulsion from theschool

so X as to Y - denote cause and effect cannot replace "in order to"

147. Joint Venture A partnership between two or more business entities who agree to share the investment, liability, andprofit in a specific project.

916. Just as Katy is a championswimmer, __ is Angie

Just as X, so Y (to point similarities)

771. Justify Formula Premises + Answer Choice = conclusion

774. Justify Stimuli Most Justify stimuli either use conditional reasoning or contain numbers and percentages

764. Justify the ConclusionQuestions

ask you to strengthen the argument so powerfully that the conclusion is made logical. The answer to ajustify question must strengthen the conclusion so that it is 100% proven; anything less and theanswer choice is incorrect.These answers will be sufficient to prove the conclusion when added to thepremises

1135. Key to percentincrease/decrease

amount of increase/original amount = x/100 (Then cross multiply to find x)

718. Key word indicators Action: resolve,explain, reconcile.Problem: paradox,discrepancy, contradiction, conflict, puzzle

148. Kudos Compliments, praise, or other expressions of approval. From the Greek word meaning "fame" or"renown."

950. The landlord hasprohibited John ___coming late in the night

prohibit X from Y

804. The landlord owes me anapology - he as good ascoled me a thief.

as good as = nearly

857. Language structure ispartly determined (by/from) social structure

determined by

93. Lapse The termination of an insurance policy due to the fact that a renewal premium is not paid by theconclusion of the grace period.

356. Larew and Mendotadisagree about whether

Point at Issue

263. The Last digit Shortcut When asked to find the units digit, just look at the units digit of the product. For example: What is the units digit of (7^2)(9^2)(3^3)? Step 1: 7 x 7 = 49 - Drop all except units digit - 9Step 2: 9 x 9 = 81 - Drop all except units digit - 1Step 3: 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 - Drop all except units digit - 7Step 4: 9 x 1 x 7 = 63The units digit of the final product is 3

1026. Last two digits are multipleof 4 or the number can bedivided by 2 twice.

How to check whether a number is a multiple of 4.

58. Lead A prospective customer who has shown interest in a product or service.

20. Lease An agreement by which an owner of real property gives the right of possession to another for aspecified period of time and payment.

794. Lets try to agree (upon/with) a date for the vacation

agree upon = agree on

149. Liabilities Bank loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and any other monies owed by a business toanother entity. Although liabilities show as negative amounts on a spreadsheet, having liabilitiesmany not necessarily be a negative in the financial world.

919. A life of sin will inevitablylead ___ suffering

lead to

150. Limited LiabilityCorporation (LLC)

An acronym meaning an entity formed and governed within its jurisdiction, with similarities to botha corporation and sole proprietorship.

151. Limited Partnership A business organization where the individual partners have varying degrees of input and control overdecisions, profit-sharing, and risk, usually related to the amount of money each partner has invested.

152. Line of Credit Financing offered to businesses by banks or other financial providers to help the business withshort-term financial needs. This term is often used in the real estate business, as well.

153. Liquidity The level of ease a company has in quickly generating cash by selling assets without losing value.These assets are often called "liquid assets."

781. Logical Negation ofConditional Statements

negate the necessary condition only.

755. LSAT validity what is the logical relationship of the pieces of the argument, and how well do the premises, ifaccepted, prove the conclusion. Much more important than the actual truthfulness of statements.

59. Mailing List A list of customers or prospective customers that can be used to mail announcements or productinformation.

355. The main point of theargument is that

Main Point

589. Making Formal LogicInferences Step 1

Start by looking at the ends of chains - variables that are linked in only one relationship are "open"variables and are easier to analyze

94. Managed Care An agreement among an insurer and specific suppliers to give health care at a reduction to membersof an insured group.

998. The management views theproblem (as/ to be) anopportunity

view X as Y

154. Margin A set financial boundary for pricing or yield, or the amount required as security on a loan.

61. Market Position The relative ranking of a brand, product, or company, as reflected by sales and customer recognition.

741. Market Share The proportion of a market that a company controls. The market share can be measured either interms of revenues (sales) or units sold.

21. Market Value The price that a home will get on the market, based on comparisons to similar homes that have soldrecently in the area.

1058. market value price sold for by retailer (after markup)

60. Marketing Communications All communication or media tools that a company employs to correspond with customers andprospective customers. Sometimes abbreviated to "MarComm".

62. Mass Marketing The use of any medium to sell to a wide variety of consumers at once.

802. The match has beenposponed as a result of rain

as a result of = because of

95. Maturity Date The date on which an insurer will pay the face amount of a policy to the policy owner if the insured isstill alive.

338. Maximum area ofparallelogram or triangle

Another common optimization problem involves maximizing the area of a triangle or parallelogramwith given side lengths.If you are given two sides of a triangle or parallelogram and you want to maximize the area, establishthose sides as the base and height and make the angle between them 90 degrees.

In other words, if you are given two sides of a triangle or parallelogram, you can maximize the area byplacing those two sides perpendicular to each other.

337. Maximum Area ofQuadrilateral

Question may be asked explicitly or implicitly (such as Is the area of rectangle ABCD less than 30?)Typically maximizing the area of a quadrilateral (usually a rectangle) with a fixed perimeter. Of all quadrilaterals with a given perimeter, the SQUARE has the largest area. Of all quadrilaterals with a given area, the SQUARE has the minimum perimeter.

554. May be derived from premise

775. Mechanistic Approach toSolving Justify Questions

link new elements in the premises and conclusion, and ignore elements common to both

96. Mediation A nonbinding process in which a third party attempts to settle a problem between two other parties.

97. Medicaid A United States combined federal and state public assistance program created in 1965 for people who areunable to pay for health care because of inadequate income and resources.

912. The members insisted___ the speaker beremoved from his post

insisted that

155. Merger The combining of two companies into one. Regulatory officials are likely to be part of the process.

451. The method of theargument is to

Method

1050. Minor arc = 2(inscribedangle)

Inscribed Angle, Minor Arc

732. Misconception #1 Increasing percentages automatically lead to increasing numbers. If the overall total stays the same orincreases the numbers will increase, but if the percentage increases but the corresponding numberdecreases, then the overall total must have decreased.

733. Misconception #2 Decreasing percentages automatically lead to decreasing numbers. If the percentage decreases, but thecorresponding number increases then the overall total must have increased.

734. Misconception #3 Increasing numbers automatically lead to increasing percentages. If the number increases, but thecorresponding percentage decreases, then the overall total must have increased

735. Misconception #4 Decreasing numbers automatically lead to decreasing percentages. If the number decreases, but thecorresponding percentage increases then the overall total must have decreased

736. Misconception #5 large numbers automatically mean large percentages, and small numbers automatically mean smallpercentages

737. Misconception #6 Large percentages automatically mean large numbers, and small percentages automatically mean smallnumbers

343. Mismatch Problems Just because there are 3 variables does NOT mean 3 equations are necessary. For example, if they areonly asking for one variable it may be possible to determine from only 2 equations. Follow through with the algebra to determine if the solution can be found. Be on the look out for exponents. 2 variables with 2 equations may not be solvable if there are exponentspresent. MASTER RULE for determining whether 2 equations involving 2 variables will be sufficient to solve:(1) If both of the equations are linear and there are no squared terms or xy terms, the equations will besufficient unless two equations are mathematically identical(2) If there are any non-linear terms there will USUALLY be two or more different solutions for each ofthe variables and the equations will not be sufficient.

790. Modern mobile phones can (act as/ actlike) cameras

act as

851. Monarch declared all fundamentalrights (none/ as/ to be)unconstitutional

declared (takes nothing)

991. The more the price rise, the ____ thedemand increases

the more/ greater X, the more/ greater Y

526. Moreover Additional Premise

22. Mortgage A lien on real property that is given by the buyer to the lender as a security for moneyborrowed.

23. Mortgage Broker A person or company who negotiates mortgages for another person or company in orderto receive a commission.

24. Mortgage Insurance Insurance written by an independent mortgage insurance company that protects themortgage lender against loss experienced by a mortgage default.

573. Most a majority, possibly all. To diagram simply place most between two elements, and place an arrow under the wordpointing to the second element

578. Most (Numerically) 51-100 (a majority)

574. Most are not the majority are not, possibly all are not.To diagram place the word most between two elements, place an arrow under the wordmost pointing at the second element, and negate the second element

580. Most Are Not (Numerically) 0-49

575. Most Relationship Indicators most, a majority, more than half, almost all, usually, typically

796. The motorist need aid (in finding/ tofind) their way out

aid in fining

849. The MPs debate (about/ over/ on/ for)the bill tomorrow

debate about/ on/ over - discuss in detail

928. Much as Lola needed the car, she hadno refuse

Much as

221. Multiplication with remainders You can multiply remainders as long as you correct excess remainders at the end. For example, if x has a remainder of 4 upon division by 7 and z has a remainder of 5upon division by 7, then 4 x 5 gives 20. Two additional 7's can be taken out of thisremainder, so xz will have remainder 6 upon division by 7.

266. Multiply Decimals Ignore the decimal point until the end. Just multiply the numers as if they were wholenumbers. Then count the total number of digits to the right of the decimal point in thefactors. In the factors, count all the digits to the right of the decimal point--then put that manydigits to the right of the decimal point in the productIf multiplying a very large number and a very small number, move the decimals in theopposite direction the same number of places.

1013. multiply or divide the numbers outsidethe radical signs, then the numbersinside the radical signs

How do you multiply roots together.

224. Multiply/Divide Odds& Evens

ODD x ODD = ODDEVEN x EVEN = EVEN (and divisible by 4)ODD x EVEN = EVEN

229. Multiplying & DividingSigned Number

the result will be positive if you have an EVEN number of negative numbers in the collection. The result willbe negative if you have an ODD number of negative numbers.

1133. multiplying decimals ignor decimal points and multiply the two numbers, then count the digits to the right of the decimal pointsin the original numbers and place the decimal so there are the same number of digits to the right of thedecimal

1130. Multiplying Fractions Multiply the numerators and put the product over the product of the denominators

714. Must 2nd

689. must Necessary

545. must may signal conclusion

503. Must Be That Premise

543. must be that conclusion

556. Must Be True Correct answer can be a paraphrase of part of the stimulus, or can be a logical consequence of one or more parts of the stimulus

933. My achievement is noless than hisachievement

no less ... than

817. My car is better (than/from) yours

better than

956. My friend referred me___ a specialist

refer to

978. My house is similar___ yours

similar to

920. My problem is lessserious than yours

less X than Y

858. Myopia differs fromhypermetropiaI am very differentfrom my twin sisterHer hobbies aredifferent than mine

differs/ different from

1025. n! / (n - r)! Permutations: Order Matters

668. Necessary Condition an event or circumstance whose occurence is required in order for a sufficient condition to occur. If anecessary condition occurs it is possible, but not certain that the sufficient condition will occur

670. Necessary ConditionIndicators

then, only, only if, must, required, unless, except, until, without

712. Needs 2nd

25. Negative Amortization A circumstance that occurs when a loan payment is less than the principal and interest due on a loan.

246. Negative Exponents Raising a number to a negative exponent is the same as raising the number's reciprocal to the equivalentpositive exponent

245. Nested Exponents When raising a power to a power, combne exponents by multiplying

274. Never split thedenominator

The numerator may be split, but never split the denominator.

990. The new ad for lawnmower is targeted___ gardeners

target at

561. New Information Answers To avoid incorrectly eliminating a new information answer be sure to

1) examine the scope of the argument to make sure the new information does not fallwithin the sphere of a term or concept in the stimulus,

2) examine the answers to make sure it is not a consequence of combining stimuluselements

844. Newton is credited (with the discoveryof/ as discovering / to havingdiscovered/ for discovering the laws of)gravity

credited with

156. Niche Market Marketing that focuses on a very specific category of customers within a larger market.

63. Niche Marketing Marketing that focuses on a very specific category of customers within a larger market.

271. No addition or subtraction shortcutswith fractions

1)find a common denominator2) change each fraction so that it is expressed using this common denominator3) add up the numerators only

816. No city seems better served by amotorway beltways than Madrid

better served by X than by Y

699. No=if 1st

584. Non-Reversible Relationships All, most

582. None (Numerically) 0

571. Not All Equivalent to some are not. To diagram simply place the word some between the two elements, and negate thesecond element

934. Not only is he very intelligent, ____ veryhumble

not only X but also Y

98. Notice of Loss A written notice required by insurance companies directly after an accident or otherloss, if a claim will be filed.

1067. Number is a multiple of 3 and 2 How to check whether a number is a multiple of 6

1023. the number of ways independent eventscan occur together can be determined bymultiplying together the number ofpossible outcomes for each event.

The number of ways independent events can occur together.

270. Numerator and denominator rules forpositive numbers

As numerator goes up, the fraction increases.As denominator goes up, the fraction decreases.Adding the same number to both numerator and denominator brings the fraction closerto 1 regardless of the fraction's value. If the fraction is originally smaller than 1, the fraction increases in value as itapproaches 1. if the fraction is originally larger than 1, the fraction decreases in value as it approaches1.

740. Numerical and MBT Combination Tips 1) If the stimulus contains percentage or proportion information only, avoid answersthat contain hard numbers, 2) if the stimulus contains only numerical information,avoid answers that contain percentage or proportion information, 3) if the stimuluscontains both then any answer choice with either or both may be correct

1037. Odd 2n+1, 2n+3, 2n+5

1099. odd + odd = even

1039. odd numbers only have odd factors Odd Factors

1096. odd x odd = odd

226. Odds / evens with multiple variables Approach by testing different odds/evens for each variable

1120. Odds that at least one thing will happen? Will = 1 - Won't

1119. Odds that something doesn't happen? Won't = 1 - Will

371. Of the following, which one most accuratelyexpresses the main point of the argument?

Main Point

488. On the basis of their sentiment, Logan andMendez are committed to disagreeing overwhether

Point at Issue

534. On The Other Hand Counter-Premise

440. On which one of the following assumptionsdoes the argument rely?

Assumption

709. Only 2nd

687. only Necessary

710. Only if 2nd

688. only if Necessary

711. Only when 2nd

157. Operating Income Sales revenue less the cost of sales and operating expenses. Also known asoperating profit, operating earnings, and income from operations.

563. Opposite Answer Provides an answer that is completely opposite from the stated facts in thestimulus. These appear frequently in strengthen and weaken questions

64. Opt-in In e-commerce, when a user signs up to receive e-mails about products andservices that are of interest to them; also used to refer to the mailing list itself.

1127. Order of operations PEMDAS (parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition,Subtraction)

1068. Organize into a grid. Some GMAT word problems involve groups with distinct "either/or" categories(male/female, blue collar/white collar, etc.) The key is to do what with theinformation?

158. Outsourcing Subcontracting work outside of the company, often for things that don't requirefull time staffing, such as yearly tax preparation or one-time projects.

159. Overhead Expenses incurred in the daily operation of a business such as rent, salaries, andinsurance, which are not directly related to the making of a product or a service.

510. Owing To Premise

880. Oxygen is essential (to/ for) life essential to

1091. P(E) + P(F) - P(E and F) Combined Events:E or F

1092. P(E)P(F) Combined Events:E and F

1038. P(event NOT occurring) = 1 - P(eventoccurring)

Trial Problems: look at the probability of NOT OCCURRING

1008. p/100 = is/of Percent Formula

65. Page Views The number of times an internet page is pulled up on a screen, or "viewed".

328. Parallel lines cut by atransversal

GMAT makes frequent use of diagrams that include parallel lines cut by a transversalAll acute angles (less than 90 degrees) are equalAll obtuse angles (greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees) are equalAlways be on the look out for parallel lines and extend lines and label the acute and obtuse angles.You might also label the parallel lines with arrows.

289. Parallelogram Opposite sides and opposite angles are equal

557. Paraphrased Answers Always will be correct for this answer choice. Sometimes seem too obvious, but test your ability to discern the author's exact meaning.

160. Partnership A type of business where the profits and losses are shared by each of the people involved. Rules forpartnerships vary from country to country, and from industry to industry. See also: Generalpartnership

161. Patent The legal right given to an inventor that allows them to control the use of their invention for aspecified period of time.

475. The pattern of reasoningdisplayed in the argumentabove is most closelyparalleled by that in whichone of the followingarguments?

Parallel Flaw

162. Payroll The total wages, not including benefits, paid out by a business during each fiscal year. The term "onthe payroll" means "employed by."

99. Pension A program that supplies employees with retirement income after they meet minimum age andservice obligations.

684. people who Sufficient

280. Percent Increase anddecrease

Use the percent table however adjust it for change instead of part. Change/Original = Percent/100

Also can do so with following equations:ORIGINAL x (1+% increase/100) = NEWORIGINAL x (1-% decrease/100) = NEW

277. Percent problems The key is to make them concrete by picking real numbers with which to work

286. Percent shortcuts When trying to find a more complicated percentage, break it into easy to find chunks.For example: 23% of 400: 10% of 400 is 40 therefore 20% is 2 x 40 = 80. 1% of 400 is 4 and 3% is 3x 4 or 12. Putting it together, we get 80+12=92

278. Percents as Fractions Part/Whole = Percent/100Fill in the table, set up as a proportion, cancel cross-multiply and solve

319. Perimeter of a sector The boundaries of a sector of a circle are formed by the arc and two radii (like a slice of pizza--thearc is the crust and the center of the circle is the tip of the slice). If you know the length of the radius and the central angle, you can find the perimeter of the sector

1122. Permutations: single source,order matters

Multiply the # of choices for each of the spots--but the number of choices keeps getting smaller

1123. Permutations: single source,order matters BUT only for aselection

Multiply the # of choices for each of the spots--but the number of choices keeps getting smaller, stopwhen all the places are taken

335. Perpendicular bisectors ofline segments

Forms a 90 degree angle with the segment and divides the segment in half. Has a negativereciprocal slope. In order to find a point on the perpendicular bisector, remember that it passesthrough the midpoint of the original line segment. Thus solve for the midpoint and that will provideyou a point on the line of the perpendicular bisector. Use the midpoint as a point on the line to pluginto the equation in order to find the y-intercept.

463. The phrase, "certain traits like herding ability riskbeing lost among pedigreed dogs" serves which oneof the following functions in the argument?

Method

898. A plant grows ___ a seed grow from

860. Please disclose the details to me at once disclose to - reveal

791. Please stop (acting like/ acting as) a kid acting like

722. Point at Issue Questions Feature two speaker stimuli where you are directed to choose the answerthat describes the point of disagreement between the two speakers, or toidentify a statement that the two speakers would disagree is true

974. The police continue to seek ___ the thief who stoleJohn's car

seek after

918. The police led the criminal ___ from the otheraccused.

lead away

164. Policy A guideline or plan that directs the actions taken in a company. Policiescan be very specific within a single organization, or can be global rulesthat are followed by all companies.

296. Polygons and Area Area refers to the space inside the polygon measured in square units

294. Polygons and Interior Angles Sum of Interior Angles of a polygon = (n-2) x 180Triangle has 3 sides and 180 degreesQuadrilateral has 4 sides and 360 degreesPentagon has 5 sides and 540 degreesHexagon has 6 sides and 720 degreesAnother way to find the sum is to divide the polygon into triangles

295. Polygons and perimeter Perimeter is the distance around a polygon and equals the sum of all sides

437. The position taken above presupposes which one ofthe following?

Assumption

267. Powers and Roots (0.04)^3 = 0.000064 --> (0.04)^3 has 2 places so 2 places x power of 3 =6 places in the final answer

(0.000000008) ^(1/3) = 0.002 --> (0.000000008)^(1/3) has 9 placesso 9 places /power of 3 = 3 places in the final answer

261. Powers of 10- divide by positive power of 10 Move decimal backward (left) to make the positive number smaller. For example: 4169.2 / 10^2 = 41.692 (move backwards 2 spaces)89.507 / 10 = 8.9507 (move backwards 1 space)

260. Powers of 10- multiply by positive power of 10 Move decimal forward (right) to make the positive number larger. For example: 3.9742 x 10^3 = 3974.2 (move decimal forward 3 spaces)89.507 x 10 = 895.07 (move decimal forward 1 space)Add zeros if needed: 2.57 x 10^6 = 2,570,00014.29 / 10^5 = 0.0001429

262. Powers of 10-negative powers Negative powers reverse the process. Ex: 6782.01 x 10^-3 = 6.78201 (Moving the decimal forward by negative 3spaces means moving it backward by 3 spaces)53.0447 / 10^-2 = 5304.47 (Moving the decimal backward by negative 2spaces means moving it forward by 2 spaces)

743. Premise a fact, proposition, or statement from which a conclusion is made. Toidentify ask, "What reasons has the author used to persuade me?" "Whyshould I believe this argument?"

745. Premise Indicators because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in that, given that, asindicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we know this by

100. Premium The cost of an insurance policy, usually paid monthly.

163. Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E) The market value of a company's stock divided by the company'snet income.

756. Primary Objective #3 If the stimulus contains an argument, determine whether theargument is strong or weak. Ask yourself - do the given factssupport the conclusion?

759. Primary Objective #4 Read closely and know precisely what the author said. Do notgeneralize!

742. Primary Objective 1 Determine whether the stimulus contains an argument or if it isonly a set of factual statements

747. Primary Objective 2 If the stimulus contains an argument, identify the conclusion ofthe argument. If the stimulus contains a fact set, examine eachfact.

217. Prime Factorization Factors the prime factorization of a perfect square contains only evenpowers of primes. Vice versa.

165. Prime Rate The interest rates that banks charge to their most creditworthycustomers. The prime rate is an important reference number,because loans to all other customers are connected to it on apercentage basis.

1017. Principal (1 + interest/number times compounded)^(t)(n) Compound interest formula

1007. principle (interest rate - in decimal form) (time - in years) Simple Interest formula (remember this is only the interestearned, not the total amount of money present in the bank afterinterest earned)

499. The principle above conforms most to which of thefollowing?

Strengthen PR

491. The principle above, if established, would justify which oneof the following judgments?

Must PR

973. The prisoner seeks pardon ___ the victim seek from

26. Private Mortgage Insurance/P.M.I. Insurance that is part of a mortgage contract to protect thelender.

166. Privatization The process of releasing a government owned and operatedbusiness to the private sector.

167. Privilege Advantage gained by title, position, or relationship.

168. Probability The measurement and likeliness of an event to occur.

761. Probability Indicators another area test makers test your reading skills. Expect to betested on how closely you are reading if you see the following:must, will, always, not always, probably, likely, should, would,not necessarily, could, rarely, never

1084. The probability of an event occurring plus the probability ofthe event not occurring = 1

2nd Rule of Probability:P(E) = 1 - P(not E)

1064. the probability of event A AND event B occurring is theprobability of event A times the probability of event B, giventhat A has already occurred.

3rd Rule of Probability:Conditional Probability

1093. The probability of event A occurring is the number ofoutcomes that result in A divided by the total number ofpossible outcomes.

1st Rule of Probability:Basic Rule is what?

1024. The probability of event A OR B occurring is the probabilityof event A occurring plus the probability of event Boccurring minus the probability of both events occurring.P(A or B) = P(A) +P(B) - P(A and B)

4th rule of Probability

1117. Probability that A and B will both happen? A*B (Multiply both probabilities)

1118. Probability that A or B will happen? A+B (Add both probabilities)

1121. Problem that asks you to choose a # of itemsto fill specific spots, when each spot is filledfrom a different source?

Multiply the # of choices for each of the spots

66. Product Placement Showing a product in a popular television show or movie to entice the viewer towant to buy the product.

239. Products of Consecutive Integers andDivisibility

the product of n consecutive integers is divisible by n!

169. Professionalism Having the knowledge, ethical standards, regulation compliance, and concern forprimary stakeholders and customers.

170. Profit & Loss Statement (P&L) A financial report that details a company's performance over a specific period oftime by subtracting expenses from revenue to obtain net income; also known as anincome statement.

234. Properties of Evenly Spaced Sets (1) Mean and the median are equal, (2) mean and median of the set are equal to theaverage of the FIRST and LAST terms, (3)the sum of the elements in the set equalsthe arithmetic mean x number of items in set

326. Properties of Intersecting Lines (1) Interior angles formed by intersecting lines form a circle so the su, of the anglesis 360 degrees(2) Interior angles that combine to form a line sum to 180 degrees(3) Angles found opposite each other where these two lines intersect are equal--vertical angles

213. Property of GCF and LCM (GCF of m and n) x (LCM of m and n) = m x n

214. Property of GCF and LCM The GCF of m and n cannot be larger than the difference between m and n. For exmaple, assume the GCF of m and n is 12. Thus m and n are both multiples of12. Consecutive multiples of 12 are 12 units apart on the number line and thereforecannot be less than 12 units apart

215. Property of GCF-consecutive multiples have a GCF of n.For example, 8 and 12 are consecutive multiples of 4. Thus 4 is a common factor ofboth numbers. But 8 and 12 are exactly 4 units apart. Thus 4 is the greatestpossible common factor of 8 and 12

171. Proposal A plan or offer coming from a seller to a buyer, giving the details that the buyer willneed to make a decision.

172. Proprietary Privately owned and controlled. This can refer to a property, concept or process.The owner is given with exclusive rights.

173. Prospectus A formal proposal that contains a specific plan for a security or stock offering,designed to attract investors.

174. Public Relations The process by which a company communicates with its stakeholders andinvestors, and with the public. Used to maintain a decent public image.

1057. Purchase price price purchased for by wholesaler

306. Pythagorean Theorem A right triangle (with a 90 degree angle) is composed of two legs and a hypotenuse(side opposite the right angle). The sum of the square of two legs equals the square of the hypotenuse. a^2 + b^2 = c^2

1107. Pythagorean Triples (lengths)? 3:4:5 -- 5:12:13 -- 7:24:25

288. Quadrilaterals four sided shapestrapezoids, parallelograms and special parallelograms such as rhombuses,rectangles and squares

175. Quant Colloquialism for a quantitative analyst, someone who does numerical analysis topredict market action.

176. Quantitative Analyst A person who is responsible for analyzing financial data and identifying trends thatcan be useful for other efforts in the business.

760. Quantity Indicators Where makers try to get you to screw up - examples: all, every, most, many, some,several, few, sole, only, not all, none

717. Question Stem Features 1) an indication that the answer choices should be accepted as true,2) key words that indicate your task is to resolve a problem

728. Question Type Characteristics Combination of seconds and third family- 1) the information in the stimulus is suspect, so you should search for thereasoning error present, 2) the answer choices are accepted as given even if they contain "new" information.Your task is to determine which answer choice best helps determine the validity ofthe argument

467. A questionable aspect of the reasoningabove is that it

Flaw

476. The questionable reasoning in the argumentabove is most closely paralleled by that inwhich one of the following?

Parallel Flaw

177. Queue A group of events waiting to occur in order.

904. Rampant cutting of trees is a danger toecology

danger to + noun

219. Range of possible remainders When you divide an integer by 7, the remainder could be any number between 0 and6 inclusive. Notice that you cannot have a negative remainder or remainders largerthan 7. There are exactly 7 possible remainders.

27. Real Estate Also called "real property," it is land and anything permanently attached to theland, such as buildings, fences and items that are attached to the buildings.

28. Real Estate Broker A middleman or agent who purchase and puts up for sale real estate for a company,firm or individual in order to receive a commission.

29. Realtor The term for a professional real estate broker who is a member of a nationalassociation of realtors and who follows its rules and regulations.

466. The reasoning above is flawed because itfails to recognize that

Flaw

468. The reasoning in the argument is fallaciousbecause the argument

Flaw

465. The reasoning in the argument is mostvulnerable to criticism on the ground thatthe argument

Flaw

416. The reasoning in the argument is mostvulnerable to criticism on the grounds thatthe argument

Flaw

364. The reasoning in the astronomer'sargument is flawed because this argument

Flaw

178. Receipts A generic term for cash coming in, ranging from one invoice to the wholecompany's payments received over a certain period.

179. Recession A period of time when economic activity is on the decline.

290. Rectangle All angles are 90 degrees and opposite sides are equal

628. repeating a message loudly and very often inthe hope that it will soon be believed

repetition

269. Repeating Decimals divide any number by 9 and it becomes a repeating decimal. For example: 4/9 = 0.44444444 forever. 3/11 = 27/99 = 0.272727272727 forever

225. Representing Evens and OddsAlgebraically

Even numbers can be written as 2nOdd numbers can be written as 2n+1 or 2n-1

690. required Necessary

713. Requires 2nd

67. Retention The ability to keep repeat customers buying your product or services.

180. Return On Assets ROA Net income for a specific time divided by total assets, often used to measure profitability.

181. Return on Investment ROI Net value of a specific asset divided by the amount of capital invested in that asset. ROI is also ageneral way of referring to the overall value of any effort or campaign, in the sense of whether ornot the effort was "worth it."

182. Revenue Total income received for goods or services during a specific period. Also known as sales or salesrevenue.

564. Reverse Answer Contains familiar elements from the stimulus, but rearranges those elements to create a new,unsupported statement.

583. Reversible Relationships none, some, double arrow

292. Rhombus All sides are equal. Opposite angles are equal.

1108. Right Isosceles triangle(lengths)?

Side, Side, Side^2

835. Rising temperatures is aconsequence (of/ for) globalwarming

consequence of = result of

183. Risk The potential negative result of an event, activity, or action.

930. The Royal Bengal Tiger isnative (of/to) the Sunderbans

native to - use for plants or animal species

884. The ruler is expected (to/ thathe should) protect his people

expected to

1153. Rules for "Plugging in" forcosmic problems

1)Pick numbers that make sense for the variable in the problem 2)Find an answer using thosenumbers to get the "target answer" 3)plug your #s into the answer choices to see which choiceequals the target answer

1154. Rules for "Plugging in" theanswer choices

1)Start with choice "c" plug that into the problem to see if it works 2)If "c" is to small go larger 3) if"c" is too big try smaller 4)If you don't know try them all

588. Rules of Diagram Creation 1) Always combine like terms. Each variable should appear only one time, 2) There is no traditional direction in logic

924. The rules of war mandate ___no prisoner be tortured forinformation

mandate that

652. Rules of Weaken Questions 1) identify, isolate, and assess the premises and conclusion of the argument2) Focus on the conclusion. Almost all correct weaken answer choices impact the conclusion. 3) The information in the stimulus is suspect4) Weaken questions often yield strong prephases5) The answer choices are accepted as given, even if they include "new" information.

460. Ruth responds to Jorge'scriticism by

Method

1062. s Sq. rt (x^r) x^r/s = ?

347. Same base or same exponent In problems that involve exponential expressions on BOTH sides or the equation, it is best toREWRITE the bases so that either the same base or the same exponent appears on both sides of theexponential equation. Be careful however if 0,1, or -1 is the base since the outcome of raising those bases to powers is notunique.

937. The scientists noted ___ theaspect ratio remainedunchanged

noted that

762. Scope of the Argument the range to which the premises and conclusion encompass certain ideas. Can be used to helpeliminate some answer choices - is the answer choice outside of the scope that the author'sargument established

351. Sequences and Rules Sometimes a rule is too difficult, one can also look for patterns and apply those patterns.

184. Service Mark A logo, image, or other icon that identifies a service rather than a tangible product.

905. She began taking classes inorder (to/ that she could)learn French

in order to

943. She would permit not permitme up the ladder

permit up

985. Sheena wants to speak ___ forthe rights of the homeless

speak up

562. The Shell Game an idea or concept is raised in the stimulus, and then a very similar idea appears in the answerchoice, but the idea is changed just enough to be incorrect but still attractive.

547. Should may signal conclusion

521. Shows That Conclusion

305. Sides of a triangle The sum of any two sides of a triangle must be GREATER THAN the third side. If you are given twosides of a triangle, the length of the third side must lie between the difference and the sum of the twogiven sides.

253. Signs of Square Roots Even roots only have a positive value. A root can only have a negative value if (1) it is an odd rootand (2) the base of the root is negative

314. Similar Triangles triangles with equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. If 2 triangles have2 pairs of equal angles you know they are similar triangles. If two similar triangles have corresponding side lengths in ratio of a:b, then their areas will be inratio a^2:b^2--this holds true for any similar figures. For similar solids with corresponding sides in ratio a:b, their volumes will be in ratio a^3:b^3

256. Simplifying Roots with PrimeFactorization

1) Factor the number under the radical sign into primes2) Pull out any pair of matching primes from under the randical sign, place one of them outside theroot3) Consolidate the expression

254. Simplifying Square Roots You may only seperate or combine the product or quotient of two roots. You cannot seperate orcombine the sum or difference of two roots

342. Simultaneous Equations:solving by combination

Add or subtract the two equations to eliminate one of the variables. Use whenever it is easy to manipulate the equation so that the coefficients for one variable are theSAME or OPPOSITE.

341. Simultaneous Equations:solving by substitution

Use substitution whenever one variable can be easily expressed in terms of the other.

501. Since Premise

662. Situations that Lead to Errorsin Causality

1) one event occurs before another - and they take this to mean one is cause and another effect, 2) two or more events occur at the same time - and people assume that they cause eachother

329. Slope of a line rise/run or change in y/change in x

332. Slope-intercept equations y=mx+bm represents the slope of the line and b represents the y-intercept of the line. Vertical lines take the form x=some numberHorizontal lines take the form y=some numberLinear equations take the shape Ax+By=C and never have sq. roots, squares or xy.

518. So Conclusion

185. Sole Proprietorship A unincorporated business that is owned and managed by one person.

1155. The solvability rule You must have at least as many distinct equations as you have variables

186. Solvency A company's ability to pay its creditors when funds are due. The opposite of solvencyis insolvency.

569. Some at least one, possibly all. To diagram simply place the word some between the two elements

581. Some (Numerically) 1-100 (at least one)

570. Some Are Not At least one is not, possibly all are not. Example: Some Xs are not Ys. To diagram simply place the word some between the two elements, and negate thesecond element

579. Some Are Not (Numerically) 0-99 (also known as not all)

585. Some Are Not Reversibility Can be reversed, but must be very careful.The reversed "Some A's are not B's," reads as "Some things that are not B's are A's"

940. Some of our customs originate (in/ from)past belief

originate from

572. Some Relationship Indicators some, at least some,at least one, few, a number, several, part of, a portion

609. something taken for granted, or acceptedas true without proof

assumption

68. Spin An attempt to influence how news or events are shown in the media through cleverpublic relations.

291. Square All angles are 90 degrees and all sides are equal

187. Stakeholder Anyone who has a stake (a financial interest or investment) in a business.Customers, stockholders, and governments may be stakeholders.

257. Stategies to solve data sufficiency -rephrase

Rephrase: take the given information and reduce to its simplest form then focus onhow the piece of info relates to the question

395. The statements above, if true, most stronglysupport which of the following?

Must Be True

380. The statements above, if true, most stronglysupport which one of the following?

Must Be True

590. Step 2 The vast majority of additive inferences require either an all or none statementsomewhere in the chain

591. Step 3 When looking to make inferences, do not start with a variable involved in a double-not arrow relationship and then try to "go across" the double not-arrow

592. Step 4 To make an inference with a variable involved in a "some" relationship, an arrow leading away fromthe "some" relationship is required. When making these inferences consider two elements: a) theweakest link in the chain, and b) the presence of relevant negativity

593. Step 5 The "Most" Train - works very similarly to the step above, but produces stronger inferences. Thecritical difference is that because most has direction, you can only follow the most arrow to make amost inference. If you go "against" the arrow, the relationship will devolve to "some," which is aninherent inference.

594. Step 6 Arrows and Double Not Arrows - any combination of an arrow and a double-not arrow in successionwill yield an inference (although inherent inferences may be needed to make the inference)

595. Step 7 Use inherent inferences. Don't forget to use "some" to go "against" an all or most arrow and makeinferences accordingly

596. Step 8 Watch for the relevant negativity - this means that either the first or last term is negated, or there is adouble not arrow in the chain

597. Step 9 Some and Most Combinations - in general two consecutive somes or two consecutive mosts, or a someand a most will not yield an inference. The only exception to this rule is when there is middle variablethat has two most trains leading away from it. at this point you can conclude that some of the one endof one most train is some of the other end of the other most train.

598. Step 10 Analyzing compound statements - recycle your inferences to see if they can be used to create furtherinferences, and make sure to check the closed variables for additional inference possibilities

599. Step 11 Once an inference bridge is built, it does not need to be made again. If an inference can be made fromone side of the relationship, that is enough to establish the inference even if the inference cannot bemade from the other side.

333. Step by Step from 2 points ona line

1: Find slope by calculating rise over run (if only one point and y-int are given, use y-int as a point(0,y)2: Plug the slop into the equation3: Use the given point to plug in for the values of y and x to find b4: Write the complete equation

539. Still Counter-Premise

188. Stimulus An action that has an impact or influence. In financial terms, this frequently means an investment ofmoney or a change of rules that is designed to increase economic activity.

716. Stimulus Features 1) No conclusion - the author is not attempting to persuade you, just presenting two contradictory setsof facts, 2) language of contradiction (i.e. but, however, yet, although, paradoxically, surprisingly)

258. Strategy for solving datasufficiency- type of problem

Is it a value question or a yes/no question? Never turn a yes/no question into a value question

259. Strategy for solving datasufficiency-test numbers

For a value question, try to find multiple answers. For a yes/no question try to find a maybe.Be sure to try a positive, negative, integera and fractional number unless explicitly told otherwise.

766. Strengthen Indicators Strengthen, support, helps, most justifies

767. Strengthen Question StemFeatures

1) The stem uses the word strengthen or a synonym, 2) the stem indicates that you should accept theanswer choices as true

763. Strengthen Questions ask you to support the argument in any way possible. This type of answer has great range, as theadditional support provided by the answer choice could be relatively minor or major. Speaking innumerical terms, any answer choice that strengthens the argument, either by 1% or by 100%, iscorrect

472. The structure of thereasoning in the argumentabove is most parallel to thatin which one of thefollowing?

Parallel

953. The students' marks range___ good ___ average

range from X to Y

908. Studies indicate___womenactually live longer than men

indicate that

189. Subcontractor A company or individual that, as a non-employee, provides products or services to a contractor tohelp fulfill their contract.

244. Subtracting Exponents When dividing two terms with the same base, combine exponents by subtracting

281. Successive Percents Best to solve by choosing real numbers and seeing what happens-- 100 is usually the easiest number

379. Sue challenges Anne'sreasoning by

Method

667. Sufficient Condition An event or circumstance whose occurence indicates that a necessary condition must also occur. If asufficient condition occurs, you automatically know that the necessary condition also occurs

669. Sufficient ConditionIndicators

if, when, whenever, every, all, any, people who, in order to.

548. Suggests conclusion

1072. sum = (average)(number ofterms)

Sum of consecutive numbers

237. Sum of Consecutive Integers (1) Average the first and last term to find the middle of the set(2) Count the number of terms(3) Multiply the middle term by the number of terms to find the set

251. Sum of consecutive integersand divisibility

For any set of consecutive integers with an ODD number of items, the sum of all the integers isalways a multiple of the number of items. For example: 4+5+6+7+8= 30 which is a multiple of 5For any set of consecutive integers with an EVEN number of items, the sum of all the integers isnever a multiple of the number of items.

1088. Sum of digits is multiple of 3 How to check whether a number is a multiple of 3.

1089. Sum of digits is multiple of 3,last two digits multiple of 4.

How to check whether a number is a multiple of 12.

1021. Sum of digits is multiple of 9 How to check whether number is multiple of 9

227. Sum of two primes Unless one of the numbers is 2, it will result in an even number

240. Sums of Consecutive Integersand Divisibility

The sum of n consecutive integers is divisible by n if n is odd, but it is NOT divisible by n if n is even

190. Supplier Any vendor that provides a business with materials that it needs to operate.

778. Supporter Role one of two roles assumptions can play - a linking role, where an assumption connects the pieces ofthe argument (the premises to the conclusion). This role is fairly similar to Justify questions

551. Suppose premise

302. Surface Area Find the sum of all the faces. Find the area of each face

30. Tax Sale The auctioning and sale of real estate for which the owner has not paid property taxes.

890. The teacher failed half of theclass (in/ on) the test

fail on - somebody will fail you on something

845. The team credits its ownsuccess (to/ with) goodfortune

credit to

828. The team is composed (from/ of) people (of/ from) every department Composed of

855. The team's success is dependent (upon/ on) him dependent on

626. the technique invites us to jump on the bandwagon and do what everybodyelse is doing. this technique pressures us to do something just because manyother people like us are doing it

bandwagon

69. Telemarketing Selling a product or service by usingtelephone contact with the potentialcustomer.

846. Telenet gave Tim a credit (of / for) $100 because of an interruption in service credit for

268. Teminating Decimals Only have prime factors of 2's and 5's. If thereare other prime factors, it is not a terminatingdecimal.

1002. The temperature outside is high enough to cause a heat stroke enough to

191. Tenacity Persistent determination. Someone whoexhibits tenacity may be hard to change froma certain point of view, and will not give upeasily.

101. Term Life Insurance A type of life insurance that protects theinsured person for a certain amount of time;the "term" that is stated in the policy.

708. Then 2nd

686. then Necessary

862. There is a dispute ___ the new name of the city dispute over

834. There is no connection between Tim and Larry connection between X and Y

983. There was not _____ a speck of dust in the house so much as = even

514. Therefore Conclusion

878. The thief has escaped ___ the prison escape from

640. This argument goes that because something is natural, it must be better. Appeal To Nature

511. This Can Be Seen From Premise

992. This color looks the same to me ___ it would ___ anyone else the same to X as to Y

799. This dish appears __ undercooked appear to be

632. This fallacy involves a claim that what is true about a collection or group as awhole is necessarily true about each element of the group.

Division

637. This fallacy is committed when pity (or similar sentiment) is appealed to forthe sake of getting a conclusion accepted, where such sentiments areirrelevant. The conclusion is concerned more correctly with a matter of fact.

Appeal To Pity (Ad Misericordiam)

631. This fallacy occurs when a claim that what is true about each element ormember of a group will therefore be true about the group as a whole.

Composition

636. This fallacy occurs when a person appeals to the opinion of some respectedor famous person/group to when that person's authority is outside the pointat issue.

Appeal To Wrong Authority (AdVerecundiam)

634. This fallacy occurs when a person treats a dependent event as if it were anindependent event, that is, when mathematics is applied to events that arenot mathematical.

Misuse of the law of averages

644. This fallacy occurs when a question is asked in such a way as to presuppose the truth of someassumption buried in the question. A) Loaded questions Here the wording of the question limits theresponder to an answer of yes or no hence admitting or denying the assumption in the question. B)Limited alternatives Here the nature of the question is such that the response of the person providesthem with only limited choice in the way they can respond

ComplexQuestion

630. This fallacy occurs when an analogy is used, but there is a relevant weakness in the two things beingcompared.

The Fallacy ofFaulty Analogy

638. This fallacy occurs when an appeal is made to force, threat, or to undesirable consequences in orderto coerce acceptance of a conclusion. It is argued that a certain viewpoint is correct becauseotherwise some deliberate harm will be done to the other person.

Appeal To Force(Ad Baculum)

643. This fallacy occurs when an arguer assumes to be true what they are actually seeking to prove is true.It occurs when somehow the conclusion has already been assumed in the premises.

Circular/BeggingThe Question(Petitio Principii)

645. This fallacy occurs when one treats as the cause of a thing what is not really the cause of that thing,or more generally, when one blunders in reasoning that is based upon two events affecting eachother. It is often seen when it is assumed that just because A precedes B then A must definitely havecaused B.

False Cause (PostHoc Ergo PropterHoc)

633. This fallacy occurs when someone argues from an average characteristic to an individualcharacteristic or vice versa.

Fallacy of CentralTendency

989. This group includes such cars ___ BMW ____ Audi such X as Y and Z

646. This is a form of strawman argument and is committed by someone who deliberately assumes anexaggerated position for his opponent.

Black And WhiteThinking

786. This is a real life instnace__ plagiarism instance of

814. This movie is base __ a true story based on

641. This occurs when an appeal to emotions is made, and it is irrelevant. Illicit Appeal ToFeelings

642. This occurs when something is compared to another situation when the comparison is irrelevant. Appeal ToRelativity

629. This occurs when the evidence (or sample) is not representative of the whole population but it isused as it is.

The Fallacy ofBiased Sampling

964. This resembles chocolate ice cream ___ flavor, but not in consistency resemble in

830. This topic is concerned (with/ about) the use of DNA sequencing concerned with

513. Thus Conclusion

839. Tim has been asked to continue __ his training continue with

812. Tim is attending __ his sick mother attend to

850. Tina decided ___ the chocolate flavored ice-cream decide on - select

1085. To find the number of distinct permutations of a set of items with indistinguishable ("repeat")items, divide the factorial of the items in the set by the product of the factorials of the number ofindistinguishable elements.

Indistinguishableevents how tofind the numberof permutations

616. to make broad comments about a group of people or kinds of things generalization

895. Tom is trying to focus (on/ at) the problem at had focus on

872. Tom was elected (to/ for) the office by the party members elect to

1047. Total = mean x (number of terms)Number deleted = (original total) - (new total)Number added = (new total) - (original total)

Number added ordeleted

1043. the total amount before any deductions Gross

192. Trademark A registered distinctive name, image, and/or logo that represents a product, and which is generally found on theproduct itself, and the packaging. Use of the trademark is controlled by the trademark owner, who has legalprotections at both national and international levels.

193. Transition The interim situation during a change of process, ownership, or other factor.

293. Trapezoid One pair of opposite sides is parallel

954. These trees range____ a very largeterritory

range over

1166. Two fractions thatequal each otherwith one variablehow do you solvefor x?

Cross multiply

566. Two IncorrectAnswer Types

1) answers that are true but that do not encapsulate the author's point,2) answers that repeat premises of the argument

330. Types of slopes Think of slope as walking from left to right. If you walk along a line with a positive slope, you would walk up. A horizonal line has a zero slope and a vertical line has an undefined slope

1162. Unfactor (x-y)^2 x^2-2xy+y^2

1160. Unfactor (x+y)(x-y)

x^2-y^2

1158. Unfactor (x+y)^2 x^2+2xy+y^2

691. unless Necessary

671. Unless Equation 1) Whatever term is modified by "unless," "except," "until," or "without" becomes the necessary condition.2) The remaining term is negated and becomes the sufficient condition

698. Unless=if not 1st

997. Unlike John,(Tom wrote a goodessay/ Tom'sessay was good)

Unlike X, Y

194. Unsolicited Not by request, and often unwelcome or uninvited.

276. UnspecifiedNumber Amounts

Use Smart numbers. To make computation easier, choose numbers equal to common multiples of thedenominators of the fraction in the problem.

705. Until 1st

693. until Necessary

70. Up-Sell A way to get customers to buy upgraded products when they were intending to purchase a less expensive product.

967. The US hasimposedrestrictions ___the licensing offirearms

restrictions on

195. Valuation An estimated value for a piece of property prepared by a professional registered entity.

730. Variance Test consists of supplying two polar opposite responses to the question posed in the answer choice and thenanalyzing how the varying responses affect the conclusion in the stimulus. If the different responses producedifferent effects on the conclusion, then the answer choice is correct. If different responses do not producedifferent effects, then the answer choice is incorrect. One response should strengthen the argument and oneshould weaken the argument.

196. Venture Capital A form of financing provided by investors to help new businesses grow. A venture capitalist usually receives asubstantial portion of the business' equity in return for the capital investment.

197. Vision Not just what most highly effective leaders see as their strategy for future success, butwhat, how and why they see it happening.

303. Volume the amount of stuff a shape can holdVolume = Length x Width x Heightessentially it is equal to the area of the base multiplied by the heightRemember when fitting 3D objects into other 3D opjects, knowing the volumes is notenough. We must know the specific dimensions (length, width and height) of the objectto determine whether it will fit

825. Walter claimes __ he can runbackwards

claims that

199. Waybill A document detailing the specifics of a shipment, including shipper, receiver, routes,contents, and more.

797. We allowed room __ improvementwhen we wrote this book

allowed for

813. We attribute our success (to/ from)good fortune

attribute to

843. We can count __John's to compete theproject

count on

823. We choose him (as/ to be) ourrepresentative

chosee as

932. We could neither walk (nor/ or) driveto the venue

neither X nor Y

875. We encouraged Mary __ develop hersinging talents

encouraged X to Y

876. We encouraged Mary __ her singingcareer

encourage in

915. We isolated the chemicals___thesource of the leak

isolated from

512. We Know This By Premise

544. we see that conclusion

653. Weaken Features 1) The stem uses "weaken" or a synonym, 2) The stem indicates you should accept the answer choices as true

651. Weaken Questions require you to select the answer choice that undermines the author's argument asdecisively as possible. Shows the conclusion fails to account for some element orpossibility

657. Weakening a Conditional Conclusion attack the necessary condition by showing that the necessary condition does not need tooccur in order for the sufficient condition to occur. This can be achieved by presenting a counter example, or by presenting information thatshows that the sufficient condition can occur without the necessary condition.

873. the weakest candidate emerged (as/ tobe) the winner

emerged as

198. Weighted Average Cost of Capital(WACC)

The formula used to determine the amount of money required for a company to pay off allof its debt, using existing assets.

1156. What happens if you multiply ordivide both sides of an inequality by anegative number?

The direction of the inequality symbol changes

1126. What is the difference between apermutation or a combination?

Combinations don't care about the order of the problems

340. What the discriminant tells you (1) If positive-->sq. root yields a positie number and itproduces 2 roots (2 x-intercepts)

(2) If it equals zero, sq. root yields zero. Only produces 1root and the parabola has just 1 x-intercept

(3) If negative-->sq. root cannot be performed andproduces no roots, no x-intercepts

529. What's More Additional Premise

700. When 1st

679. when Sufficient

639. When an arguer claims that a conclusion is true, because ithasn't been proven false, rather than providing evidence for theclaim.

Appeal To Ignorance (Ad Ignorantiam)

1101. When is a number divisible by 3? if the sum of its can be divided evenly by 3 (216, is because2+1+6 is divisible by 3)

1102. When is a number divisible by 4? if the number formed by it's last 2 digits is divisible by 4(3,028 is because 28 is divisible by 4)

1103. When is a number divisible by 6? if it is divisible by both 2 and 3 (318 is because it is evenand the sum of 3+1+8 is divisible by 3)

627. when nothing more than a time limit is given as a reason for youto do what someone wants

exigency

612. when someone asks two questions, but one is hidden behind theother

loaded question

615. when someone asserts that we must choose between two things,when in fact we have more than two alternatives

either-or

624. when someone makes you fear the consequences of not doingwhat he wants

appeal to fear

623. when someone plays with our emotions in a way designed tomake us agree with them without thinking through the mattercarefully

manipulative propaganda

625. when someone tries to make us do something only because wepity him, or we pity something associated with him

appeal to pity

613. when someone tries to say that what is true of part of somethingmust also be true of the whole thing together

part-to-whole

614. when someone tries to say that what is true of something as awhole must also be true of each of its parts

whole-to-part

619. when the differences in the items being compared are major andthe similarities minor

weak analogy

250. When to Simplify Eponential Expressions (1) You can only simplify expressions that are linked bymultiplication or division (not addition or subtraction)(2) You can simplify expressions linked by multiplicationor division if they have either a base or an exponent incommon

287. When to try plugging in numbers 1) variables in the answer choices2) percents in the answer choices (when they are percentsof some unspecified amount)3)Fractions or ratios in teh answer choices (when they arefractional parts or ratios of unspecified amounts)

283. When to use Fractions vs. decimals Fractions are good for cancelling factors inmultiplications or expressing proportions that do not haveclean decimal equivalents. Decimals are good for estimating results or for comparingsizes.Prefer fractions for doing multiplication/division butprefer decimals and percents for doing addition orsubtraction, estimating numbers or comparing numbers

601. when we are forming an opinion on an issue, it is often a good ideato collect other people's viewpoints on the issue; the moreviewpoints, the better we understand the whole picture

opposing viewpoints

607. when we claim that our viewpoint is correct because many otherpeople agree with it

Appeal To Popular Opinion (Ad Populum)

701. Whenever 1st

680. whenever Sufficient

540. Whereas Counter-Premise

477. Which one fo the following arguments exhibits flawed reasoningmost similar to that exhibited by the argument above?

Parallel Flaw

479. Which one of the following arguments has a flawed pattern ofreasoning most like the flawed reasoning in the argument above?

Parallel Flaw

471. Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its logicalfeatures to the argument above?

Parallel

365. Which one of the following arguments is most similar in itspattern of reasoning to the argument above?

Parallel

388. Which one of the following can be inferred from the statementabove?

Must Be True

394. Which one of the following can be logically inferred from thepassage?

Must Be True

369. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Rosen'sstatement?

Must Be True

354. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from thepassage?

Must Be True

397. Which one of the following conclusions is most strongly supportedby the information above?

Must Be True

363. Which one of the following describes the technique of reasoningused above?

Method

423. Which one of the following discoveries, if it were made, wouldmost support the above hypothesis about South America andAfrica?

Strengthen

473. Which one of the following exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoningmost similar to that in the argument above?

Parallel Flaw

470. Which one of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning mostsimilar to that exhibited by the argument above?

Parallel

480. Which one of the following exhibits both of the logical flawsexhibited by the argument above?

Parallel Flaw

398. Which one of the following inferences is most strongly supportedby the information above?

Must Be True

392. Which one of the following inferences is most supported by theinformation above?

Must Be True

454. Which one of the following is an argumentative strategy employed in the argument? Method

442. Which one of the following is an assumption on which Barnes's argument depends? Assumption

441. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the columnist's argument depends? Assumption

357. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Assumption

439. Which one of the following is an assumption that the art historian's argument requires in order for itsconclusion to be properly drawn?

Assumption

430. Which one of the following is an assumption that would serve to justify the conclusion above? Justify

433. Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends? Assumption

469. Which one of the following is most closely parallel in its reasoning to the reasoning in the argumentabove?

Parallel

390. Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above? Must Be True

391. Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true? Must Be True

490. Which one of the following judgments best illustrates the principle illustrated by the argument above? Must PR

489. Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle above? Must PR

396. Which one of the following logically follows from the statements above? Must Be True

498. Which one of the following most accurately conforms to the principle above? Must PR

464. Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning? Flaw

457. Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Jane's argument andMark's argument?

Method

461. Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statementthat zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?

Method

459. Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the psychologist's argument bythe claim that the obligation to express gratitude cannot be fulfilled anonymously?

Method

402. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion of the argument? Main Point

401. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion of the journalist's argument? Main Point

399. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the argument? Main Point

485. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the point at issue between Ted and Mary? Point at Issue

493. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the principle underlying the argumentationabove?

Justify PR

486. Which one of the following most accurately represents what is at issue between Jorge and Ruth? Point at Issue

400. Which one of the following most accurately restates the main point of the passage? Main Point

405. Which one of the following most logically completes the argument? Main Point

403. Which one of the following most logically completes the passage Main Point(fill in theblank)

495. Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above? Strengthen PR

496. Which one of the following propositions most helps to justify the reasoning above? Strengthen PR

414. Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the speaker's argument? Weaken

482. Which one of the following would be most important to know in evaluating the hypothesis in thepassage?

Evaluate

484. Which one of the following would it be most helpful to know in order to judge whether what the scientistsubsequently learned calls into question the hypothesis?

Evaluate

483. Which one of the following would it be most relevant to investigate in evaluating the conclusion of George'sargument?

Evaluate

383. Which one of the following, if all of them are true is LEAST helpful in establishing that the conclusion aboveis properly drawn?

StrengthenX

358. Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Justify

429. Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the argument's conclusion to be properly inferred? Justify

377. Which one of the following, if assumed, would allow the conclusion to be properly drawn? Justify

408. Which one of the following, if shown to be a realistic possibility, would undermine the argument? Weaken

413. Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion above? Weaken

410. Which one of the following, if true, could be used by Cora to counter Bernard's rejection of her explanation? Weaken

419. Which one of the following, if true, does most to justify the conclusion above? Strengthen

385. Which one of the following, if true, does NOT help to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the safetyreport and the city's public safety record?

Resolve X

428. Which one of the following, if true, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn? Justify

411. Which one of the following, if true, is the strongest logical counter parent P can make to parent Q'sobjection?

Weaken

421. Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument above? StrengthenX

412. Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the claim above? Weaken

450. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the behavior of the vervet monkeys describedabove?

Resolve

448. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding of the nicotine study? Resolve

444. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the puzzling fact cited above? Resolve

368. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the viewpoint of the historians described above? Resolve

449. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than dograpes?

Resolve

445. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the discrepancy indicated above? Resolve

447. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparentlycontrary evidence described above?

Resolve

446. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent conflict described above? Resolve

443. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage above? Resolve

362. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Weaken

370. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning above? Weaken

359. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Strengthen

417. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly strengthens the argument? Strengthen

360. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above Strengthen

418. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Strengthen

426. Which one of the following, if true, most supports the argument Strengthen

407. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher's argument? Weaken

409. Which one of the following, if true, would most call into question the analysts' explanation of the priceincrease?

Weaken

361. Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Resolve

424. Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthenthe medical doctor's argument?

Strengthen

372. Which one of the following, if true, would provide the mostsupport for the economists' assertion?

Strengthen

102. Whole Life Insurance Cash value life insurance that blends security against prematuredeath with a savings account.

706. Without 1st

694. without Necessary

71. Word-of-Mouth Information that is transmitted from person to person directly.

738. Words Used to Introduce Numerical Ideas amount, quantity, sum, total, count, tally

739. Words Used to Introduce Percentage Ideas percent, proportion, fraction, ratio, incidence, likelihood,probability, segment, share

1165. Work Problems? simmilar to distance but ... Think how much of the job can bedone in one hour (as a fration of the whole).

200. Working Capital The net amount of current assets less current liabilities that isavailable for use.

882. The worth of the sculpture was estimated ___ Madrid estimated at - used to denote place where the estimation wasdone

970. Would you sacrifice your job for a chance to go to Europe? sacrifice X for Y

1030. x, x, x(sq. rt 2) 45-45-90 triangle basic lengths of sides

1028. x(sq. rt 3), x, 2x 30-60-90 triangle basic lengths of sides

1056. y2 - y1 / x2 - x1 How to find the slope.

532. Yet Counter-Premise

1005. You are to your parents what I am to mine X is to Y what W is to Z

888. You can't explain ___ all your mistakes explain away - to explain something so that it is no longer aproblem

792. Your analysis (agrees with/ agree to) mine agrees with