Glossary

2-D2R3R8B/10B

64B/65B

ADMAISANSIAPIAPSASONARCATISATMAUAUG

BCHBDIBEIBERBIAE

Two DimensionalRe-amplification, ReshapingRe-amplification, Reshaping and RetimingBlock line code in which 8 data bits are mapped into a 10-bitsymbolBlock line code in which 64 data bits are mapped into a 65-bit symbol (GFP-T)

Add-Drop MultiplexerAlarm Indication SignalAmerican National Standards InstituteApplications Program InterfaceAutomatic Protection SwitchingAutomatic Switched Optical NetworkAlarm Report ControlAlliance for Telecommunications Industry SolutionsAsynchronous Transfer ModeAdministrative Unit (SDH)Administrative Unit Group (SDH)

Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem FECBackward Defect Indicator (OTN)Backward Error Indicator (OTN)Bit Error RateBackward Incoming Alignment Error indicator (OTN)w-bit Bit-Interleaved Parity

688 Glossary

BLSR Bidirectional Line-Switched RingBPON Broadband Passive Optical Network (from FSAN)

Cap-Ex Capital ExpenseCBR Constant Bit RateCBS Committed Burst SizeCCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative

CommitteeCIR Committed Information RateCIT Craft Interface TerminalCLEC Competitive Local Exchange CarrierCLI Command Line InterfaceClos Clos multi-stage switching networkCM Connection ManagementCMF Client Management Frame (GFP)CMIP Common Management Information ProtocolCMIS Common Management Information ServiceCMISE Common Management Information Service ElementCMTS Cable Modem Termination SystemCO (Telephone company) Central OfficeCO-PS Connection-Oriented Packet Switched networkCORBA Common Object Request BrokerCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRM Customer Relation Management SystemCross-bar A matrix of switching points to provide any-to-any non-

blocking switchingCSF Client Signal Fail (GFP)CSU/DSU Channel Service and Data Service UnitCTRL Control code (LCAS)CV Coding ViolationCWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing

DAF Directory Access or Client FunctionsdB decibelDCC Data Communications Channel Also called ECC

(Embedded Communication Channel) used for transportmanagement traffic from OSS to NEs in the field)

DCN Data Communications NetworkDCS Digital Cross connect SystemDLC Digital Loop Carrier systemDN Distinguished NameDNU Do Not Use control code (LCAS)

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 689

DOCSIS™ Data Over Cable System Interface SpecificationsDRA Dynamic Restoration AlgorithmsDSF Directory System or Server FunctionsDSL Digital Subscriber LoopDSLAM Digital Subscriber Loop Access MultiplexerOSn Digital Signal of the North American asynchronous

hierarchy level ηDVB Digital Video BroadcastDWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

En Digital Signal of the ETSI PDH level ηEBS Excess Burst SizeEC-η Electrical Carrier for a SONET STS-nEDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber AmplifierEIR Excess Information RateEMS Element Management System used to manage single or set

of Network ElementsEOC Embedded Operations ChannelEOS End of Sequence control code (LCAS)EPON Ethernet-based Passive Optical NetworkERDI Enhanced Remote Defect Indicator (SONET)ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection protocolETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteES Errored Seconds

FCAPS Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and SecurityFCC (U.S.) Federal Communications CommissionFCS Frame Check SequenceFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingFE Fairness Eligible (RPR)FEC Forward Error CorrectionFICON Fiber Connection protocolFN Fiber NodeFR Frame RelayFSAN Full Service Access Network consortiumFTFL Fault Type and Fault LocationFTTx Fiber To The X(e.g., X= Home, Curb, Cabinet, Building)

G.ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network. Generic namesometimes given to the ITU-T architecture, framework, andsuite of standards related to setting up dynamic end-to-end

690 Glossary

paths across an optical transport network based on G.709(OTN)

G.ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network. Generic namesometimes given to the ITU-T architecture and frameworkand suite of standards related to setting up dynamic end-to-end path across a transport network (SONET/SDH orEthernet)

GCC Generic Communications ChannelGDMO Guidelines for Definition of Managed ObjectsGFP Generic Framing ProcedureGFP-F Frame mapped Generic Framing ProcedureGFP-T Transparent Generic Framing ProcedureGED Group Identifier (LCAS)GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching or Switched

networkGNE Gateway Network ElementGPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network (from FSAN)GUI Graphical User InterfaceGW Gateway

HDLC High-level Data Link Control protocolHDTV High Definition TelevisionHEC Header Error CheckHFC Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial cable networkHOVC High-Order Virtual ContainerHTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol

IaDI Intra-Domain InterfaceIAE Incoming Alignment Error indicator (OTN)IC Integrated CircuitIEC Inter-Exchange Carrier or Incoming Error CountIEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronics EngineersIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceILEC Incumbent Local Exchange CarrierIP Internet ProtocolIrDI Inter-Domain InterfaceISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISV Independent Software vendorITU-T International Telecommunications Union -

Telecommunications Standardization Sector

JOH Justification Overhead

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 691

KSP K-Shortest path First algorithm

L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private NetworkLAN Local Area NetworkLAPD Link Access Protocol for the D-channelLAPS Link Access Protocol - SDH/SONETLCAS Link Capacity Adjustment SchemeLEC Local Exchange CarrierLLA Logical Layered ArchitectureLLC Logical Link ControlLMDS Local Multipoint Distribution SystemLOVC Low-Order Virtual ContainerLRTT Loop Round Trip Time (RPR)LSB Least Significant BitLSR Label Switched Router (MPLS)LTE Line Terminating Equipment/Element (SONET)

MAC Medium Access Control protocolMAF Management Application FunctionMAN Metropolitan Area NetworkMCF Message Communication FunctionMDA Model Driven ArchitectureMEF Metro Ethernet ForumMEMS Micro-Electrical-Mechanical SwitchesMF Mediation Function (sometimes Multi-Frame)MFAS Multiframe Alignment SignalMFI Multi-Frame IndicatorMDB Management Information BaseMMDS Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution SystemsMMS Multi-Media StandardsMOC Managed Object ClassMPLS Multi-Protocol Label SwitchingMS Multiplex Section (SDH) or Manual SwitchMSB Most Significant BitMSO Multi-service OperatorMST Member Status (LCAS)

NE Network Element - an element in the network that providesfunctions such as switching and transport of electrical oroptical transport signals

NEF Network Element Function

692 Glossary

NJO Negative Justification OpportunityNM Network ManagementNMS Network Management SystemsNNI Network-to-Network InterfaceNRZ Non-Return to Zero line code

OA Optical Alignment bytes (OTN)OADM Optical ADMOAM Operations, Administration, and MaintenanceOAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance & ProvisioningOC-n Optical Carrier for a SONET STS-ftOCC Optical Carrier ChannelOCh Optical Channel (OTN)ODI Outgoing Defect IndicationOEI Outgoing Error IndicationODU Optical Data Unit (OTN)OH OverheadOIF Optical Industry ForumOLT Optical Line Terminal (for PON)OMG Object Management GroupOMS Optical Multiplex Section (OTN)ONU Optical Network Unit (for PON)Op-Ex Operations ExpenseOPTX Optical Transmission and Synchronization Committee

(formerly T1X1)OPU Optical Payload Unit (OTN)OSMINE Telcordia's Operations Systems Modification for the

Integration of Network ElementsOSPF Open Shortest Path Routing protocol used widely in the

Internet and considered for G.ASON as a candidate toimplement E-NNI routing

OTNOTSOTUOVHOVTGOXC

PDHPDIPDUpFCS

Optical Transport NetworkOptical Transport Section (OTN)Optical Transport Unit (OTN)OverheadOptical Virtual Tributary GroupOptical DCS

Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPayload Defect Indicator (SONET)Protocol Data Unitpayload FCS (GFP)

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS

Ρ JO Positive Justification OpportunityPLI Payload Length Indicator (GFP)PLM Payload Label Mismatch (SONET/SDH)PM Performance MonitoringΡΟΗ Path OverheadPON Passive Optical NetworkPOP Point of PresencePoS Packet over SONET/SDHPPP Point-to-Point Protocol (IETF)PRBS Pseudo-Random Bit SequencePSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPTE Path Terminating Equipment/Element (SONET/SDH)PTI Payload Type Indicator (GFP)PTQ Primary Transit QueuePTT Postal Telephone and Telegraph administration

QoS Quality of Service

RDI Remote Defect Indicator (SONET/SDH)RDT Remote Digital TerminalREI Remote Error Indicator (SONET/SDH)RFI Remote Failure Indication (SONET VT1.5)RM Remote MultiplexerRPR Resilient Packet RingRS Regenerator Section (SDH) or Reconciliation Sublayer

(RPR)RS Reed-Solomon FECRS-ACK Re-sequence Acknowledgement (LCAS)

SAN Storage Area NetworkSD Signal DegradeSDCC Section Data Communications Channel (SONET)SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySES Severely Errored SecondsSF Signal Fail (sometimes, Security Functions)SHN Self Healing networkSLA Service Level AgreementSM Service ManagementSMC SONET Minimum ClockSNC Subnetwork ConnectionSNCP Sub-Network Connection ProtectionSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

693

694 Glossary

SOAPSOHSONETSPESPRSQSS7STESTMSTQSTS

TCTCMTCNTDMTDMATFTIRKSTL1TMFTMNTMOC

TOHTTI

TTLTUTUG

UMLUNIUPIUPSRUTRAD

VCVCATVCGVDSLVoIPVT

Simple Object Access ProtocolSection Overhead (SONET)Synchronous Optical NETworkSynchronous Payload Envelope (SONET)Span RestorationSequence number (LCAS)Signaling System No 7 (also called CCS #7)Section Terminating Equipment/ElementSynchronous Transport Module (SDH)Secondary Transit Queue (RPR)Synchronous Transport Signal (SONET)

Tandem ConnectionTandem Connection MonitoringTelecommunications NetworkTime Division MultiplexingTime Division Multiple AccessTransformation FunctionTrunk Inventory Record Keeping SystemTransaction Language 1Telemanagement ForumTelecommunication Management NetworkTransmission Management and Operations Committee(formerly T1M1)Transport OverheadTrail Trace Identifier (SDH and OTN)

Time To LiveTributary Unit (SDH)Tributary Unit Group (SDH)

Unified Modeling LanguageUser-to-Network InterfaceUser Payload Indicator (GFP)Unidirectional Path-Switched RingUnified TMN Requirements Analysis and Design

Virtual Container (SDH)Virtual ConcatenationVirtually Concatenated GroupVery high-speed Digital Subscriber LoopVoice over Internet ProtocolVirtual Tributary (SONET)

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 695

VTG Virtual Tributary Group (SONET)

WAN Wide Area NetworkWDM Wave Division MultiplexingWSF Workstation FunctionWSSF Workstation Support FunctionWTR Wait-To-Restore

XML Extensible Markup LanguageXOR Exclusive OR logic operation

Author Biographies

Manohar Naidu Ellanti is a software project management consultant. He

received his M.Sc (Chemistry) and B.E (EEE) from Birla Institute of Tech. and

Science, Pilani, India in 199O._He has over 14 years of experience in hardware and

software development. He designed hardware for network synchronization, cellular

base station system. He was involved in development of FTTx/ATM based multi-

media interactive system for VOD/Gaming, in design and development of software

for network management system related to SONET/SDH mesh-networks composed

of Digital Cross Connects; in architecting MPLS IP/QoS control software for an

access device. Also associated with development of OSPF infrastructure for DCN,

management transport protocols, control plane and OIF UNI. He holds one patent

and two pending.

Steven Scott Gorshe is a Principal Engineer with PMC-Sierra's Product

Research Group. He received his B.S.E.E. (University of Idaho), and M.S.E.E. and

Ph.D. (Oregon State University) in 1979, 1982, and 2002, respectively. He has been

involved in applied research and the development of transmission and access system

architectures and ASICs since 1982, including over five years at GTE and over 12

years with NEC America where he became Chief Architect for NEC Eluminant

Technologies. His current work at PMC-Sierra involves technology development

for applications specific standard product ICs, including those for Ethernet WAN

transport over telecommunications networks. Dr. Gorshe is a Senior Member of the

IEEE and Co-Editor for the regular Broadband Access series and guest editor for

multiple Feature Topics in the IEEE Communications Magazine. He has also been

involved in telecommunications network standards continuously since 1985 and

serves as Senior Editor for OPTSX (formerly Τ1X1, responsible for North American

698 Authors Biographies

SONET and optical network interface standards); technical editor for multiplestandards within the SONET series; and a technical editor for multiple ITU-TRecommendations including G.7041 (GFP), G.8011.1 (Ethernet Private LineService), and G.7043 (Virtual Concatenation of PDH Signals). Areas in which hehas made key contributions include architectures for multiple generations ofSONET/SDH equipment and much of the transparent GFP protocol. He is arecipient of the Committee Tl Alvin Lai Outstanding Achievement Award for hisstandards contributions. He has 26 patents issued or pending and multiple publishedpapers.

Lakshmi G. Raman is a Senior Director of Carrier Platform Group in RadisysCorporation. She received her Ph.D in Physics (IIT Madras) and a second masters inComputer Engineering (U Mass Amherst) in 1974 and 1986 respectively. She hasbeen responsible for developing network management standards in Bellcore (nowTelcordia), ITU, and Tl. In these forums she has been a technical editor for severalinformation models, served as working party chair and rapporteur for over 18 years.In addition to standards development, she has been responsible for engineeringproducts in HFC Access Platforms, Optical Cross Connect System, Collaborativevisualization transport system. She has published a book and authored a chapter inthe IEEE Network Management Series. She received the first Tl Alvin LaiOutstanding Achievement Award for her standards contributions. She has 1 patentpending and published papers in Physics and Network Management.

Wayne P. Grover- holds a B.Eng. (EE) with High Distinction from CarletonUniversity, Ottawa, an M.Sc.(EE Science) from the University of Essex, England,and a Ph.D. (EE) from the University of Alberta (1989). He was a CommonwealthScholar to the United Kingdom in 1980-81. Dr. Grover has produced issued patentson 26 topics, 58 journal publications, three book chapters and over 100 technicalreports and conference papers. In Fall 2003 his book Mesh-based SurvivableNetworks: Options and Strategies for Optical MPLS, SONET and ATM Networkingwas published by Prentice-Hall (841 pages plus web-based appendices). Previouslyhe had 10 years experience as scientific staff and management at BNR (now NortelNetworks) on fiber optics, switching systems, digital radio and network planningareas before joining TRLabs as its founding Technical VP in 1986. In this positionhe was responsible for the development of the TRLabs research program and theTRLabs sponsorship base from start-up to over the 100-person level. He nowfunctions as Chief Scientist-Network Systems at TRLabs and as Professor, Electricaland Computer Engineering, at the University of Alberta. In 1999 he received theIEEE Baker Prize Paper Award for his paper "Self-organizing broadband transportnetworks" in the Oct. 1997 IEEE Proceedings. Other research contributions are inthe areas of SONET format design, high-speed synchronization, precise timetransfer, wireless traffic analysis, rate-adaptive subscriber loops, radio-location in

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 699

wireless systems and availability analysis of transport networks. Dr. Grover was anNSERC E.W.R. Steacie Fellow for 2001-2002. Previously he was the McCallaProfessor in Engineering and recipient of the Martha Cook-Piper Research Prize,the "Smart City" Award (City of Edmonton) and a Technology CommercializationAward from TRLabs (1997) for the licensing of technology to industry. In 2002 hewas cited as an IEEE Fellow "for contributions to survivable and self-organizingbroadband transport networks," and Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada.In 1999 he was the Canadian Outstanding Electrical Engineer of the year. Herecently served as General Chair for the 4th International Workshop on Design ofReliable NetworL· (DRCN2003), Banff, Alberta, October 19-22, 2003.

Index

1FP-2FR strategy 527, 566

α priori efficiency (AE) 563

access networks 1, 2, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 31, 34,36DLC15,27DSL 15, 17, 18,20,35,36FTTxl7,20PON 18, 19,20,28,37wireless 15, 19,20,24,25

ACSE

association control service element 470

ADM 11, 12, 13,369,589Alarm Indication Signal 128, 132, 134,

138, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 171Alarm Report Control 338, 340Alarm Report Control (ARC) 339, 340APS signaling channel 490, 491ASN.l 377, 379, 380, 393, 400, 402, 406,

418, 419, 442, 444, 446, 447, 451,478,479,480,481,482,483

ASON 317, 608, 653, 656, 657, 658, 661,663, 664, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676,677, 679, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685Automatic Switched Optical network

608, 653, 656, 657, 658, 661, 663,664, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677,679,681,682,683,684,685

ASON/ASTN Control Plane 657

ATM 120, 124, 131, 134, 152, 153, 154,155, 157, 160, 178, 179Address

Authority and Format Identifier631

addressing scheme 626, 630B-ISUP619Control Plane

SONET/SDH 620E.164 591, 619, 630, 631, 681NNI618NSAP 591, 619, 630, 631, 632, 676,

681Signaling Reference Points 617, 618

UNI 618ATM Forum 617, 618, 619, 630, 631,

650, 683, 684ATM/PNNI 588, 653Automated planning tools 513Automatic Protection Switching 343Automatic Protection Switching (APS)

126,489

Bellcore 420Benes Network 53, 54bi-directional 1+1 protection switching

491Bit Error rate 316, 333Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP) 126, 127,

133, 136, 137, 145, 173

702 Index

BLSR ring 494, 499, 518, 547, 559, 575,576

call control 609, 619, 661, 663, 665Capacity Scavenging 536, 547Carrier Group Alarm (CGA) 567Channel Associated 595channel associated signaling 592, 595Chooser 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541,

545, 546, 547, 548, 554, 555, 556Circuit Switching 69, 99, 100CLI291Clos Multistage Switching

multicast 51rearrangeably nonblocking 41rearrangement 50Strictly Non-Blocking 45unicast 49

CMIP 379, 406,420, 442, 451, 469, 471,472,473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 480common management information service

element 471Filtering 475Message Format 473Scoping 474,475Serivces471

CMISE 469,470, 471, 472, 480CMISE/CMIP 469, 470, 472, 480

Communication Model 470common channel signaling 592, 595, 596,

684Complement 542complementary statelet 541, 546connection control 609, 661, 662, 663,

665control plane 8, 12, 14, 21, 23, 24, 31, 32Control Plane

ATM 617PSTN 592SS7 592

CORBA 268, 271, 283, 288, 289, 297,303, 377, 379, 380, 394, 406,407,417, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456,458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 464,465,467, 468,469, 471,476, 477,478,479,480, 482,483Event Service 458,482HOP 289Invocation Styles 464

Notification Service 460,461,483Services 455,483

CR-LDP526,531,678,679

Data Communications Channel 126, 142,171, 176

database synchronization 531, 535, 558,621,646

DCN 285, 289, 290Data Communication Network 285,

289DCS 10, 12, 13,39,73,276

Digital Cross-Connects 292Distributed Pre-Planning (DPP) 547distributed restoration algorithms (DRAs)

515drop-and-continue function 505DS139,60DS3 39, 60DSLAM 589DS« 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20, 103, 104, 105,

106,110, 111, 113, 120, 131, 132,134, 138, 141, 146, 148, 151, 152,154, 162, 170, 172, 174, 176, 179,181, 182, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194,195,196,197,198,212

dual failure restorability 577, 581, 585dual failures 489, 517, 568, 569dual homing (DH) 505DWDM 268, 276, 292, 303, 304

E.164 591, 619, 630, 631, 681economy-of-scale 495, 581Efficiency ofp-Cycles 563Element management System (EMS) 356EML 282, 283, 292, 303

Element Management Layer 282E«104, 111, 113, 126, 128, 131, 143,

146, 148, 151, 170, 174E-NNI 657, 665, 679EOC

Embedded Operations Channel 289Ethernet 3, 8, 18, 22, 27, 31, 35, 36, 37,

78,131,158,160,161,174,191,193,198, 199, 202, 203, 206, 208, 211,215, 217, 223, 226, 228, 229, 240,241, 253, 261, 262, 263, 264, 271,441,442,489,600,670,681

Extra Traffic. 493

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 703

Facility-Associated 595Fast Web Services 418, 482, 483FASTAR 516, 528, 529, 580, 581FCAPS 275, 276, 278, 282Fibre Channel 203, 205, 206, 211, 212,

264, 265FISU 600FITNESS 548, 549Flow/7-cycles 562Folded Switches 54Forced switches 490Forward Error Correction (FEC) 136,

176, 177forward flooding 536, 537, 538, 540, 541,

542, 543, 545, 550, 555, 556

G. 7714 679G.709 162, 190G.7712 289G.7713 617, 662, 663, 672, 679, 684G.784 308, 311,322, 324G.803 308, 311,313, 316, 353, 356G.805 311,313, 315, 357G.ASON

Architectural/Functional Components663

Call/Connection Messages 676DCM 663Distributed Connection Management

662, 663Routing Controller 662Soft Permanent Connection -SPC 660

G.ASON Call Setup 664G-ASON

Standards 661Gateway NE 289GDMO 380, 388, 392, 393, 394, 397, 405,

406,416,455, 456, 458, 476, 478,479, 483

GENERALIZEDJJNI 676, 677Generic Framing Procedure 317Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) 124,

131, 134, 153, 155, 159, 160, 178GFP 317

Client Management Frames 212Frame mapped GFP 201GFP-F payload mappings 201, 202,

203

GFP-T block coding 206, 207, 208,209,211,213

GRP-T payload mappings 206Transparent GFP 205

GFP-F 201GFP-T 205GIIOP

Messages 466GIOP 407,465,466,467,468,469, 482

General Inter-ORB Protocol 465Message Structure 467Object References 468

G M P L S 22, 25, 32,487, 516, 519, 523,526, 527, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534,535, 558, 583, 584, 588, 656, 657,658, 665, 666, 668, 670, 671, 672,673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679,681,684,685Label structure for SONET/SDH 666SONET/SDH Connection parameters

670SONET/SDH Signal Type encoding

668Switched Connection 660Traffic Specification for SONET/SDH

668Traffic Specification for SONET/SDH

668GMPLS (see also MPLS) 588, 656, 657,

658, 665, 666, 668, 670, 671, 672,673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679,681,684,685

GNE289,291GR-831420,426,481Guidelines for the definition of Managed

Objects (GDMO) 309, 310, 321

hair pinning 58Hamiltonian cycle 560, 564HDLC 131, 132, 134, 152, 155, 156, 158,

178, 600head-end bridge 490,491, 492, 500head-end node 490, 498holding thread 541HTTP 292, 379, 381,407, 411,413,414,

415, 420, 436, 437, 438,439, 440,442, 469,470,480, 482

IB 595,619

704 Index

IEC6ILEC16,20,24,39In-Band 595, 596Information Model 307, 310, 321, 343

Equipment protection switching 343Event dispatcher 329Generic 325, 338, 357Hisotry 308History 308Interaction diagram 337Log Service 368, 369, 371Multiplex Section Protection 353, 355Network Element View 323Route Discovery 363, 367SDH 321Sub-network Connection Management

357, 365Technology Specific 312Trail termination 316XML 309

Information ModelGDMO309,310,321

initial statelets 540, 546, 554interconnecting rings 505interference number 556, 557IOR

Interoperable Object Reference 468ISDN 592, 594, 595, 596, 609, 610, 617,

619,685ISDN User Part 594ISDN-UP 609IS-IS 605, 630, 665, 678, 679, 683IXC 39

JIDM 477, 478, 479Joint Inter-Domain Management 477

Kl and K2 overhead bytes 490

LAP-B 600LCAS 22, 146, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186,

188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 196,198, 252, 253, 262, 263, 431, 510,511,512adding a member 185, 186member status 184, 185, 189, 195,

196,253removing a member 187service restoration 189

LDAP 476Line Switched Rings 496,499Link Status Signal Unit 600LMP 667, 679, 682, 685Log Filter 371log service 370Log Service 368, 369, 371

M.3400 278, 280, 288management 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 21,

23,24, 26, 31, 36, 37, 38, 109, 145,155

ManagementCross Connection 348Fragments 319, 320Functional models 368Interworking 476NE level 322, 323NE view 323, 324Network Element View 323Network View 356SONET/SDH 307, 316tandem connections 363

Management FunctionProtection switching 334, 345, 355Threshold crossing event 371

Management FunctionsAlarm Report Control 338Performance Monitoring (PM) 323,

331Requirements 309, 325, 331, 338,

343, 348, 351, 353, 358, 363, 366,367, 369, 373

Manual switches 491mesh-based approach 559mesh-based restorable networking 515Message Signal Unit 600metro networks 8, 10, 28, 31MOC 312, 391,406,416,472

Managed Object Class 406,472Modeling Methodology

Analysis 309, 327, 329, 334, 339, 344,349, 352, 354, 359, 363, 366, 367,370, 373

Design 309Requirements 309, 325, 331, 338,

343, 348, 351, 353, 358, 363, 366,367, 369, 373

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 705

MPLS 203, 204, 263, 264, 656, 658, 665,672GMPLS 588, 656, 657, 658, 665, 666,

668, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675,676, 677, 678, 679, 681, 684, 685

MTPLevel 3 601, 602, 603Message Routing Function 602Signaling Data Link Functions 598Signaling Link Functions 599Signaling Network Functions 601

multi-commodity flow 521multi-commodity maximum-flow

(MCMF) 554multiplexed section 495multiplexing

FDM 5, 6, 7TDM 5, 8,28,29,31WDM 7

Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)316

Multistage SwitchingBenes Network 53, 54Recursive Construction 52

mutual-capacity 521, 527

NEF 274, 282, 283, 291, 292, 293, 301,302

NELNetwork Element Layer 282

network management 307, 308, 309, 310,311,312,317,318,323,356,358,359, 375

Network ManagementElement Management System 358Information Model 307, 310, 343

NGDLC589NML 282, 283, 292, 303NNI 589, 595, 609, 618, 619, 650, 652,

653, 655, 656, 657, 665, 679, 682Node-encircling />-cycles 561, 562Non-Facility-Associated 595non-revertive operation 491NSAP 591, 619, 630, 631, 632, 676, 681

OAM&P 3, 6, 7, 25, 26, 33, 36, 106, 107,109,113,127,128,133,135,142,145,155,198,231,233,253,254,261,262,263,275

OASIS 417, 484OC-N 60OIF 63, 78, 85, 93

UNI 1.0 673,676,679OIF UNI 608, 673, 674, 675, 676OMG 454,457,459,465,479,482, 483

Object Management Group 454OOB 595, 596, 619

Optical Control PLANE 656Optical Transport Network 343, 350Optical VT Group (OVTG) 174, 176ORB 454,465,467,468, 482

Object Request Broker 452, 454orderwire 143Orderwire 143OSF

Operations Systems Function 278OSI 267, 275, 276, 289, 293, 595, 598,

605,630,631OSMINE429,430,431

Operations Systems Modification forthe Integration of NetworkElements 429

OSPF 604, 620, 621, 622, 624, 625, 638,643, 645, 646, 665, 678, 679, 683, 685

OSPF-TE 25, 526, 531, 665, 678, 679OSS 269, 270,283, 302, 304, 379,407,

429,430, 431, 432, 433, 435,440,450,451,459,477,481,483Operations Sytems 278, 286

OTN 162, 163, 178frame structure 242frequency justification 242, 248, 250,

258, 259, 260, 262OAM&P 253payload mapping 246Tandem Connection Monitoring

(TCM) 214, 249, 250, 255, 256,258,259,260,261

Out-Of-Band 595

Packet over SONET/SDH 124, 152, 155,157, 158, 160

Packet Switching 73, 74, 100Virtual Output Queuing 76

Path overhead 111, 124,153,161

706 Index

path restoration 22,517,518,519,520, 521, 522, 525, 536, 553, 554,557, 559, 564, 583

Path switched rings 495payload (signal) label 130, 133p-Cycle Network Designs 563p-cycles 22,487, 524, 526, 536, 559, 560,

561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 572, 573,575, 576, 582, 583, 584, 585

PDH 6, 7Performance Management

G.783 308G.783 324G.783 324G.783 332G.783 338G.783 342G.783 342G.783 351

G.874 311,332Performance Monitoring

Current Data 335, 336Performance Monitoring(PM) 323, 331Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

103, 107, 182, 190, 191, 192, 193,194,195,196,197,199,252,253,256, 258, 259, 265

PNE concept 550PNNI 588, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625,

627, 628, 629, 631, 632, 633, 634,637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643,644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 650, 653,656, 662, 665, 679, 681, 682, 683,684, 685addressing scheme 626, 630Border Nodes 622Database Synchronization 645Flooding mechanism 646Hello Protocol 642Horizontal Link 622Information Groups 633Logical Node 627, 629Packet Formats 640peer group ID 632Protocol Elements 629PTSP 641Routing Control Channel 622, 681Topology Aggregation 624Topology State Elements'

PTSE 639Topology State Elements 639Uplinks 622, 623

pointer 115, 126, 127, 129, 133, 139, 149,161, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174

pointers (for frequency justification) 113,115,126,127,129,133,139,146,147, 149, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167,168, 169, 170, 171, 174

PPP 191, 193, 198, 202, 203, 204, 264Precursor 542precursor relationships 541preemptible services 578pre-planned protection 516, 517, 572Protected Working Capacity Envelope

Concept (PWCE) 572protection 8, 10, 16, 22, 31, 52, 90, 96,

110,127,128,137,142,143,175,177, 188, 214, 224, 226, 227, 228,245, 254, 255, 311, 320, 321, 323,324, 325, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347,348, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354, 355,356, 363, 364, 366, 371, 373, 430,440,485, 486,487, 489, 490, 491,492, 493, 494,495, 496, 498,499,500, 503, 504, 505, 507, 508, 509,510,511,513,516,517,518,519,521, 522, 524, 525, 527, 528, 529,530, 531, 532, 533, 535, 548, 552,559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 566,567, 570, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576,577, 578, 581, 582, 583, 585, 653, 675

Protection Switchmanagement model, G.774.3 321, 353

PSTN 13,24, 28, 31

Quality of Protection (QoP) 489, 576,577

quasi-associated 597

REACT 548, 549Real-Time Network Routing (RTNR) 528Rearrangeably Non-Blocking 40,41,49,

93,97Remote Defect Indication 128, 133, 135,

138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 173, 175Remote Error Indication 126, 133, 137,

138, 139, 144, 145, 173, 175Remote Failure Indication 133, 141

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 707

RequirementsService Level Agreement 331

Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) 16, 22, 36,214, 509

Restoration 516, 518, 526, 528, 529,548, 554, 558, 568, 672

reverse-linking 537, 538, 540, 541, 542,543, 544, 545, 546, 555, 556, 557

revertive switching 346,489RingBuilder513,514RPC(Remote procedure call) 379, 407, 471RPR

Automatic ring topology discovery228

congestion 220, 221, 222, 226fairness 215, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222,

223, 224, 225, 226, 230media access 216packet formats 224protection 228queuing 215, 217, 219, 228traffic classes 218

RSVP 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678,679, 680, 684, 685

RSVP-TE 672, 673, 674, 675, 678, 679,680, 684Signaling Messages 673

SCCP 594Address structure 607Global Title 606, 607, 608GTT 607, 608, 617Routing 606

scrambler 123, 124, 125, 128, 131, 153,158, 160

SDH 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 32,34, 37, 38,41, 52, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69,73, 78, 79, 84, 86, 90, 98management 307, 308, 309, 311, 312,

322, 326, 338, 342, 347, 350Multiplex Section overhead 128Path overhead 130Regenerator Section overhead 127

SDH managementM.3400 311,322, 324

SDH ManagementNetwork Functional Model 315

self-healing network 485, 535

self-organization 519, 530, 534, 547, 549,550,561

self-organizing effect 536Sender 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 545,

546, 547, 548, 554, 555, 556, 674, 676service availability 499, 517, 568, 569shared backup path protection (SBPP)

522Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG) 524SHN 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 543,

544, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551,552, 553, 554, 555, 556

SHNp 519, 527, 536, 554, 556, 558signal (payload) label 127, 130, 132, 133,

134Signaling mode' 595SIGTRAN 599SML

Service Management Layer 282SNMP 283, 288, 289, 292, 297, 299, 377,

379, 380, 420, 441, 442, 443, 447,450, 451, 465, 469, 476, 477, 478,479, 480, 482, 483, 484

SOAP 379, 381, 393, 405, 406, 407, 408,409,410,411,413,414,415,416,417,418,439,479,483

Soft Permanent Connection (SPC) 607,616,660,676,677

SONET 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25,26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,41, 52,55, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70, 73, 78, 79,84, 86, 90, 98Line overhead 128Path overhead 130Section overhead 127

SONET/SDH 41, 52, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69,73, 78, 79, 84, 86, 90, 98, 268, 271,276, 289, 292, 298SDH 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,

316,318,319,321,322,323,324,325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332,333, 334, 335, 338, 341, 342, 343,344, 345, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352,353, 356, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369,375

SONET 307, 310, 316, 318, 323, 333,356

VT333Span restoration 518, 554

708 Index

Spatial reuse 496squelch 502, 503, 504squelching 502, 503, 504556 592, 593557 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598,

599, 600, 602, 603, 606, 607, 608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,681,682,683Administrator Interconnections 613Gateway Screening 616, 684MRVT611MTP 594, 598, 599, 601, 602, 603,

604, 605, 606, 607, 609, 611, 615,617,681

ΟΜΑΡ 607, 611Packet/Signal Unit Formats 600routing 615

SCCP 594, 603, 605, 606, 607, 616,617Signaling Connection Control Part

594SCP 593Signaling Connection Control Part

594Signaling Network Structures 611Signalling Point Code 607SP593STP 593TCAP 594, 605, 607

Transaction CapabilitiesApplication Part 594

TUP 594, 607SS7

Carrier-to-Carrier Interconnections613

SS7/IP 599standards 1, 2, 7, 18, 21, 22,23, 24, 31,

32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37statelet 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543,

544, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555,556, 557

statistical equilibrium 574Storage Area Network (SAN) 205Straddling Span Interface Unit (SSIU)

576Strict Sense Non-Blocking 40,41, 49, 70,

71,72,95,97STS-1 55, 59, 69, 70, 84, 98, 314, 316,

358

STS-3 69stuff (justification) 104, 105, 113, 147,

151, 153, 155, 168, 170Subnetwork Connection (SNC) 357, 359,

360, 361, 363, 365, 366, 367, 368Management 357, 365

Subnetwork connection protection(SNCP) 494

Survivability 485, 515, 585, 586Switching 39,42,43, 54, 67, 74, 75, 87,

91,94,96,99,100Circuit 69, 99, 100Clos 49, 56, 93, 97, 98Lee Graph 44,46, 53Packet 73, 74, 100

Speed 75throughput 75

Rearrangeably Non-Blocking 40,41,49, 93, 97

TDMMulti Rate Switching 69Single Rate Switching 59

Swithching 39,42,43, 59, 67, 69, 73, 74,75,87,91,94,96,99,100

synchronization 62, 103, 109, 114, 123,124, 129, 153, 161, 164, 165, 170,171, 172, 173, 175

Τ Switch 60, 61tabu search 514tail-end node 490Tandem 111, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134,

136, 144, 145, 179, 232, 242, 256,536, 537, 538, 540, 541, 542, 543,544, 545, 549, 550, 555, 556

Tandem Connection Monitoring 111,127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 144,145, 179

TDMDS1 358DS3 314,316

Telcordia 288NMA432TIRKS 432,433,434,435

Telecordia

GR 199 308Telephony User Part 594

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS 709

termination point 319, 320, 323, 325,326, 327, 328, 329, 335, 338, 342,344, 345, 346, 352, 367

Termination Point 325, 328, 352TIRKS 288TL1 288, 292, 308, 379, 380,420,421,

422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 428, 429,431,435,436,450,481AID 421, 422, 423, 424,428Autonomous messages 421CLEI422,423Command completion codes 427CTAG423,424TID 422Transaction Language one 420

TMF 267, 273, 286, 287, 295, 304, 309,323, 356, 366, 367

tML 393, 400,401,402, 403,405, 406,416,483

TMN 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273,274, 275, 276, 282, 284, 285, 286,288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295,299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 377,379, 380, 424, 452, 459, 462, 469,476,477, 480, 483.Functional Blocks 274Craft Terminal 291function set groups 278Functional Architecture 273Functional Blocks 273

NEF 274, 282, 283, 291, 292,293,301,302

OSF 274,275, 276, 278, 282, 291,292, 293, 301

TF 274, 282, 288, 293, 301Functional Blokes

WSF 274,291, 292, 293, 301Functional Components 280Information Architecture 294Interfacces

F 283, 285, 292Interface

Q 283, 284, 285, 289, 291, 293,296

InterfacesQ3 283X 268, 275, 283, 284,285, 289,

294logical layered architecture 268, 301

managed areas 276, 277, 278Physical Architecture 284, 285Physical Blocks

Q Adapter 293TF 274, 282, 288, 293, 301TF/MD 274, 288

Physical BlokesNE293WSF 285, 291

Pysical BlocksMD 274, 288, 291, 294

Reality check 302Reference Points 274Reference Points 274, 283SDH 267, 268, 271, 276, 282, 289,

292, 298, 300Telecommunications Management

Network 267Trace message 126, 133, 139, 141, 142,

178traffic engineering 230, 531, 672traffic substitution 537, 538, 548Transaction Language 1 308transparent 160, 191, 200, 205, 206, 211,

233, 304, 313, 332, 518, 522, 530,537, 563, 571

Transport Architecture 313Concept of Planes 317Layering 316Partitioning 317

Transport overhead 110, 114, 116, 117,118,119,122,123,124,161,171,173, 174, 176, 177

trap topology 524, 52573759,60,61,62,64,65Two-Pong 549

UDDI379,381,4O7ultra-high availability 22, 489, 516, 566,

578UML 295, 297, 298

Model Driven Architecture 310UML. 310,324UNI 589, 595, 608, 618, 619, 649, 650,

653, 655, 656, 657, 661, 673, 674,675, 676, 677, 679, 682, 685

uni-directional 1+1 protection switching491

Unified Modeling Language (UML). 310

710

UPSR ring 494,497, 566user byte 143User Byte 143UTRAD 295

Unified TMN Requirement, Analysisand Design 295

VCG183, 185, 186, 187, 189,510,511,512

Virtual Tributary 133virtually concatenated channel 26, 252,

253,510Voice over IP 263,489

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)231, 232, 233, 234, 237, 255, 256, 265

wavelength conversion 22, 571, 585Web Services 406Web Services/ 406Wide Sense Non-Blocking 40,41, 70, 71,

72WSDL 379, 381, 393, 405, 407, 411,412,

415,416,417,418,439,479,483WSF 274, 291, 292, 293, 301

Index

X.85/X.86 134, 155, 157, 158XML 309, 377, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383,

384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390, 391,392, 393, 394, 397, 398, 399,400,401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406,407,410,411, 414, 416, 417,418, 419,435,447, 452, 456,469,476, 478,479,480,481,482,483,484Aggregate Data Types 400DOM 381, 418DTD 382, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389,

390, 391, 392, 404, 405,479,480MIB 383Namespaces 386, 483Schema 386, 392, 393, 394, 397, 398,

399,403,405,411,416,417,418,456,481,483

XPath381,399XQuery381

XML: 382

Yellow Alarm 141