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1080i 1080i is ATSC high definition 1920 x 1080 interlaced video format where a frame of video is delivered in two fields. The first field contains the odd lines of the image, while the second field contains the even lines. Each field is updated every 1/60th of a second resulting in 30 frames of video per second. 1080p 1080p is ATSC high definition 1920 x 1080 progressive scan video format where a complete frame of video is delivered at either 60 or 24 frames per second. 16:9 Aspect ratio of an HDTV signal which is 16 units by 9 units, whatever size those units may be. In the film trade aspect ratios are described in relation to one, which means this aspect ratio is described as 16/9 or 1.78:1. 3:2 Pulldown A frame sequence used to map 24 fps film to 30 fps video (or 24/1.001 to 30/1.001 fps) in which every second film frame is represented by three video fields instead of two, the third being a repeat of the second. This leads to a set of ten video fields for each four film frames. 3 Way Full Range speaker system A speaker system composed of high, mid and low frequency drivers.

May be 3 Way, bi-amplified such as LA1 / S115 and LA3 / S215.

Active Line Time The time, inside one horizontal scan line, during which video is present. Accu Frame Used to reduce image artifacts. Such as smearing and double image perception in high speed simulation environments. A/D Analog to Digital (converter). A device that converts analog signal voltage to a digital value. ADC Analog to Digital Converter. A device that converts analog signals to digital signals. Alternative Content Non-cinema program material such as concerts, plays, sporting events, and potentially corporate training or conferencing, presented in theatres in addition to motion picture exhibition. Alternative content connects to one of the projector’s non-encripted ports.

Glossary

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Ambient Light Rejection The ability of a screen to reflect ambient light (i.e., light within a room from a source other than the projector) in a direction away from the line of best viewing. Curved screens usually have better ambient light reflection than do flat screens. Analog Video Video signal transferred by analog signal. An analog color video signal contains luminance, brightness and chrominance or an analog image. When combined in to one channel, it’s called composite video. Analog vidoe may be carried in separate channels, as in two channel S-Video and multi-channel component video formats. Anamorphic Having or requiring a linear distortion, generally in the horizontal direction. Anamorphic lenses can restore a 'scope' (CinemaScope) or 'flat' format film frame to the correct wide-screen appearance by increasing its horizontal proportion. Anamorphic Lens An anamorphic lens is a lens that has different optical magnification along mutually perpendicular radii. This provides the ability to project a source image of one aspect ratio, such as 4:3, into a different aspect ratio, such as 16:9, by using different magnifications for the horizontal and the vertical dimensions of the projected image. ANSI The American National Standards Institute is the organization that denotes the measurement standard for lamp brightness. ANSI Contrast Contrast is the ratio between white and black. The larger the contrast ratio the greater the ability of a projector to show subtle color details and tolerate extraneous room light. There are two methods used by the projection industry: 1) Full On/Off contrast measures the ratio of the light output of an all white image (full on) and the light output of an all black (full off) image. 2) ANSI contrast is measured with a pattern of 16 alternating black and white rectangles. The average light output from the white rectangles is divided by the average light output of the black rectangles to determine the ANSI contrast ratio. When comparing the contrast ratio of projectors make sure you are comparing the same type of contrast. Full On/Off contrast will always be a larger number than ANSI contrast for the same projector. ANSI Lumens ANSI lumens is a measurement of the overall brightness of a projector. Because the center of a projected image is brighter than the corners, ANSI lumens is the most accurate representation of the image brightness. ANSI lumens are calculated by dividing a square meter image into 9 equal rectangles, measuring the lux (or brightness) reading at the center of each rectangle, and averaging these nine points. Aperture A device that controls amount of light admitted. Aperture Correction Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finite dimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor.

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Aperture Grill A set of vertical wires to mask the electron guns in a CRT to ensure the beams hit their respective color phosphors. One or two horizontal stabilizing wires are used for spacing, which can be usually seen on the monitor. Monitors using this technique are usually flatter than their shadow mask counterparts. This technique was originally patented by Sony and marketed under the Trinitron name, which has since expired. Artifacts Flaws and aberrations in a video image that derive from technical limitations in the capture, encoding/decoding, transmission, and display of a video signal. Artnet interface An Ethernet communication protocol that was developed by Artistic Licence. It is used for controlling lighting/staging equipment from a lighting console or PC application. Aspect Ratio The ratio of the width of an image to its height, such as the 4:3 aspect ratio common in video output. Can also be expressed as a decimal number, such as 1.33, 1.77, 1.85 or 2.39. The larger the ratio or decimal, the wider and "less square" the image. Audio video processors The Christie SKA3D which provides the audio processing needed for DCI audio and balanced professional audio content - in addition to audio and video processing for alternative content.

The Christie IMB is a DCI compliant, fully-integrated media block that works seamlessly with a Christie digital cinema projector and Christie SKA-3D to provide playback of cinema content. Authoring The process, tools, and working environment by which content elements and functions are compiled, formatted, coordinated, and tested for presentation on target systems. Automation A system used in a theatre projection booth that responds to cues, commands or relay switches and then controls various elements of presentation, such as: • picture format and corresponding lens (flat or scope) • sound format and corresponding cinema processor settings • curtain movement and position • lighting level in the auditorium • non-sync play and fade in/out • digital cinema projector Auto-input Switching The feature that enables a product to detect which input has an active sync signal and switch to that input. Auto Source The ability of the projector to automatically recognize and synchronize to the horizontal and vertical scan frequencies of an input signal for proper display.

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Bandwidth

The total range of a frequency required to pass a specific signal without significant distortion or loss of data. In analog terms, the lower and upper frequency limits are defined as the half power, or -3 dB signal strength drop, compared to the signal strength of the middle frequency, or the maximum signal strength of any frequency, expressed as xx Hz to xx kHz (or MHz) @ -3 dB. In digital terms, it is the maximum bit rate at a specified error rate, expressed in bits per second (bps). A device’s bandwidth should be wider than the highest possible bandwidth of the signals it may handle. (In general, the wider the bandwidth, the better the performance. However, bandwidth that is too wide may pass excessive noise with the signal.)

Barrel Distortion

Distortion where screen image expands outward towards edges of the screen. Instead of being square, edges are

curved outward like the edge of a barrel. Opposite of pincushion.

Baud Rate

The speed (bits-per-second) at which serial communications travel from their origin.

Bit Depth

The total number of bits available to represent each pixel or color sample in a digital imaging system. Using linear binary coding, the total number of resolution steps available is equal to 2 raised to the power of the bit depth.

Black Level

The darkest part of a picture. This can vary between display devices and viewing environments. NTSC black is set

at 7.5 IRE, which is very slightly gray. The white level divided by the black level gives a contrast ratio for a

particular display device.

Blanking Time

The time inside one scan line during which video is not generated. The blanking time of the input signal must be equal to or greater than the retrace time of the projector.

Bleeding

Video distortion where color “bleeds” from an object onto other parts of the image which are not supposed to be

that color.

BNC

Bayonet Nut Connector or British Naval Connector. A high quality, locking cable plug which is used extensively in

professional video.

Brightness

Usually refers to the amount or intensity of video light produced on a screen without regard to color. Sometimes

called “black level.”

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Brightness (Perceived)

The brightness of a projection system can be precisely measured with a light meter. For example, a typical movie

theater is setup to deliver 14 foot-Lamberts. The higher the foot-Lamberts, the brighter the image. A common

misconception is that a projector with twice the foot-Lamberts of another projector will be twice as bright. While

it is true that a light meter will detect it as twice as bright, your eye will not. The perceived brightness will

increase by about 50%. It will not double because the human eye has a logarithmic respond to light.

Brilliant ColorTM

Brilliant Color - a technology developed by Texas Instruments for its DLP projectors that produces six channels of

color including red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow; thereby, allowing an increase in the color gamut.

Candela or Candle

Unit of measure for measuring intensity of light.

CAT 5 Category 5. Describes the network cabling standard that consists of four unshielded twisted pairs of copper wire terminated by RJ-45 connectors. CAT 5 cabling supports data rates up to 100 Mbps. CAT 5 is based on the EIA/TIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard.

CAT 5e Enhanced Category 5. The standard for the next higher grade of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) beyond Category 5. The CAT 5e specification was developed to provide more robust support for 1000Base-T. CAT 5e specifies tighter limits than CAT 5 for NEXT, ELFEXT, and return loss.

CAT 6 Category 6. The standard for the next higher grade of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling beyond CAT 5e. The standard defines components (cable and connecting hardware) and cabling (basic link and channel) for Category 6 channels, as well as Level III field tester requirements.

CAT 7 Category 7. The cable standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet using shielded twisted pair – STP) cable. Cat 7 features strict guidelines for crosstalk and system noise, requiring shielding for each pair of wires and the cable as a whole.

Channel (memory)

A collection of measurements stored by the projector for a given input source, including frequencies, pulse width, polarity, syncs, channel number and location, user-adjustable display settings, etc. Use channels to switch between a variety of setups quickly, automatically recalling previously defined display parameters. Stores all menu item values that do not have a GLOBE symbol .

Channel

A separate signal or signal path.

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Chromaticity

The color quality of light that is defined by the wavelength (hue) and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the

qualities of color except its brightness.

Chrominance

The signal representing the color information (hue and saturation) when the image is represented as separate chrominance and luminance. Same as "chroma".

Clean Aperture

The fraction of a motion picture frame image that is intended to be viewed by the audience. The clean aperture is subjectively free of edge artifacts and lies within the screen area framed by curtains in a cinema. Aspect ratio is often referenced to the clean aperture.

Color Gamut

The range of colors allowed in a specific system, as defined within a triangular area located on the CIE color locus diagram whose corners are the three primaries defined in the system. Also known as color space.

Color Saturation

Measure of color purity. Highly saturated colors emit a very narrow band of wavelengths of light instead of the

broader spectrum of frequencies emitted from mixed colors. A display with good saturation capability will look

vibrant.

Color Shift

A change in the tint of a white field across an image.

Color Temperature

The coloration (reddish, white, bluish, greenish, etc.) of white in an image, measured using the Kelvin (degrees K) temperature scale. Higher temperatures output more light. Component Video Component Video is a method of delivering quality video (RGB) in a format that contains all the components of the original image. These components are referred to as luma and chroma and are defined as Y'Pb'Pr' for analog component and Y'Cb'Cr' for digital component. . It is comprised of luminance (Y) and two chrominance channels of blue minus luminance and red minus luminance.

Composite Video

The output of video tape players and some computers, characterized by synchronization, luminance and color signals combined on one output cable.

Contrast (Ratio)

The degree of difference between the lightest and darkest areas of the image.

Convergence

The alignment of the red, green, and blue elements of a projected image so that they appear as a single element.

Crosstalk

Interference of an electrical signal by another electrical signal in close proximity caused by its electromagnetism.

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Curved Screen

A projection screen which is slightly concave for improved screen gain. Curved screens usually have screen gains, which are greater than 1 but viewing angles much less than 180°.

Dark Interval Enhances the overall stereo 3D effect by fine-tuning the critical time between left and right fields. DCDM Digital Cinema Distribution Master. A file or collection of files formatted for exhibition and comprised of all the components of the title. A reference size of about 200 GB per title is likely. DDC The Display Data Channel VESA standard enables communication between PCs and monitors, and is based on E-EDID protocol. DDI A "direct digital interface" signal can be supplied to the projector via an optional digital input module. For example, you can input an SMPTE-259M signal using a Serial Digital Input Module or input an SMPTE-272M signal from a Digital HDTV Serial Input Module. DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a commonly used client-server networking protocol. It enables a DHCP server to allocate valid IP addresses to projectors detected on a local network. Decoder A device that converts composite video or S-video signals (e.g. NTSC, PAL or SECAM) to RGB video. Detail The sharpness of a display from a video source. Dichroic A mirror or lens that reflects or refracts selective wavelengths of light. Typically used in projector light engines to separate the lamps "white" light into red, green, and blue light. DiffusION Screen A type of rear-projection screen which spreads the light striking it. Screen gain is less than 1 but audience viewing angles are increased. Digital Cinema Professional public presentation of theatrical content by electronic means, particularly emphasizing projectors such as the CP2000-XB whose image source is digital data. Also known as d-cinema and (rarely) e-cinema. Digital Interpolation Also known as digital scaling. The process of averaging pixel information when scaling (resizing) an image up or down. When reducing the size of an image, adjacent pixels are averaged to create fewer pixels. When increasing the size of an image, additional pixels are created by averaging together adjacent pixels in the original smaller image.

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Dispersion Refers to horizontal and vertical propagation pattern of a speaker system in degrees. DisplayPort DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the VESA. The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. DisplayPort can be used to transmit audio and video simultaneously. The DisplayPort signal is not directly compatible with DVI or HDMI but passive adapters can be used to adjust the signal levels and convert the connector style. Distortion The unintended and undesirable altering of a waveform. Distribution Amplifier An amplifier used to maintain a clean noise free signal to a projector or flat panel device over significant distances. Even with good heavily shielded cables, range of video and computer signals is limited to a few dozen feet before noticeable degradation. In ceiling mount situations, where the wiring may pass along side or across electrical conduits, a distribution amp may be needed with shorter distances. Many distribution amps can also split the signal into 2 or more amplified signals for driving multiple projectors or flat panels. DivX Video format based on the MPEG 4 standard. Commonly used for downloadable video files. DLP DLP (Digital Light Processing) is a commercial name for a display technology from Texas Instruments (TI). The technology inside is often referred to as DMD (Digital Micro-Mirrors). It consists of an array of mirrors where each mirror represents a pixel element. For example, a high-definition DLP projector or rear projector with 1920 x 1080 pixel resolution would have over 2 million tiny mirrors. Each mirror is attached to an electronically driven hinge that controls the amount of colored light that is reflected from the mirror into the projection lens and onto a screen. Projection systems using DLP technology use 1 to 3 DMD devices. DMD Digital Micromirror Devices used in this projector for processing red, green, and blue color data. DOT Clock The maximum frequency of the pixel clock. Also known as pixel clock rate. DSM Digital Source Master. A title’s native source files in acquisition format, edited to create the distribution master and for reformatting for NTSC, HDTV, DVD, etc., and potentially archived. Dual Lamp A Dual Lamp projector has two lamps where one lamp either serves as an automatic backup to the other lamp or is preprogrammed to switch at specific intervals. The benefit of this type of lamp system is it significantly reduces the probability of lamp failure during use.

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DVI Digital Visual Interface. DVI is a standard that defines the digital interface between digital devices such as projectors, flat screens and personal computers. For devices that support DVI, a digital-to-digital connection can be made that eliminates the conversion to analog and thereby delivers an unblemished image. It can also carry an analog signal and comes as DVI-I (integrated - analog and digital), DVI-D (digital only) and DVI-A (analog only). Dual link DVI connections add additional resolution capabilities. Digital cable lengths should not exceed 15 feet. Dynamic range The ratio between the highest peak audio level and lowest audio level, which is the noise floor.

E-EDID

The Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data standard, established by VESA, enables properties (such as resolution) of a display device to be detected by the display card in a controlling device such as a PC. The PC, in turn, can then output in a matching format to fill the display. Some sources used with the projector are VESA E-EDID reported.

E-stop

Emergency stop of the presentation due to equipment failure, a commotion in the audience, or any trigger from the theatre’s life safety system that could require stopping the show, raising the house lights, and enabling a PA announcement.

Edge Blending

When more than one projector is used side by side to project wider content into a seamless wide image, Edge

Blending technology can be used. Edge blending can be done in the projector or with an external video processor.

Edge blending works to remove the bright visible band that occurs when two images overlap. Edge blending will

gradually fade out one of the images in the banded zone while the adjacent image is gradually faded up.

Fill Rate

Given as a percentage, this characteristic indicates how smooth an image will look viewing a particular display. An

imaging system with a low fill rate will exhibit a screen door pattern in its images.

Flicker

A very rapid variation in image brightness caused by a frame rate that is too slow. (See Interlace) See also Lamp Flicker.

Foot-Candle

The intensity of visible light per square foot.

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Foot-Lambert

The luminance (brightness), which results from one foot-candle of illumination falling on a perfectly diffuse surface.

Frame

A frame is one complete video image. When all lines of the video image are delivered sequentially, it is called

progressive video. When the odd lines and even lines are delivered as separate fields, it is called interlace video.

Frame Rate

The frequency at which complete images are generated. For non-interlaced signals, the frame rate is identical to the vertical frequency. For interlaced signals, the frame rate (also known as field rate) is one half of vertical frequency.

Full On/Off Contrast

Contrast is the ratio between white and black. The larger the contrast ratio the greater the ability of a projector

or flat panel to show subtle color details and tolerate extraneous room light. There are two methods used: 1) Full

On/Off contrast measures the ratio of the light output of an all white image (full on) and the light output of an all

black (full off) image. 2) ANSI contrast is measured with a pattern of 16 alternating black and white rectangles.

The average light output from the white rectangles is divided by the average light output of the black rectangles

to determine the ANSI contrast ratio. When comparing contrast ratio, make sure you are comparing the same

type of contrast. Full On/Off contrast will always be a larger number than ANSI contrast for a given product.

Gain or Screen Gain

The ability of a screen to direct incident light to an audience. A flat matte white wall has a gain of approximately 1. Screens with gain less than 1 attenuate incident light; screens with gain more than 1 direct more incident light to the audience but have a narrow viewing angle. For example: An image reflecting off a 10 gain screen appears 10 times brighter than it would if reflected off a matte white wall. Curved screens usually have larger gain than flat screens. Gamma Relationship between input video voltage and output brightness. Determines how mid-tones appear as eye sensitivity is non-linear and display devices use different methods to account for this as well as their own display characteristics. Gamma Correction Adjustment to gamma or how gray levels between black and white are displayed as the eye is sensitive to these in a logarithmic manner. For example, good gamma correction allows subtle shadow detail in a dark image to be easily perceived.

Ghosting

A faint duplicate image, usually offset from primary image. Can be caused by multipath, which is a delayed,

attenuated duplicate signal bounced off an object to an antenna or other interference.

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GPIO

General Purpose Input Output, used for remote control of a limited number of programmable functions by direct signal or dry-contact connection.

HDCP

High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection protocol of keys and encryption helps prevent DVI source material from being copied.

HDTV

High-definition Television (1035, 1080 and 1125 lines interlace, and 720 and 1080 line progressive formats with a 16:9 (i.e. 1.77) aspect ratio.

Horizontal Frequency

The frequency at which scan lines are generated, which varies amongst sources. Also called horizontal scan rate or line rate.

Horizontal Offset

The difference between the center of the projected image and the center of the projector lens. For clarity, offset is often expressed as the maximum amount of the image that can be projected to one side of the lens center without degrading the image quality. Horizontal offset ranges can be affected by the type of lens in use, and whether or not the image is offset vertically at the same time.

Horn Device used to provide directivity and gain control (loading) for a driver within in a speaker system. When a horn is used with a traditional compression driver to form high/mid frequency speaker element, this configuration is referred to as a: horn loaded compression driver.

Hot Spot

A circular area of a screen where the image appears brighter than elsewhere on the screen. A hot spot appears along the line of sight and "moves" with the line of sight. High gain screens and rear screens designed for slide or movie projection usually have a hot spot.

Ideal listening area / sweet spot / speaker coverage area The focal point of between multiple speakers where listener hears each channel at nearly the exact same reference level and imaging effects is optimized. In the case of cinema audio systems, it is the focal point between 5 or more speakers, plus subwoofer(s).

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Immersive audio formats Audio formats Such as: Dolby Atmos, Auro 11.1, IOSONO and others.

Typically require the use of additional speakers placed above the standard screen and surround channel speakers, including ceiling and wall locations to add a height element to the sound field. Infra-red (IR) Remote An infra-red (IR) remote control transmits in the spectrum of infra-red light, such as a television remote. Unlike RF remotes, IR remotes must point at the receiver (line of sight) or reflect the IR from the screen to the receiver. Typical range is limited to 30 feet including the distance to and from reflected surfaces. Input A physical connection route for a source signal, described by a 2-digit number representing 1) its slot/ switcher/projector location and 2) its input on the input card. Input Signal Signal sent from a source device to the projector. Interface A device, such as the Serial Digital Input Module, that accepts an input signal for display by the projector. Interlace A method used by video tape players and some computers to double the vertical resolution without increasing the horizontal line rate. If the resulting frame/field rate is too low, the image may flicker depending on the image content.

Judder

Apparent stutter of on-screen movement. Motion judder in film is due to the fact that the 24 frame/second

sampling rate is too slow to resolve camera panning motion. Judder is also caused by 3:2 pulldown where movie

frames are on screen for differing times due to frame rate translations

Kelvin

A temperature measurement scale where 0° Kelvin (0°K) is equal to absolute zero, the temperature at which all

molecular movement ceases. One degree of Kelvin is equal to 1 degree of Celsius. The color temperature of large

image devices is measured in Kelvin. The higher the temperature, the bluer the light

Keystone

A distortion of the image which occurs when the top and bottom borders of the image are unequal in length. Side borders both slant in or out, producing a "keyhole" shaped image. It is caused when the screen and lens surface are not parallel, or (in "X" models) by poor Keystone adjustment.

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Keystone Correction (adjustment)

Keystone correction makes a projected image rectangular. This can be accomplished by positioning the projector

to be perpendicular to the screen. Since this is not always possible, most projectors are equipped with keystone

correction that allows the image to be keystone corrected (made rectangular) by adjusting optics, making

mechanical adjustments, or applying digital scaling to the image. Keystone correction can be one or two

dimensional and manual or automatic depending on the projector and the manufacturer. Be aware that digital

scaling will introduce some artifacts that are more evident when viewing small text and less evident in

presentation type material or video.

Lamp Flicker As the lamp ages, the shape of two anodes may changes from two points to a flattened state. When this occurs, the arc jumps across the gap from varying points. This is seen as image flicker. Turning the Lamp Conditioning feature ON will pulse the lamp and gradually "condition" the two anodes back to two points. Lamp Conditioning may take seconds, minutes or hours to reach full effectiveness. NOTE: Lamp flicker can occur at any time in the lamps life. The length of time, over which flicker may occur varies considerably and unpredictably. This behaviour is inherent in UHP lamps. LampLOC™ A Christie software feature where samples of output light from a projector guide the precise position of the lamp along 3 axes-vertical, horizontal and distance to lens-so that lamp performance and output is maximized. Latency The time between a device being requested to do something and the start of the device actually doing it. It’s a measurement usually used for LCDs where the shorter the latency the better. NSTC requires a latency of no more than 16ms in order to update the screen in time without leaving a ghost of the previous image. Latency (in terms of audio) The delay between when an audio signal enters and when it emerges from an audio system. LCD Liquid Crystal Display. A display device for generating color images using a matrix of LCD pixel elements. Each pixel element consists of 3 sub-pixels and an RGB color filter of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). By controlling the voltage to each sub-pixel of an LCD, each cluster of RGB pixels can create a full spectrum of colored light. LCDs are used in flatscreen displays, cameras and notebook computers to name a few. Nearly every projector made with LCD technology uses 3 separate LCDs, one each for red, green and blue. Light from the projector lamp is separated into RGB with a set of dichroic mirrors. The three light beams (RGB) are passed through separate LCDs and recombined to project a color image. LCoS Liquid Crystal on Silicon. Type of LCD panel that reflects light as opposed to blocking it. Usually offers a comparatively high fill rate creating a smooth image but generally has difficulty giving a high contrast ratio.

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LED Light Emitting Diode. A light generating technology that uses a semiconductor diode that emits monochromatic (single color) light when charged. LEDs are used in remote controls that are used to control electronic devices such as large displays. They are also used in pocket projectors as a light source, large outdoor electronic displays, and as indicators on electronic devices such as power supplies and cameras. LED Lamp A type of projector lamp that uses one or more LEDs as its light source. The benefit of LED lamps is their long life. Lens Shift The purpose of "lens shift" is to eliminate keystone correction and provide greater flexibility in the placement of the projector relative to the screen or the alignment of stacked projectors. This is accomplished by allowing the optical lens to be physically shifted vertically and/or horizontally. These adjustments may be manual or motorized depending on the projector Life Safety A safety control system integrated into the HVAC, fire alarm, and other infrastructure components of the theatre as well as the presentation system. Comment: In the event of a fire, for example, the life safety system may turn on the auditorium lighting to full intensity, cancel the presentation audio and replace it with a PA microphone or pre-recorded announcement, turn the lamp OFF, flash warning lights, and so forth. Every jurisdiction may have different statutory requirements for life safety systems. Line array speaker design Christie line array speakers utilize a single articulated cabinet design. Traditional line array speaker systems are created by stacking multiple identical speaker cabinets atop each other, to create a curved or straight vertical array. A line array configuration can provide a highly focused cylindrical dispersion pattern over a large area. As such, line arrays have become the standard in the professional audio industry as sound reinforcement and public address systems in such applications as live sound, large scale events and stadiums. The superior audio performance of line array technology also benefits fixed install applications in a wide range of venues such as cinemas, houses of worship, nightclubs and more. Linearity The reproduction of the horizontal and vertical size of characters and/or shapes over the entire screen. Line of best Viewing When light from a projector is incident on a screen, the light reflects from the screen such that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. The Line of Best Viewing is along the line of reflection. LiteLOC™ A Christie software feature where samples of output light from a projector trigger automatic adjustments in the lamp ballast power in order to maintain a constant light output over time. Also known as brightness tracking. Loopthrough (Loopthru) The method of feeding a series of high impedance inputs from a single video source with a coaxial transmission line in such a manner that the line is terminated with its characteristic impedance at the last input on the line.

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Low Frequency Effects (LFE) Dedicated audio track, providing low frequency content, which requires a dedicated audio channel from processor, to amplifier and subwoofer(s) specifically designed to provide deep powerful bass delivered at high output levels (at frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 120+ Hz). Lumen A measurement unit of total illumination. Typically a 100-watt light bulb outputs 1700 lumens over a wide area. Projector light output is measured in ANSI lumens. A projector with a higher lumen number will produce a brighter image for a given image size. Luminance The signal representing the measurable intensity (comparable to brightness) of an electronic image when the image is represented as separate chrominance and luminance. Luminance also expresses the light intensity of a diffuse source as a function of its area; measured in lumens or candles per square foot (1 lumen per square foot = 1 footlambert). See: Footlambert. LUX The amount of visible light per square meter incident on a surface.

1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter = 0.093 foot-candles

Maximum Distance

Sometimes used to refer to the distance from the screen that a projector can focus the image. Most of the time,

it is the manufacturer's opinion of how far from a screen the projector can be to cast an image that is useable

(bright enough) in a fully darkened room.

Minimum Distance

The closest position that a projector can focus an image onto a screen.

Mosquito Noise

An artifact of MPEG compression which looks like a mosquito buzzing around. Usually found around sharp edges

and most easily seen on solid color areas. It is a time dependent video compression impairment in which the high

frequency spatial detail in video images having crisp edges is aliased intermittently.

Native Aspect Ratio

Nearly every projector or display today will support multiple aspect ratios; however, each manufacturer must

decide who their intended audience is and optimize the projector for that audience. This means each device has a

native aspect ratio that is optimized for specific viewing material. Images shown in native aspect ratio will utilize

the entire resolution of the display and achieve maximum brightness. Images shown in other than native aspect

ratio will always have less resolution and less brightness than images shown in native aspect ratio.

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Native Resolution

Native Resolution is the number of physical pixels in a display device. For example, an XGA display has a native

resolution of 1024 physical pixels of resolution horizontally and 768 pixels vertically or 786,432 total pixels.

Negative Gain Screen

A screen with a gain rating of under 1 which actually reduces the amount of light reflected back from a projected

image. Usually gray, they are used to increase apparent contrast by lowering the black level.

Night Vision (InfraRGB)

A Dual Image Processing Card provides an interleaved InfraRGB mode allowing simultaneous display of 2 images (1 channel RGB and the other IR). Operates at 940nm. Noise An unwanted random signal. Non-Interlace Also known as progressive scan. Describes how video frames are drawn which, in this case, is completely from top to bottom at every screen update

Non-Sync

Audio played in a theatre, generally from a CD, when the cinematic presentation is not running, such as during intermissions and prior to the start of film presentation.

Notch Filter

A filter used to separate the chroma signal from the luminance signal in composite video. A comb filter does the

same task, only better, because it filters resonant frequencies as well.

NTSC Video

A 525-line resolution video output format of some video tape and disk players. There are two types of NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) video: NTSC 3.58 and NTSC 4.43. NTSC 3.58 is used primarily in North America and Japan. NTSC 4.43 is less commonly used.

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer. A company that gathers components from other manufacturers and sells

under their own name. An OEM version of a product is supported by the seller, not the actual manufacturer.

Optical Screen

A type of rear-projection screen which re-directs light through the screen to increase image brightness in front of the screen. Screen gain is usually greater than 1 but audience viewing angles are reduced.

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OSD

On Screen Display. Menu shown on display device screen allowing display adjustment without having dedicated

physical controls such as knobs or buttons for each adjustable parameter

PAL Video

PAL (Phase Alternating Line) video is a 50 Hz standard with 768 x 576 resolution. It is found on some video tape and disk players (used primarily in Europe, China and some South American and African countries).

Parallax

The difference in alignment when an object is viewed from one eye or the other.

PCF

Projector Configuration File, or Presentation Control File. A small file created by the content owner or installer that controls the presentation of the elements and data subdivisions constituting a single version of a title. The text component may identify the name of the title, its owner, its length, event points, and other attributes. The PCF specifies color space, target color gamut, gamma (a.k.a. de-gamma), aspect ratio and image position settings. It does not include screen masking (cropping) information. PCFs were originally intended as part of content distribution.

Phase

The characteristic of when a wave is at its peak, trough, or zero point going up or down. Measured in degrees.

Two sine waves of the same frequency that are 180 degrees out of phase will cancel each other out, yielding no

signal.

Pincushion

A distortion of the image shape characterized by concave edges.

Pixel (Picture Element)

The smallest discernible element of data from a computer-generated image.

Pixel Clock Rate

Pixel clock rate describes the speed at which incoming data is processed, and is dependant on the native resolution and vertical frequency (such as 1280 x 1024 x 60Hz, or 2048 x 1080 x 24Hz) of the incoming source.

Pixel Phase

The phase of the pixel-sampling clock relative to incoming data.

Pixel Tracking

The frequency of the pixel-sampling clock, indicated by the number of pixels per line.

Play List

A small file or script typically created by the exhibitor or installer that specifies the sequence of presentation of programs, including features and trailers.

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Playout

The equipment in a digital cinema theatre which delivers previously recorded signals in real time to the playback system. The playout may also receive, store, and process these signals prior to delivering them.

Post Production

The phase in film-making that occurs primarily after production ends; its processes include picture editing, sound effects editing and mixing, ADR, Foley, titles and opticals, dubbing and print mastering, CGI and visual effects, and scoring.

Production Aperture

The area (in pixels, for digital images) that constitutes the entire motion picture frame image. Compare: active picture.

Projector-to-Screen-Distance

The distance between the projector's front feet centers and the screen. Also called "Throw Distance".

Rainbow Effect An image anomaly that can be seen by a small percentage of people when viewing a single chip DLPTM front or rear projection system. The anomaly appears as a color breakup at the edge of objects when the eye transitions rapidly between light and dark areas of the image. The problem is characteristic of sequential color systems with low refresh rates. Rear Screen A translucent panel for screen projection. Incident light travels through the incident surface of a rear screen and forms an image on the other surface. Refresh Rate The speed at which a display updates its picture given in Hz. Resizing The ability to manipulate through software commands the physical size, placement and/or aspect ratio of an image. Resolution (lens) The maximum number of alternate white and black horizontal lines that can be distinguished on a screen when a photographic target is placed between the lens and a light source and illuminated by that source. Resolution (Projector) The maximum number of pixels that the projector can display horizontally and vertically across an image, such as 1024 x 768 (called XGA). Retrace Time (Horizontal) The minimum time required for a CRT projector to move the position of the scanning spot from the right edge to the left edge.

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Ribbon driver Used when describing the high/mid frequency driver used in the Christie Vive Audio speakers. Ribbon driver Ribbon drivers high/mid frequency drivers, which are composed of a very strong and lightweight thin metalized (PEN or polyimide) film ribbon with circuit traces on it suspended between a set of high power magnets. They are direct radiators and do not require a horn to produce sound. Ribbon driver speaker - how it works Ribbon drivers are composed of a very strong and lightweight thin metalized (PEN or polyimide) film ribbon with circuit traces on it suspended between a set of high power neodymium magnets. They are direct radiators and do not require a horn to produce sound. When alternating current from an amplifier is applied to the ribbon, this causes it to be alternatively repelled and attracted by the magnets. This vibration of the ribbon generates sound waves directly. Ribbon driver line array or line array Used when describing the design of the Christie Vive Audio line array (LA series) speakers. Ribbon driver technology Used when describing high/mid frequency driver technology used in the Christie Vive Audio speakers. Rise Time The time required by the video amplifier of the projector to increase its output from 10% to 90% of the maximum value. RGB Video The video output (analog or digital) of most computers. Analog RGB video can have 3, 4, or 5 wires - one each for red, green, and blue, and either none, one or two for sync. For three-wire RGB, the green wire usually provides sync. (See TTL Video). RS-232 A common asynchronous data transmission standard recommended by the Electronics Industries Association (EIA). Also called serial communication. Voltage level is ±3V to +15V. RS-422 A less common asynchronous data transmission standard in which balanced differential voltage is specified. RS-422 is especially suited to long distances. Voltage level is -6V to +6V (maximum differential Voltage).

S-Video The output from certain video tape players and video equipment. S-Video separates sync and luminance from color information, typically producing a higher quality display than composite video. Saturation Saturation is a measure of color intensity. In the absence of saturation the color hue is a shade of grey. A highly saturated hue has a vivid, intense color, while a less saturated hue appears more muted and grey.

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Scan Frequency The horizontal or vertical frequency at which images are generated. Also known as scan rate or refresh rate. Scan Line One horizontal line on the display. Scan Rate The horizontal or vertical frequency at which images are generated. Screen attenuation Interaction of sound from speaker with a perforated projection screen. Screen channel speaker Full range speaker system used for screen channels, placed behind the projection screen.

Christie LA series (Line Array) speaker, including: LA1, LA3, plus an appropriate subwoofer.

Examples of LA Series plus Subwoofer: LA1 / S115 and LA3 / S215.

Note that future additions to product line will include other screen channel models. SECAM A video output format of some video tape and disk players (used primarily in France). SECAM (Sequential Couleur á Mémoire) signals are similar in resolution and frequency to PAL signals. The primary difference between the two standards is in the way color information is encoded. Source The device, such as a computer or VCR, connected to the projector for display. A source may have numerous corresponding channels defined and recognized by the projector. See Input. SPL (Sound Pressure Level) An absolute measurement of effective sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value, measured in decibels (dB SPL) relative to a standard reference level. Standard audio formats 5.1 and 7.1.

Standard surround sound configurations. Subwoofer A speaker dedicated to reproducing lower audio frequencies.

Includes the Christie S115, S215 and S218.

The Christie S218 is specifically designed for Low Frequency Effects (LFE). Surround speaker (Christie LA3S) Includes LA3S, which is a dedicated surround speaker.

Also includes LA series speakers, when used as corner or distributed surround speakers.

Used to reproduce surround audio channels in theaters.

Note that future additions to product line will include other surround channel models.

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Ideal listening area / sweet spot / speaker coverage area The focal point of between multiple speakers where listener hears each channel at nearly the exact same reference level and imaging effects is optimized. In the case of cinema audio systems, it is the focal point between 5 or more speakers, plus subwoofer(s). Switcher A signal selector that can be connected to a projector for the purpose of adding more sources. SYNC This term refers to the part of the video signal that is used to stabilize the picture. Sync can occur in three forms: • "Composite sync": the horizontal and vertical components are together on one cable. • "Sync-on-green": the sync is part of the green video. • "Separate sync" or "H.SYNC and V.SYNC": the horizontal and vertical components of the sync are on two separate cables. SYNC WIDTH The duration of each sync pulse generated by a computer. The sync width is part of the blanking time.

TTL Video A type of RGB video with digital characteristics. Terminated A wire connecting a single video source to a display device, such as a projector, must be terminated by a resistance (usually 75Ω for video). Throw Distance The distance between the front feet of the projector and the screen. Also called "Projector-to-Screen Distance". Always use the correct Christie throw distance formula to calculate the proper throw distance (±5%) required for your lens. Throw Ratio Throw ratio = throw distance / screen width. Typically used to differentiate lenses. Timbre matching Refers to the matching of sonic characteristics, or signature, from one speaker to another, so that the same content will sound the same when panned between speakers in an auditorium. Exact timbre match is achieved using the exact same drivers in the same configuration. TINT Balance of red-to-green necessary for realistic representation of NTSC signals. TMDS Transition Minimized Differential Signaling is the basis for DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

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Trailer Motion picture material presented prior to screening of the feature, so called because they were originally presented following the feature. Trailers are generally manufactured and created by the distributor in close cooperation with the producer; they are distributed by trailer specialists at no charge. Types of trailers include previews, teasers, house and/or policy trailers, advertisements, and public service announcements. Transient response Response time of an audio system to a signal with increasing or decreasing level. It is especially challenging to

reproduce a signal that rapidly increases or decreases in level and/or the signal is of short duration. Faster

transient response results in greater accuracy and reduced distortion.

Unicode

The Unicode method of encoding produces a very large character set typically required for ASCII messaging in non-Western languages such as Chinese, Russian, etc. In unicode, every number (code) is unique to a single character. A limited number of TPC functions can be executed remotely via unicode or non-unicode (default) messaging—this is auto-detected.

Uniformity

A measurement of the evenness of the brightness of white or a particular color across a display indicated as a

percentage. A measurement of 80% means the brightness of an image is 20% less at its dimmest point compared

to its brightest.

Variable Scan

The ability of a projector to synchronize to inputs with frequencies within a specified range.

Vertical Banding

An image artifact that can appear on LCD projectors due to variations in manufacturing. Usually occurs in picture

mid-grays.

Vertical Blanking Interval

Period of time that the electron beam of a CRT is turned of to reposition itself from the bottom right of the

screen to the top left after painting a field or frame.

Vertical Frequency

The frequency at which images are generated. Vertical frequencies vary amongst sources. Also called vertical scan rate.

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Vertical Lens Shift The purpose of Lens Shift is to eliminate keystoning and provide greater flexibility in the placement of the projector relative to the screen. Lens shift may be a manual adjustment or motorized depending on the projector. Vertical lens shift will typically allow the projector to be placed anywhere between 1.5 screen heights above or below the center of the projection screen and may also be used to geometrically align images when stacking projectors. Horizontal lens shift is also available on some projectors

Vertical Offset

The difference between the center of the projected image and the center of the projector lens. For clarity, offset is often expressed as the maximum amount of the image that can be projected above or below the lens center without degrading the image quality. Vertical offset ranges depend on the type of lens in use, and whether or not the image is offset horizontally at the same time.

VESA

The Video Electronic Standards Association establishes standards of communication between electronic components to help ensure universal compatibility.

Video

The signal that is used by display devices (such as projectors) to generate an image. This term also refers to the output of video tape/disk players and computers.

Video Decoder

An optional device that converts NTSC 3.58, NTSC 4.4, PAL, PAL-N, PAL-M or SECAM to RGB video.

Video Standard

A specific type of video signal, such as NTSC, PAL, SECAM. This projector can automatically recognize and interpret the incoming standard and display accordingly. VIEWING ANGLE Screens do not reflect equally in all directions. Most light is reflected in a conical volume centered around the "line of best viewing". Maximum brightness is perceived if you are within the viewing cone defined by the horizontal and vertical viewing angles.

Watt

A unit of power. Volts multiplied by amperage equals watts.

White Level The signal level that corresponds to the maximum picture brightness. The white level is set by the contrast control.

White Balance

The color temperature of white used by the projector.

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White Field

The area of an image that is white only. For example, a full white field is an image that is white everywhere. A 10% white field is a white area (usually rectangular) that occupies 10% of the image; the remaining 90% is black.

YcbCr

A high-end digital component video signal.

YPbPr

A high-end analog component video signal. Sometimes called YUV, Component, or Y, R-Y, B-Y, the YPbPr signal by-passes the video decoder in this projector. Different from RGB Video. Red and Blue both have a -5V DC offset.

YUV

See YPbPr.

Zoom

The adjustment of image size by means of a zoom lens. Zoom Lens A lens with a variable focal length providing the ability to adjust the size of a projected image without moving the projector or provide a range of projector placements that can produce the same size image. Zoom Ratio Zoom ratio is the ratio between the smallest and largest image a lens can projector from a fixed distance. For example, a 1.4:1 zoom lens ratio means that a 10 foot image without zoom would be a 14 foot image with full zoom. Conversely, a 10 foot diagonal image at 15 feet with no zoom would still be a 10 image at 21 feet at maximum zoom (15 x 1.4 = 21 feet). A zoom lens is "not as bright" as a fixed lens, and the higher the ratio, the less light output.

References:

1. Projector Central (Glossary of Projector Terms) 2. Extron Electronics (Digital A/V Glossary) 3. Projector People (Glossary of Common Presentation Terms) 4. Christie Digital (Product Development Team)

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Every effort has been made to ensure the information in this document is accurate and reliable, however in

some cases changes in the specifications may not be reflected in this document. Christie reserves the right to

make changes to specifications at any time without notice.

Glossary v2.0 Aug14

training.christiedigital.com