04/19/23 1

GLOBALIZATION:STAKES GLOBALIZATION:STAKES FOR EUROPEAN AND FOR EUROPEAN AND

INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNIONSUNIONS

From «old» to «new Labor From «old» to «new Labor Economics»Economics»

Mario MurteiraMario Murteira

(ISCTE, Lisbon)(ISCTE, Lisbon)

04/19/23 2

GLOBALIZATION AND TRADE UNIONSGLOBALIZATION AND TRADE UNIONSsummarysummary

Models of economic growthModels of economic growth Transitions to the global marketTransitions to the global market The «market friendly approach» and the The «market friendly approach» and the

new role of Statenew role of State The impact of China in the global marketThe impact of China in the global market Old and new «Labor Economics»Old and new «Labor Economics» Trade unions in the 21st CenturyTrade unions in the 21st Century

04/19/23 3

PREDOMINANT ROLE PREDOMINANT ROLE OF SERVICESOF SERVICES

KNOWLEDGE AS KNOWLEDGE AS STRATEGIC STRATEGIC INVESTMENTINVESTMENT

KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE WORKERSWORKERS

INNOVATION INNOVATION AND AND

ENTREPRENEURSHIPENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE NEW GROWTH MODELTHE NEW GROWTH MODEL

04/19/23 4

Accumulation of fixed Accumulation of fixed capitalcapital

IndustrializationIndustrialization Technical progress as Technical progress as

« residual factor»« residual factor» USSR paradigm: USSR paradigm:

heavy industry, central heavy industry, central and self reliant and self reliant planningplanning

THE «OLD» GROWTH THE «OLD» GROWTH MODELMODEL

04/19/23 5

THE RECENT WAVE OF THE RECENT WAVE OF GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION

Transitions since the last quarter of the 20th Transitions since the last quarter of the 20th CenturyCentury

End of the Second and Third «Worlds»End of the Second and Third «Worlds» Trends in Foreign Direct InvestmentTrends in Foreign Direct Investment The new ICTThe new ICT Globalization of capital and globalization of Globalization of capital and globalization of

knowledgeknowledge What is «globalization», after all ?What is «globalization», after all ?

04/19/23 6

Labour in developed Labour in developed capitalism in the capitalism in the «golden years» «golden years» (1945/75)(1945/75)

Employment structureEmployment structure Blue collar unionismBlue collar unionism Full employment as Full employment as

major policy goalmajor policy goal «Welfare State»«Welfare State» Population growthPopulation growth

FROM THE FROM THE OLDOLD TO THE TO THE NEWNEW LABOR LABOR ECONOMICSECONOMICS

04/19/23 7

From the manual worker to the «knowledge From the manual worker to the «knowledge worker»worker»

New employment New employment structurestructure

Flexibilization of the Flexibilization of the labor marketlabor market

New demographic New demographic conditionsconditions

Crisis in retirement Crisis in retirement funding funding

«Elephants» and «Elephants» and «fleas» (Handy)«fleas» (Handy)

04/19/23 8

GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMICSKNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMICS

OPORTUNITIESOPORTUNITIES New knowledge and New knowledge and

innovationinnovation Poverty reductionPoverty reduction Convergence in the Convergence in the

world economyworld economy «Human «Human

development»development» Local, national and Local, national and

global citizenshipglobal citizenship Globutopia scenarioGlobutopia scenario

THREATSTHREATS «Economy based «Economy based

knowledge»knowledge» Increasing exclusion Increasing exclusion

and inequalityand inequality Employment Employment

«flexibility»«flexibility» Globalization and de-Globalization and de-

regulation of capital regulation of capital flowsflows

«Alfavela» scenario«Alfavela» scenario

04/19/23 9

THE «MARKET FRIENDLY THE «MARKET FRIENDLY APPROACH»APPROACH»

A new approach to the A new approach to the economic role of the economic role of the statestate

«Structural «Structural competitivity» in competitivity» in competition for competition for Foreign Direct Foreign Direct InvestmentInvestment

The Washington The Washington ConsensusConsensus

The EU Lisbon The EU Lisbon Strategy and its Strategy and its reformulationreformulation

The European «social The European «social model» in questionmodel» in question

EU facing EU facing globalizationglobalization

The search for The search for «another «another globalization» globalization»

04/19/23 10

THE IMPACT OF CHINA AND THE THE IMPACT OF CHINA AND THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE

GLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKET The «Open door» and the The «Open door» and the

«One country two «One country two systems» strategies in systems» strategies in China´s transition to the China´s transition to the global market in the last global market in the last 30 years30 years

The fast growth of the The fast growth of the Chinese economy and its Chinese economy and its implications for the implications for the growth of the world growth of the world economyeconomy

Value and capital Value and capital accumulation in the global accumulation in the global marketmarket

The transnational The transnational managemnt of the value managemnt of the value chainchain

The internal demand of The internal demand of the Chinese economy as the Chinese economy as great engine of world great engine of world economic growtheconomic growth

The growing outflow of The growing outflow of Chinese exports and FDIChinese exports and FDI

04/19/23 11

MORAL OF THE STORYMORAL OF THE STORY

Post-national or transnational Post-national or transnational capitalismcapitalism

The great engine of world The great engine of world economic growth seems to be economic growth seems to be moving from West to Eastmoving from West to East

TNC as global playersTNC as global players The labor market is increasingly The labor market is increasingly

globalglobal «Globalization» is probably the «Globalization» is probably the

major and determinant trend of major and determinant trend of our «age of transitions»our «age of transitions»

04/19/23 12

TRADE UNIONS IN THE 21stTRADE UNIONS IN THE 21stCENTURYCENTURY

Are trade unions obsolete?Are trade unions obsolete? Trade unions as transnational actorsTrade unions as transnational actors The need for global agreementsThe need for global agreements The search for a social dimension of The search for a social dimension of

globalizationglobalization New models for social cohesion in EuropeNew models for social cohesion in Europe EU as an interactive framework supporting EU as an interactive framework supporting

trade unionstrade unions