Globalization Theories

Quiz1. Name two of the three types of globalism the author

discusses.

2. (see above)

3. What are theories called that counter the global norm?

4. Which American figure does the author go into great detail about as an economic nationalist?

5. Anti-WTO protests in 1999 literally shut down what city?

TheoriesGlobalisms• Ideologies about globalization• Categories are broad• Encompass economic, political, cultural,

environmental elements• Objectives • Identify values• Institute agenda• Influence policies¤

Theories• 3 competing globalism theories• Market• Justice• Religious

• Market is dominant• Justice- political left• Religious- religious right• Not anti- but alter-globalization

• Why is market dominant? Why are the other alter- instead of anti-?• National-populists, economic protectionists• American Tea Party, French Front Nationale

¤

Market Globalism

Market GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Free market norms

• Agenda• Open economic interaction

• Influence policies• Promote neoliberal norms in states, IOs¤

Market Globalism• Dominant paradigm• Economic focus• Depends on political structures• Requires cultural interaction• Common language for economic exchange

• Symbiotic relationship with environment• Raw materials¤

Market GlobalismWho pushes market globalism?• MNCs • Promoted by GN IOs• IGOs: WTO, WB, IMF, OECD• NGO: World Economic Forum (WEF)• Business & political leaders, other select elites

• Consumer demand¤

Market Globalism: Criticisms

Anti-market activities• Ultra-nationalism• ‘Buy American’

• Economic protectionism• Tariffs, quotas, etc.

MG dominated by GN, big economies ¤

Market Globalism: CriticismsDo you think the author offered a balanced approach to these theories?

The Facts (and note about stats)• MG is based on capitalist principles• Must expand to thrive• Exploitative

• System growth is asymmetrical• More people benefit, but not everyone

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Justice Globalism

Justice GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Egalitarianism

• Agenda• Global solidarity• Distributive justice

• Influence policies• Protect citizens • Market globalism- ‘extreme profit strategies’• Religious globalism- fundamentalism¤

Justice GlobalismConcern for human beings• Basic rights• Food, clothing, shelter, etc.

• Abstract rights• Freedom of religion, right to education, etc.

• Issues• GN/GS disparities, environment, fair trade, labor,

women’s issues, sexual orientation, etc.¤

Justice Globalism• Result of ‘social justice movement’• Local well-being in era of globalization• Same global rights regardless of location• Leftist reaction to MG

• Promote ‘global civil society’• Network of NGOs• World Social Forum- counter to WEF¤

Justice GlobalismBattle in Seattle, 1999• Anti-WTO protests• Relied on globalization elements to be effective• Simultaneous demonstrations around world

• Other meeting protests• WB, IMF, WEF, EU Summit, etc.¤

Justice Globalism: CriticismsGN domination• GN NGOs have more• Money, technology, time, leverage, access

• Culturally dominate• ‘We know best’ attitude¤

Religious Globalism

Religious GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Reactionary religious zealotry

• Agenda• Promote extreme fundamentalism• Unite believers • 1/3 of Muslims live as minorities = global plight for

Muslim fundamentalists• Spread the word

• Influence policies• Protect citizens • Outside forces that dilute religious, community culture¤

Religious Globalism• An ideology, seeks to promote a religious cause• Advocate violence to realize objectives• Religious groups adopt this theory, seek to implement• Islam• Al-Qaeda, Muslim fundamentalism organization

• Judaism • Jewish Defense League, militant Jewish organization

• Christianity• Army of God, Christian terrorist anti-abortion organization

• Hindu• Saffron terror, right-wing Hindu nationalism movement

• Buddhism • Unrest in Sri Lanka; problems in Burma/Myanmar

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Jihadism• Eliminate western threat• Promote religious state structure• Unite global religious community

• Al-Qaeda most successful thus far• Far-reaching • Use glob. to facilitate mvt.

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Globalization Recap

• Theories • Dominant- economic• Others- political, social• None mutually exclusive• Rely on globalization

• Criticisms of each ¤