Globalization: nation-states in global flows

KGA171 The Global Geography of ChangePresented by Associate Professor Elaine StratfordSemester 1

Globalization – portmanteau and contested term

Protest in Hong-Kong against WTO in December 2005

LOOKING FORWARD, LOOKING BACK

Part 1

Revising Module 7 Lecture 11. Define the following and exemplify their

meanings:a. stateb. sovereign c. territorialityd. natione. regnumf. dominium

2. What is the Peace of Westphalia and why is it significant in relation to statehood?

3. What is meant by the assertion that a nation-state is an ideal alignment between shared culture and territory?

4. What are the key spatial characteristics of decolonization after 1945 and what geopolitical trends do they represent?

5. What might Kurdistan, Sri Lanka and parts of Spain and France have in common? Man thinking

Learning Objectives

Module 7 Lecture 2Be able to:• describe and explain some of the key

characteristics of globalization, liberalism and neoliberalism

• convey the importance of transnationalism as a part of globalization

• argue the merits of the case both for and against the idea that globalization is merely a disguise for westernization

KGA171• demonstrate knowledge of

geographical concepts, earth and social systems and spatial patterns of change

• create and interpret basic maps, graphs and field data

• identify and analyse different viewpoints to contribute to debates about global development

• communicate in reflective and academic writing, referencing literature when needed

Textbook Reading Bergman and Renwick (2008) read pp.246-255, 521-29

and scan Chapter 13

Extension reading:Starr, Amory and Adams, Jason (2003) Anti-globalization:

The Global Fight for Local Autonomy, New Political Science 25(1) pp.19 - 42.

Critical reading1.What is the author’s purpose?2.What key questions or problems does the author raise?3.What information, data and evidence does the author present?4.What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence?5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? 6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?[from Foundation for Critical Thinking] Man reading a book

LIBERALISM AND NEOLIBERALISMPart 2

LiberalismJeremy Bentham, founding figure of liberalism as a political movement, painted by Henry William Pickersgill, date unknown. Also John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill

Property rights

John Locke, by Herman Verelst, date unknown

Property – key to prosperity

Blenheim Palace, from Jones's Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen (1829)

Social contractsImmanuel Kant Steel engraving by J. L. Raab, 1791 after a painting by Döbler

Alternative perspectives on property

Pierre Joseph ProudhonGustave Courbet, 1865

NeoliberalismMargaret Thatcher, ex Prime Minister of Great Britain and a key advocate of neoliberal policy

Bretton Woods, New HampshireA multi-national agreement which was created after World War II to ensure international monetary management and determine how commercial and financial relations would be determined among industrialized states was signed at this location in 1944. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank were established at the same time.

Resistance to neoliberal excessesGraffiti protesting the poll tax, Huddersfield, London

A TRANSNATIONAL ORDER?Part 3

Economic globalizationDiffusion of McDonalds Restaurants around the globe. Note that sub-

national subtleties are not shown well in the map. For instance Tasmania did not have a McDonalds in the period pictured.

Lloyds Bank Subscription Room As drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Thomas Rowlandson's Microcosm of London (1808-11)

MNCs and TNCs Pattern of colours formed by oil on water

UNCTAD (2008) World Investment Report: Transnational Corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge, UNCTAD, New York

Foreign direct investment

“investment in enterprises that are actually operated by a foreign owner” (Bergman and Renwick 2008, p.522)

Regional International AssociationsNation-State

Bergman and Renwick (2008) p.557

Uneven geographies of foreign direct investmentFour Asian Tigers-South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, SingaporeNew Asian Tigers-Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, ThailandChina

Is the World Trade Organization problematic?

YouTube video of 4.38 minutes.

A GLOBAL CULTURE?Part 4

Cultural imperialism

Photograph of an 1888 portrait of the Emperor Meiji by Italian painter Eduardo Chiossone (1833—1898)

Globalization and homogenization

Knox and Marsden (2004) p.198

Globalization and hybridity?

Globalization and resistance"Radical reform movements aim to subordinate corporations to established frameworks of democracy" (Starr and Adams 2003, p.20).

Alternative futures

There is an often unspoken perception that modernization will not deliver and that leads to “creative articulation of alternative development paths which center indigenous knowledge, equitable attention to the perspectives of men and women, and the decommodification of nature” (Starr and Adams 2003, p.37).