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GlobalizationGlobalization
CMN 2168CMN 2168
1. Globalisation can be understood and 1. Globalisation can be understood and theorised differently according to the theorised differently according to the particular field one refers to. If we take an particular field one refers to. If we take an economic perspective, globalisation is best economic perspective, globalisation is best defined asdefined as
a. the economic interdependence of different nations a. the economic interdependence of different nations made possible thanks to financial exchanges only;made possible thanks to financial exchanges only;
b. the economic interdependence of different nations b. the economic interdependence of different nations through international transactions in goods and through international transactions in goods and services and fast and widespread diffusion of (new) services and fast and widespread diffusion of (new) technologies;technologies;
c. A and B;c. A and B;d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
1. Globalisation can be understood and 1. Globalisation can be understood and theorised differently according to the theorised differently according to the particular field one refers to. If we take an particular field one refers to. If we take an economic perspective, globalisation is best economic perspective, globalisation is best defined asdefined as
a. the economic interdependence of different nations a. the economic interdependence of different nations made possible thanks to financial exchanges only;made possible thanks to financial exchanges only;
b. the economic interdependence of different b. the economic interdependence of different nations through international transactions in nations through international transactions in goods and services and fast and widespread goods and services and fast and widespread diffusion of (new) technologies;diffusion of (new) technologies;
c. A and B;c. A and B;d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
2. Globalization is based on the 2. Globalization is based on the Washington consensus, whichWashington consensus, which
a. is a synonymous for neo-liberalism;a. is a synonymous for neo-liberalism;
b. marks a willingness to erase all obstacles to b. marks a willingness to erase all obstacles to its own development (public services, its own development (public services, protectionist measures etc);protectionist measures etc);
c. aims at rationalizing all activities and c. aims at rationalizing all activities and services;services;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;
e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
2. Globalization is based on the 2. Globalization is based on the Washington consensus, whichWashington consensus, which
a. is a synonymous for neo-liberalism;a. is a synonymous for neo-liberalism;
b. marks a willingness to erase all obstacles to b. marks a willingness to erase all obstacles to its own development (public services, its own development (public services, protectionist measures etc);protectionist measures etc);
c. aims at rationalizing all activities and c. aims at rationalizing all activities and services;services;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;
e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
3. According to Bourdieu, neo-liberal 3. According to Bourdieu, neo-liberal doctrine has succeeded in imposing itself doctrine has succeeded in imposing itself without being questioned partly thanks without being questioned partly thanks to euphemisms. By this he meant thatto euphemisms. By this he meant that
a. language cannot express the complexity of a. language cannot express the complexity of the global order;the global order;
b. language has been used to soften the b. language has been used to soften the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;
c. language has been used to direct attention to c. language has been used to direct attention to the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;
d. A and B;d. A and B;e. A and C.e. A and C.
3. According to Bourdieu, neo-liberal 3. According to Bourdieu, neo-liberal doctrine has succeeded in imposing doctrine has succeeded in imposing itself without being questioned partly itself without being questioned partly thanks to euphemisms. By this he meant thanks to euphemisms. By this he meant thatthat
a. language cannot express the complexity of a. language cannot express the complexity of the global order;the global order;
b. language has been used to soften the b. language has been used to soften the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by opting for specific expressions and by opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;vocabulary;
c. language has been used to direct attention c. language has been used to direct attention to the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine to the negative effects of neo-liberal doctrine by opting for specific expressions and by opting for specific expressions and vocabulary;vocabulary;
d. A and B;d. A and B;e. A and C.e. A and C.
4. Alter-globalization promotes4. Alter-globalization promotes
a. a new form of resistance against a. a new form of resistance against sceptics;sceptics;
b. a new type of globalization;b. a new type of globalization;
c. both;c. both;
d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
4. Alter-globalization promotes4. Alter-globalization promotes
a. a new form of resistance against a. a new form of resistance against sceptics;sceptics;
b. a new type of globalization;b. a new type of globalization;
c. both;c. both;
d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
5. What does ‘liberal’ mean?5. What does ‘liberal’ mean?a. ‘liberal’ can mean socially progressive;a. ‘liberal’ can mean socially progressive;b. ‘liberal’ refers to a political doctrine that b. ‘liberal’ refers to a political doctrine that
advocates limited state intervention in advocates limited state intervention in individual freedom; individual freedom;
c. ‘liberal’ refers to the doctrine of free c. ‘liberal’ refers to the doctrine of free enterprise, according to which the State is enterprise, according to which the State is not supposed to intervene in the market; not supposed to intervene in the market;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
5. What does ‘liberal’ mean?5. What does ‘liberal’ mean?a. ‘liberal’ can mean socially progressive;a. ‘liberal’ can mean socially progressive;b. ‘liberal’ refers to a political doctrine that b. ‘liberal’ refers to a political doctrine that
advocates limited state intervention in advocates limited state intervention in individual freedom; individual freedom;
c. ‘liberal’ refers to the doctrine of free c. ‘liberal’ refers to the doctrine of free enterprise, according to which the State is enterprise, according to which the State is not supposed to intervene in the market; not supposed to intervene in the market;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
6. What is the financial logic?6. What is the financial logic?a. It is related to new media / new a. It is related to new media / new
technologies and their exceptional technologies and their exceptional rational capacity;rational capacity;
b. It is related to neo-liberalism and is b. It is related to neo-liberalism and is best defined as a constant willingness best defined as a constant willingness to increase profit and share value;to increase profit and share value;
c. both;c. both;d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
6. What is the financial logic?6. What is the financial logic?
a. It is related to new media / new a. It is related to new media / new technologies and their exceptional rational technologies and their exceptional rational capacity;capacity;
b. It is related to neo-liberalism and is b. It is related to neo-liberalism and is best defined as a constant willingness best defined as a constant willingness to increase profit and share value;to increase profit and share value;
c. both;c. both;
d. none of the above.d. none of the above.
7. Hard and Negri have labelled 7. Hard and Negri have labelled globalization globalization EmpireEmpire. By this they . By this they mean that mean that
a. the dichotomy centre-periphery remains a. the dichotomy centre-periphery remains central to globalization;central to globalization;
b. the dichotomy centre-periphery is no b. the dichotomy centre-periphery is no longer pertinent;longer pertinent;
c. Empire is a move beyond sovereignty;c. Empire is a move beyond sovereignty;d. A and B;d. A and B;e. B and C.e. B and C.
7. Hard and Negri have labelled 7. Hard and Negri have labelled globalization globalization EmpireEmpire. By this they . By this they mean that mean that
a. the dichotomy centre-periphery remains a. the dichotomy centre-periphery remains central to globalization;central to globalization;
b. the dichotomy centre-periphery is no b. the dichotomy centre-periphery is no longer pertinent;longer pertinent;
c. Empire is a move beyond sovereignty;c. Empire is a move beyond sovereignty;d. A and B;d. A and B;e. B and C.e. B and C.
8. Which one of the following 8. Which one of the following characteristics is not related to characteristics is not related to Empire?Empire?
a. Empire does not rely on the traditional a. Empire does not rely on the traditional centre-periphery dichotomy;centre-periphery dichotomy;
b. Empire necessitates a separation of the b. Empire necessitates a separation of the economic from other aspects of economic from other aspects of contemporary life;contemporary life;
c. Empire possesses its own logic;c. Empire possesses its own logic;d. A and B;d. A and B;e. B and C.e. B and C.
8. Which one of the following 8. Which one of the following characteristics is not related to characteristics is not related to Empire?Empire?
a. Empire does not rely on the traditional a. Empire does not rely on the traditional centre-periphery dichotomy;centre-periphery dichotomy;
b. Empire necessitates a separation of b. Empire necessitates a separation of the economic from other aspects of the economic from other aspects of contemporary life;contemporary life;
c. Empire possesses its own logic;c. Empire possesses its own logic;d. A and B;d. A and B;e. B and C.e. B and C.
9. A doxa is 9. A doxa is
a. a type of ideology directly related to a. a type of ideology directly related to globalization;globalization;
b. a type of ideology directly related to neo-b. a type of ideology directly related to neo-liberalism;liberalism;
c. a type of ideology that aims at mostly c. a type of ideology that aims at mostly promoting globalization;promoting globalization;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;
e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
9. A doxa is 9. A doxa is
a. a type of ideology directly related to a. a type of ideology directly related to globalization;globalization;
b. a type of ideology directly related to neo-b. a type of ideology directly related to neo-liberalism;liberalism;
c. a type of ideology that aims at mostly c. a type of ideology that aims at mostly promoting globalization;promoting globalization;
d. all of the above;d. all of the above;
e. none of the above.e. none of the above.
10. What is technological determinism?10. What is technological determinism?a. it is the notion that technology is directly a. it is the notion that technology is directly
determined by specific social contexts and determined by specific social contexts and cannot transform society;cannot transform society;
b. it is the notion that technology is b. it is the notion that technology is independent of social contexts and can have independent of social contexts and can have a powerful impact on society;a powerful impact on society;
c. it is the notion that technology is c. it is the notion that technology is unavoidable;unavoidable;
d. it is the notion that popcorn should not be d. it is the notion that popcorn should not be allowed in movie theatres. allowed in movie theatres.
10. What is technological determinism?10. What is technological determinism?a. it is the notion that technology is directly a. it is the notion that technology is directly
determined by specific social contexts and determined by specific social contexts and cannot transform society;cannot transform society;
b. it is the notion that technology is b. it is the notion that technology is independent of social contexts and can independent of social contexts and can have a powerful impact on society;have a powerful impact on society;
c. it is the notion that technology is c. it is the notion that technology is unavoidable;unavoidable;
d. it is the notion that popcorn should not be d. it is the notion that popcorn should not be allowed in movie theatres. allowed in movie theatres.
The CorporationThe Corporation
Neo-liberalismNeo-liberalism
PrivatisationsPrivatisations Liberalisation of trade and financeLiberalisation of trade and finance Supremacy of marketsSupremacy of markets All activities and services need to be All activities and services need to be
rationalized.rationalized.
The CorporationThe Corporation
The corporation's original purpose was to The corporation's original purpose was to serve the public interest. However, its role serve the public interest. However, its role has changed with time.has changed with time.
A LEGAL "PERSON"A LEGAL "PERSON"In the mid-1800s the corporation emerged In the mid-1800s the corporation emerged as a legal "person." Imbued with a as a legal "person." Imbued with a "personality" of pure self-interest, the next "personality" of pure self-interest, the next 100 years saw the corporation's rise to 100 years saw the corporation's rise to dominance. The corporation created dominance. The corporation created unprecedented wealth but at what cost?... unprecedented wealth but at what cost?...
THE PATHOLOGY OF COMMERCE: THE PATHOLOGY OF COMMERCE: CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
To assess the "personality" of the To assess the "personality" of the corporate "person," a checklist is corporate "person," a checklist is employed, using diagnostic criteria of the employed, using diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization and the World Health Organization and the standard diagnostic tool of psychiatrists standard diagnostic tool of psychiatrists and psychologists. The operational and psychologists. The operational principles of the corporation give it a principles of the corporation give it a highly anti-social "personality« .highly anti-social "personality« .
The modern business corporation is created The modern business corporation is created by law to function like a psychopathic by law to function like a psychopathic personality.personality.
Characteristics of a psychopath:Characteristics of a psychopath: Callous unconcern for the feelings of othersCallous unconcern for the feelings of others Incapacity to maintain enduring Incapacity to maintain enduring
relationshipsrelationships Reckless disregard for the safety of othersReckless disregard for the safety of others
Deceitfulness: repeated lying and Deceitfulness: repeated lying and conning others (for profit)conning others (for profit)
Incapacity to experience guiltIncapacity to experience guilt Failure to conform to social norms Failure to conform to social norms
with respect to lawful behviourswith respect to lawful behviours
The corporation = a psychopath.The corporation = a psychopath.
MINDSETMINDSETBut what is the ethical mindset of But what is the ethical mindset of corporate players? Should the corporate players? Should the institution or the individuals within it institution or the individuals within it be held responsible? The people who be held responsible? The people who work for corporations may be good work for corporations may be good people, upstanding citizens in their people, upstanding citizens in their communities, but none of that communities, but none of that matters when they enter the matters when they enter the corporation's world…corporation's world…
MONSTROUS OBLIGATIONSMONSTROUS OBLIGATIONS
The Corporation exists to create The Corporation exists to create wealth, and even world disasters can wealth, and even world disasters can be profit centers. be profit centers.
PLANET INC.PLANET INC.
Corporations have no built-in limits on what, who, Corporations have no built-in limits on what, who, or how much they can exploit for profit… Today, or how much they can exploit for profit… Today, every molecule on the planet is up for grabs. In a every molecule on the planet is up for grabs. In a bid to own it all, corporations are patenting bid to own it all, corporations are patenting animals, plants, even your DNA.animals, plants, even your DNA.
Around things too precious, vulnerable, sacred or Around things too precious, vulnerable, sacred or important to the public interest, governments important to the public interest, governments have, in the past, drawn protective boundaries have, in the past, drawn protective boundaries against corporate exploitation. Today, against corporate exploitation. Today, governments are inviting corporations into governments are inviting corporations into domains from which they were previously barred. domains from which they were previously barred.
PERCEPTION MANAGEMENTPERCEPTION MANAGEMENT
Today people can become brands (Martha Today people can become brands (Martha Stewart). And brands can build cities Stewart). And brands can build cities (Celebration, Florida). And university (Celebration, Florida). And university students can pay for their educations by students can pay for their educations by shilling on national television for a credit shilling on national television for a credit card company (Chris and Luke). And a card company (Chris and Luke). And a corporation even owns the rights to the corporation even owns the rights to the popular song "Happy Birthday" (a division popular song "Happy Birthday" (a division of AOL-Time-Warner). Do you ever get the of AOL-Time-Warner). Do you ever get the feeling it's all a bit much? feeling it's all a bit much?
Corporations have invested billions to Corporations have invested billions to shape public and political opinion. When shape public and political opinion. When they own everything, who will stand for they own everything, who will stand for the public good? the public good?
DEMOCRACY LTD.DEMOCRACY LTD.Democracy is a value that the corporation Democracy is a value that the corporation just doesn't understand. In fact, corporations just doesn't understand. In fact, corporations have often tried to undo democracy if it is an have often tried to undo democracy if it is an obstacle to their single-minded drive for obstacle to their single-minded drive for profit. profit.
And corporations do not hesitate to take And corporations do not hesitate to take advantage of democracy's absence either. advantage of democracy's absence either. One of the most shocking stories of the One of the most shocking stories of the twentieth century is Edwin Black's twentieth century is Edwin Black's recounting IBM's strategic alliance with Nazi recounting IBM's strategic alliance with Nazi Germany-one that began in 1933 in the first Germany-one that began in 1933 in the first weeks that Hitler came to power and weeks that Hitler came to power and continued well into World War II. continued well into World War II.
FISSURESFISSURES
The corporation may be trying to The corporation may be trying to render governments impotent, but render governments impotent, but since the landmark WTO protest in since the landmark WTO protest in Seattle, a rising wave of networked Seattle, a rising wave of networked individuals and groups have decided individuals and groups have decided to make their voices heard...to make their voices heard...
http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=312http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=312
Corporations are required by law to Corporations are required by law to elevate their own interests above elevate their own interests above those of others, making them prone to those of others, making them prone to prey upon and exploit others without prey upon and exploit others without regard for legal rules or moral limits. regard for legal rules or moral limits.
Corporate social responsibility, though Corporate social responsibility, though sometimes yielding positive results, sometimes yielding positive results, most often serves to mask the most often serves to mask the corporation's true character, not to corporation's true character, not to change it. change it.
The corporation's self interest The corporation's self interest victimizes individuals, the victimizes individuals, the environment, and even shareholders, environment, and even shareholders, and can cause corporations to self-and can cause corporations to self-destruct. destruct.
Despite its flawed character, Despite its flawed character, governments have freed the governments have freed the corporation from legal constraints corporation from legal constraints through deregulation, and granted it through deregulation, and granted it ever greater power over society ever greater power over society through privatization. through privatization.
