Global Warming and Its Effects in Turkey

8/21/2019 Global Warming and Its Effects in Turkey

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• GLOBAL WARMINGAND ITS EFFECTS IN

TURKEY


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Global warming is the increase in the Earth’stemperature as a result of greenhouse gasesaccumulated in the atmosphere.

Global Climate Change:

Climate change refers to achange in climate conditions as aresult of global warming.


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THE GREENHOUSE GASES

CoalOil Natural Gases

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

RubbishAnimal Manure

Swamps

Scientists are sure that the greenhouse gasescause global warming by trapping heat in the

atmosphere. The sources of greenhouse gases:


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Halocarbons (CFC, …)

Fridges Aerosols Air onditioners

Diazote monoxide (N2O)

Car Fumes Arti!iial Manures Stubble Fires

Ozon (O3)

Greenhouse Gases and Their Soures


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"ndustrial

#roesses$%&'()*

Transportation

$%&+*

AgriulturalAti,ities $%&-(.*

Energ/prodution$%-&(0*

1astes Storedin the OpenAir$%0(+*

The 1rong Useo! 2and$%&3*

4uildings and CommerialAti,ities$%&3(0*

Fosil Fuels#roessing$%&&(0*

THE RATES OF THE SOURCES OFGREENHOUSE GASES


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5Reduing o! water resoures

5Forest Fires56rought and deserti!iation5Eologial deterioration

Tur7e/ is in the ris7 group o! ountriesa!!eted b/ Global 1arming

THE RESU2TS o! G2O4A2 1ARM"NG "NTUR8E9


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The danger o! global warming in the ri,er

8:;:l:rma7< whih is one o! the longest ri,ersin Tur7e/< has started to a!!et both !ishing

and agriultural in this area(

THE R"=ER8">"2"RMA8 "S

GETT"NG 6R9


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4eause o! Global 1arming< there ha,ebeen a lot o! small islands on the ri,er(


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"n the past< 2a7e Salt< whih is the seondbig la7e in Tur7e/ and pro,ides salt to

Tur7e/< had a great ,iew with its !antasti!eatures(

Now< 2a7e Salt< whose waters ha,ediminished in si;e< about '3 m< is

disappearing(

2a7e Salt is Getting

Smaller


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The salt la/er whih has ome out as aresult o! diminishing o! 2a7e Salt< results inaridit/ on agriultural land b/ wind erosion(


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"n the past< 2a7e Man/as< in whih is the!amous ?4irds #aradise@ National #ar7 isloated< was home to hundreds o! birds(

"t has been reported reentl/ that beauseo! pollution< destrution and drought in 2a7e

Man/as< the number o! bird speies hasdereased to -(

MAN9AS 4"R6S

#ARA6"SE "N THE R"S8OF 6ROUGHT


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The waters o! 2a7e Man/as ha,e reededabout - 7ilometres( "n addition< the depth o!it has delined about 035+3 m(


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2A8E 4B9B8E8MECE

"S GETT"NG SMA22

2a7e 4D/D7e7mee has been reeding( "nthe past< 2a7e 4D/D7e7mee< whih is b/

Marmara Sea< was inlined to !ishing(

BEFOR


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Fishing boats on sandbeause o! reeded water is

showing 2a7e

4D/D7e7mee situation(

AFTER

2 7 A7 hi


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4EFOREAFTER

2a7e A7ehir

4EFORE AFTER

2a7e 4e/ehir

Alib 7 6


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4EFOREAFTER

Alibe/7/ 6am

4EFORE AFTER

Fil/os Stream


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8ON9A #2A"N "S

4ECOM"NG A 6ESSERT

The drought in Tur7e/ resulted !rom globalwarming and shortage o! preipitation< has

been obser,ed in 8on/a #lain( Meanwhile


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G2O4A2 1ARM"NG "S

TR"GGER"NG FOREST F"RES

"n A/,al:7< a touristi plae< a lot o! trees inthe !orest were burnt down(


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One o! the mostimportant results

o! globalwarming andlimate hangein Tur7e/ is theinrease innatural disastersand the ris7 o!

!orest !ires(


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=AN CATS HAS 4EEN AFFECTE6

Meteorologial e!!ets ha,e a bigin!luene on ats@ proli!ia/( Sunra/s@abnormalit/< unbalane in weatheronditions beause o!global warming a!!et theproli!ia/ o! =an Cats(


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OCEAN F"SH ARE COM"NG TOME6"TERRANEAN SEA

Global 1arming results in getting warm o!water in tropial limate region( There!ore<

the !ish speies li,ing in this region areoming to Mediterranean Sea(


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4A22OON F"SH HA=E COMETO MARMARA SEA

"t is strangethat the

4alloon Fish as

one o! thetrophial

ilimate !ishspeies has

reahedMarmara Sea(


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8:;:ldeni; has got warm due to globalwarming( 4eause o! that< poisonous pu!!er!ish $ balloon !ish * li,ing in 8:;:ldeni;< ha,eimmigrated to Aegan Sea and Marmara Sea

through Sue; Canal(


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F"SHERMEN "N 42AC8 SEAREG"ON ARE "N 6ANGER OF

UNEM#2O9MENT

4eause o! global warming< 4la7 Sea isgetting warm and the !ish speies there

are disappearing(


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TOUR"SM HAS 4EENAFFECTE6< TOO

The tourism on the southand west oast o! Tur7e/

will be a!!eted

negati,el/ beause theweather in those regions

will be hotter(


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- Using unqualified coal- Exhaust gases

- Positions of the cities

- nappropriate usage of sto!es and heater- "amaging weather conditions

-

#ransportation- $olid %uels

- Electric power stations-fuels that are used for industr& and heating

- ndustrial operations

'E($)*$ %)' (' P)++U#)* *#U',E


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DİE 2002 yıllığı


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#he following cit& and town centres ha!e thehighest percentages for Particle 6aterial

8P69-dust; a!erages/

-5d1r-sparta

-)smani&e-(&d1n-"


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#he impro!ement of the usage of natural gas at housesand in industr& about the qualit& of air in man& cities3

such as (n2ara3 >stanbul3 7ursa3 ,ocaeli and Es2i?ehir3is decleared.


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Our ountr/ is surrounded b/ 0 seas<

5The 4la7 Sea


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The 4la7 Sea

5Sewages5Trashes and 1astes5Erosion

5Using highwa/s b/ theseasides5"ndustrial institutions

These are the !ators reatingthe sea pollution


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The Marmara Sea

5#h/sial and hemial pollutant5Urban and industrial ati,itie

5Erosion remains


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The Aegean Sea

5Urban and industrial wastes

5#etrol re!ineries5Maritime tra!!i


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The Mediterranean Sea

5Maritime transportation5#etrol re!ineries5#etrol tube line terminal


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E!!eient land areas dereasing beause o!urbani;aton< industriali;ation and

trasportation( The remaining areas aredamaged b/ o,er5!ertili;ingin< mediation<domesti andindustrial

wastes(


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&I( million hetares o! ulti,ation land in

Tur7e/ is eJposed to ,arious 7inds o!erosion(


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E,er/ /ear a land mass that is lose to .33million tons is being lost in Tur7e/( This rateis &()% more than that o! Europe@s( This is a

!at that Tur7e/ is !ae to !ae with aserious deserti!iation(


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Another o!eurosion@s ruial

result is the delineo! water holdingapait/ in damsbeause the/ are

getting !illed withsoil(


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For eJample -K0 o! 6am ubu7 was !illedwith soil in 0.5+3 /ears( "t@s e,en worse in

6am 8eban and it has been pro,ed that itsli!espan has gotten ) times shorter(

h l !i h i h i i


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The onl/ wa/ to !ight with erosion is toplant trees on empt/ areas(


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A massi,e setion o! our plains are in,aidedb/ the industrial areas( "n addition to thisthe plains are pre!erred !or new building

sites(


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"norgani and harm!ul substanesin the waste water remo,ed !rom

industrial organi;ations ause landpollution through irrigation onagriultural land(


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"nitiall/< !ertili;ation has inreased !ertilit/

in agriulture but later it aused a dereasein !ertilit/ on our lands(


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Another negati,e impat o! eJessi,e!ertili;ation was obser,ed in the air andwater pollution( The use o! nitrogen

!ertili;er leads to oJ/gen depletion( At the

same time< it leads to eJessi,e produtiono! methane and nitrate(


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Another reason o! soil< air and water

pollution is agriultural pestiides( Theseproduts lea7 into underground water( 1itherosion< the/ reah seas and la7es( "t an

sometimes be passed to plants(


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"n Tur7e/< there are some regions in whih

agriulture and industr/ go hand in hand("n these regions< agriultural land isontaminated b/ industrial waste(

Lstanbul< L;mir< 4ursa< Adana are eJamples

o! it(


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A!in< Elbistan< 9ataan< 8angal Thermal

#ower #lants and Ali Aa< TDpra Re!ineriesare the most important soures o!

agriultural pollution(


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Soma Thermal #ower #lant ha,e 7illed plantspeies< whih are ) 7m distant !rom it(The bad e!!ets o! 9ataan Thermal #ower

#lant ha,e spread o,er an area o! 0 7m("n these regions< the number o! anerdiseases has been inreased(


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"ndustrial pollution is a!!eted both b/ thegases that are released into the atmosphere

and b/ the hemial wastes that arereleased into the water(


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Gases that inlude arbon dioJide< sul!urand nitrogen ompands are emitted to the

atmosphere and then it returns to the earth

through preipitation(


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"ndustrial wastes in,ol,ed in organi and

inorgani materials and hea,/ metals aretransmitted to the earh b/ irrigation water(


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5Food< elaning produts pa7agings5Mil7 and uie boJes

5Glass or plasti bottles< anned< sala< theglass ars o! hone/ or ams

5Tin and Metal ans< aluminium be,erageboJes

#AC8"NG 1ASTES


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"n -3&0< )- thousand '') tons o! pet

pa7aging waste in Tur7e/ is olleted andontributed to the eonom/ as seondar/raw meterial were noted(

"n -3&0< I- thousand tons o! rubberreo,er/ were pro,ided(

REC92"NG "N TUR8E9

T1O "M#ORTANT E2EMENTS o!


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1ith the permanent planting !orests willinrease and rain drops will inrease( 1e

an pre,ent erosion with preautions( At thesame time our agriulture will impro,e with

these measures(

T1O "M#ORTANT E2EMENTS o!#RE=ENT"ON o! EN="RONMENTA2

#O22UT"ON

T1O "M#ORTANT E2EMENTS o!


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Garbage will be assessed i! the

en,ironmental pollution andresoures will be proteted( 1e

in,ite all the en,ironmentalists and

o!!iials about planting andre/ling(

T1O "M#ORTANT E2EMENTS o!#RE=ENT"ON o! EN="RONMENTA2

#O22UT"ON

Documents

Global Warming and Its Effects in Turkey