PRESENTATION

Presentation Topic :

Presented by : 06-Elec-26

06-Elec-16

06-Elec-27

06-Elec-29

06-Elec-30

06-Elec-31

Presented to : M.Ajmal Khurshid

ALI JAMSHAID

SEEMAB AMIN

USAMA ANWAR

Khurram Asif

Omer Akram

Faizan Khalid

T H E G R E A T E S T T H R E A T

Increase in Temperature Of World

Outline

• Causes

• Impacts

• Future Threats

• What We Can

Do

• Conclusions

Greatest threat

Causes

Causes

Natural

Volcanic

Eruption

Solar

Activities

Man Made

Greenhouse

Effect Pollution

Greatest Threat

Causes

Natural Causes

Volcanic Eruption

HCL vapours

stratosphere

+

= Ozone hole

Solar Activities

•Sun spots

Causes

Solar Activities

Causes

•Solar Flares

Burning carbon-containing fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide

(Combustion)

C + O2 CO2

Causes of warming

Human Activities

Causes

Industrial Actions

Burning of fossil fuels

Ocean Acidification

CO2 + H20 HCO3- + H+

Water becomes

more acidic.

(ACID)

Remains in the

atmosphere

(greenhouse gas)

Dissolves in

sea water

CO2

CO2

Over the last 200 years, about 50% of all CO2 produced on

earth has been absorbed by the ocean. (Royal Society 6/05)

Causes

Solar energy

passes through

Radiant

heat is

trapped

Greenhouse gases in atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect

Causes

“Greenhouse gases”

(e.g. carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, CFC’s) trap heat

in the earth’s atmosphere.

Diagrams © Jennifer Allen

Other Factors:

1) Albedo effect

2) More energy goes directly into warming than into evaporation

3) Atmosphere layer is thinner in the Arctic

4) Increased heat transfer from oceans as sea ice retreats

5) Alterations in atmospheric and ocean circulation

Miscellaneous

Causes of warming

Natural factors only Human factors only

Causes of warming

The Smoking Gun

Natural factors only Human factors only BOTH

Causes of warming

The Smoking Gun

1. Melting ice & glaciers

2. Animals

3. Forests

4. People & Culture

Impacts of Warming

Impacts

Impacts 1. Melting

Melting Sea Ice

The Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2040

2000 2040

Snow and sea ice

reflect 85-90% of sun’s

energy

Ocean surface and

dark soil reflect only

10-20%

It’s like wearing a white shirt v. a black shirt

Aftermaths

Increased melting of snow

and sea ice

More of sun’s heat energy is

absorbed

More dark earth and ocean surface

is exposed

Land or water warms faster

Impacts

• Polar bears

• Walruses

• Ice seals

• Black guillemots

• Kittiwakes

• Salmon

• Caribou

• Arctic grayling

Impacts 2. Animals

Animals at Risk

Rising temperatures

Shrinking habitat

Food harder to get

Expanding diseases

Competition

Polar bears

Walruses

Ice seals

Caribou

Black guillemots

Kittiwakes Salmon

Arctic grayling

Impacts 2. Animals

Polar Bears in Peril

Numbers in

western

Hudson Bay

have

declined 22%

in 17 years

Dall Sheep Dall sheep: “We’re losing our habitat.”

Impacts 2. Animals

Forest Decline: White Spruce

Impacts 3. Forests

Forest Decline: Black Spruce

Impacts 3. Forests

By 2100, predicted temperature scenarios

would not allow black spruce to survive in

Fairbanks area

Forest Decline: Yellow Cedar

Impacts 3. Forests

A dramatic decline has

affected over 1500,000

acres of yellow cedar in

world

6.6 million acres

burned in 2004

4.6 million acres

burned in 2005

Impacts 3. Forests

Forest Fires

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

mill

ions o

f acre

s

Acres Burned 1956-2007

International Health Impacts

Increased epidemics of malaria in Africa.

Increased heat wave deaths.

Dengue fever in SE Asia.

More flooding, storms.

Impacts

4.People & Culture

Impacts

Global warming

threatens soul

and special

quality of life

Impacts 4. People & Culture

Race Cancelled

3 of last 8 years

Start Moved

6 of last 10 years

Impacts 4. People & Culture

People and Culture

Temperature Increase

Future Threats

Current Prediction

Temperature Measurements

Future Threats

If we fail to act, and CO2 keeps rising at the current rate, then

a new modeling study predicts that:

If we do not Act: Worst Case

Predicted

Temperature

Increase

_

_

_

_

_ +5

+10

+15

+20

+25oF

Future Threats

What We Can Do

1. Is it achievable?

2. Action is essential at every level

• Individual

• Corporate

• Local

• State

• Federal

• International

R E D U C E C O 2

E M I S S I O N S

What We Can Do

1954 2004 2054

14

7

1.9

Carbon Emissions (Billions of tons per year)

At least

TRIPLING

CO2

Avoid

doubling

CO2

Flat Path

STABILIZATION

TRIANGLE

What We Can Do Is it Achievable?

Flat Path

ONE WEDGE

One wedge avoids

1 billion tons of

carbon emissions

per year by 2054

7 wedges are

needed to build

the stabilization

triangle.

14

7

Carbon Emissions (Billions of tons per year)

STABILIZATION

TRIANGLE

2004 2054

What We Can Do Is it Achievable?

Current P

ath

Flat Path

ONE WEDGE

14

7

Carbon Emissions(Billions tons per year)

2004 2054

Current P

ath

Flat Path

ONE WEDGE

14

7

Carbon Emissions(Billions tons per year)

2004 2054

Each of These Changes Can Achieve

“One Wedge” of progress:

Double fuel efficiency of 2 billion cars

from 30 to 60 mpg.

Produce current coal-based electricity

with twice today’s efficiency.

Increase wind electricity capacity by 50

times relative to today.

What We Can Do Is it Achievable?

What We Can Do

Individual Actions

1. Conserve

2. Consume efficiently

3. Use renewables

4. Be involved

Conservation: Two Examples

Unplug Appliances

43 billion kWH lost/year in

U.S.

Lower Thermostat

2 degrees

OR 6 degrees for 8

hours/day

What We Can Do

Energy Efficiency: Two Examples

Compact Fluorescents

Four to six times more efficient

Hybrid Cars

Save money on fuel

What We Can Do

Renewable

Renewable Energy

Wind

Solar

Instream hydro

Geothermal

Biofuels

What We Can Do

Summary

The Greatest Threat

Global Warming

Causes

CFCs

Greenhouse Effect

Volcanic Eruption

Solar Activities

Motor Vehicular Emission

Other Causes

The Greatest Threat

Global Warming

Aftermaths

Forest Fires

High sea water level

Hazard to

infrastructure

Animals at Stack

Jeopardy to World

People and Culture

Summary

Summary

The Greatest Threat

Global Warming What can we do

Reduce CO2 Emission

Wind Power

Use Renewables

Use lower

thermostat

Fluorescent instead

of incandescent

Use efficient machinery

Forestation

Many more !

Thank You

For further information:

Proposal by: Usama Anwar

Prepared & Animated by: Ali Jamshaid

Scientific contributors: Omer Akram

Seemab

Khurram

Editing : Faizan Khalid

NOTE:

This presentation is the intellectual property of us.

Permission is granted for the presentation to be freely

shared for non-commercial, educational purposes.