GLOBAL MEDIAChapter 15

Shift Happens

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbI-363A2Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQFTUJK9TkI&feature=related

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7281108124087435381#

Five Concepts

The Western Concept (Great Britian) Development Concept Revolutionary Concept Authoritarianism Communism

The Western Concept

Combination of libertarianism and social responsibility theory

There is no such thing as completely free media system

Even commercially driven systems include the expectation not only of public service but also significant participation of the government

Great Britain

Good example BBC was originally build on the public

trust concept. To limit government and advertiser

control the BBC was funded by the consumer purchase of licenses (fees) levied on receivers.

Britain – not as free

They do not enjoy the freedoms of the first amendment

Prior restraint does occur D-Notice – prior restraint, when a

committee of government officials and reps from the media industry can agree on the issuance of a notice to NOT publicize something

Not allowed to report on court trial in progress, Parliament can pass restrictions whenever it pleases.

The Development Concept

A bit one at the moment (former soviet bloc, South America and other developing Third World countries).

Here…usually, government and media work in partnership to ensure that media assist in planned, beneficial development of the country.

Content is designed to meet needs - societal and culturally.

Revolutionary Concept

I think this is the most pertinent right now, powerful and most active form

Four Aims of revolutionary media: Ending government monopoly over

information Facilitating the organization of

opposition to the incumbent or current powers

Destroying the legitimacy of a standing government

Bringing down a standing government

Revolutionary

Former Yugoslavia – 33 radio stations and 18 TV stations combined to create in 1998 to form the Association of Independent Electronic Media (ANEM)for the purpose of challenging the regime of Slobodan Milosevic – fought for Serbian independence.

Authoritarianism and Communism Very few Communist countries

remain – book takes the two concepts together

China – good example because of how it controls or operates its media, but also because it shows how hard it is for these countries to keep this kind of strict control over media and audience.

Google vs China

Programming

Most programming throughout the world, generally tends to look like what we have here in the U.S. Two Reasons

The United States is a world leader in international distribution of broadcast fare

Very early in the life of television, American producers flooded the world with their programming at low prices

Cultural Imperialism

Macbride report – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1980 Looked at the question of how to

maintain national an cultural sovereignty in the face of rapid globalization of mass media.

The glut of Westernized content was thought to overshadow or displace content of other countries Seen as a kind of colonialization or

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

Macbride Report

Called for the establishment of a New World Information Order (NWIO) Called for monitoring of all news and

entertainment that entered other nations Called for the monitoring and licensing of

foreign journalists Required prior government permission be

obtained for direct radio, television and satellite transmission INTO foreign countries

Western nations rejected this as a direct infringement on the freedom of press

Quotas

Even places like Canada instituted national quotas – certain percentages of all media there had to be produced there, in comparison to imported media from the US.

The Global Village

There are opportunities and on both ends of the Global Village McDonald’s example

Global Village

The question remains, but is really impractical – is globalization good or bad?

Regardless, the Internet has created a situation where globalization is unharnessed

“Culture” however seems to be redefined into not just national cultures or smaller local cultures, but even by subjects, topic, interests and hobbies, music likes and so on.