Global Measurements and Research on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion For The Vienna Convention and Its Protocols: Users, Needs & Requirements Leonard A. Barrie

Global Measurements and Research on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

For The Vienna Convention and Its Protocols:Users, Needs & Requirements

Leonard A. Barrie C/ENV/AREP/WMO,

[email protected]

Vienna Convention History I

• The Stratosphere 1981: Theory and Measurements. WMO No. 11.

1985 Vienna Convention

• Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Three volumes. WMO No. 16.

1987 Montreal Protocol

• International Ozone Trends Panel Report 1988. Two volumes. WMO No. 18.

• Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989.Two volumes. WMO No. 20.

1990 London Adjustments andAmendment

• Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1991. WMO No. 25.

Vienna Convention History II• Methyl Bromide: Its Atmospheric Science, Technology, and

Economics (Montreal Protocol Assessment Supplement) UNEP (1992).

1992 Copenhagen Adjustments and Amendment


1995 Vienna Adjustment

1997 Montreal Adjustments and Amendment


1999 Beijing Amendment


2003 15th Meeting of the Parties

Information Needs Of The Parties To The Convention: Assessment 2002

1. Trends in controlled substances and their consistency with reported production;

2. Impacts of new halogen-containing substances; 3. Methyl bromide sources and sinks and implications

for the ozone layer;4. Interrelations between ozone depletion and climate

change including feed-backs between the two; 5. Changes in global and polar ozone and in

ultraviolet radiation, as well as future projections and scenarios.

The Existing Observational System

A. Routine ground-based measurements (in-situ and remote sensing) incl. balloon

Accuracy, long-term history, validation source, local/regional relevance

B. Systematic aircraft measurementsHigh-resolution tropospheric profiles, tropopause measurements, history

C. Satellite observationsGlobal coverage, uniform data quality

D. Chemical models and data assimilation toolsIntegration, data analysis and exploitation

ESTIMATED GLOBAL OZONESONDE NETWORK: 2003

Stations with data submitted since at least 1 Jan 1999

Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager. Note that this map changes constantly as data is submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The red symbols represent sites of contributing partner NASA/SHADOZ.

ESTIMATED GLOBAL COLUMN OZONE NETWORK: 2003

Stations with data submitted since at least 1 Jan 1999

Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager. Note that this map changes constantly as data is submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The symbols represent different instrument types.

Courtesy of the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases JMA

Observed Variable: LS=Lower stratosphere An Overview of satellite, ground-based and aircraft measurements for stratospheric O

Statospheric Ozone C=columnP=profile

COMPONENTSatelliteADEOS TOMS CADEOS ILAS PADEOS ILAS P cAQUA AIRS CAURA HRLDS PAURA MLS PAURA OMI C/PAURA TES C/PENVISAT MIPAS PENVISAT GOMOS PENVISAT SCIAMACHY C/PEP TOMS CERBS SAGEII PERS GOME- C/PMETEOR TOMS CMETEOR M SAGE III PMETOP , , GOME C/PMETOP IASI CNOAA HIRS C B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BNIMBUS /TOMS CNPOESS OMPS C/P B B B B B B B B B B BNPP OMPS C/PSCISAT ACE PSCISAT MAESTRO PUARS MLS PUARS HALOE PUARS CLAES P

Non-Satellite GlobalSurface total columnSurfacebased vertical profile MicrowaveSuface based Lidar profileBalloon vertical profileAircraft Mosaic LSAssimilation Model

Measurement

DEMONSTRATIONPRE-OPERATIONAL Data available in near real timeOPERATIONAL B Data available in near real time and replacement guaranteed by agencyPROPOSED

Stratospheric O3

Figure 4-4 in Ozone Assessment based on Fioletov et al 2002

QBO and Solar Effects estimated using ground-based data only

Future Needs Of The Parties To The Convention From 2002 Assessment I:

1. Is The Montreal Working? Observational Indicators: • Downward Trends In Br and Cl ODS.

• Recovery of the Stratospheric Ozone (e.g. Antarctic O3 full

recovery predicted by 2050- assuming all other influences constant)

2. High Vulnerability of The O3 Layer In The Next Decade;

• In 1992-2001 O3 Depletion Relative To Pre-1980:

• Northern Mid-Latitudes: winter/spring 4%, summer 2%

• Southern Mid-Latitides: all year 6%

• {Corresponding change in erythemal radiation is 5, 2 amd 7%}

• Arctic ozone is highly variable estimates of winter/spring O3 loss

range up to 25%.• Volcanic eruptions can add to losses AEROSOL CONNECTION

Future Needs Of The Parties To The Convention From 2002 Assessment II:

3. Estimating Impacts Of Highly Variable Short-Lived ODSs which do not have a single global ODP.

• Integrated Observational Systems can help define the global temporal/spatial distribution.

4. Understanding The Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Connections:

• Long-lived spatially invariable CFCs are decreasing, while, shorter-lived, spatially variable HCFCs of similar GWP are increasing.

The Objectives of IGACO

• defining a feasible strategy for deploying a global atmospheric chemistry observation system with comprehensive coverage of key atmospheric gases and aerosols

• establishing a system for integration of ground-based, airborne and satellite air chemistry observations using atmospheric models

• making the integrated observations accessible to researchers for environmental policy development and for improved weather/environmental prediction.

To initiate a process leading to the implementation of globally coordinated observation and integration programmes within 10 years, by:

Targeted Variables IGACO

Group 1&

Group 2

Chemical species Air Quality

Oxidation Capacity

Climate Stratospheric Stratospheric Ozone Ozone

DepletionDepletion

O3

CO

UV-A j(NO2)

UV-B j(O3)

H2O (water vapour)

HCHO

C2H6

active nitrogen: NOx = NO+NO2

reservoir species: HNO3

SO2

active halogens: BrO, ClO, OClOreservoir species: HCl, ClONO2

sources: CH3Br, CFC-12, CFC-11, HCFC-22

aerosol optical properties

CO2

CH4

Atmospheric species in Group 1 to be measured by an integrated global observing system

Atmospheric region Requirement Unit H2O O3 CH4 CO2 CO NO2 BrO ClO HCl CFC-12 1 x km 5/25 <5/50 10/50 10/500 10/250 10/250 50

Lower z km 0.1/1 0.5/2 2/3 0.5/2 0.5/2 0.5/3 2 troposphere t 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 10 d

precision % 1/10 3/20 1/5 0.2/1 1/20 10/30 10 2* trueness % 2/15 5/20 2/10 1/2 2/25 15/40 15 4* delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1) (2)

2 x km 20/100 10/100 50/250 50/500 10/250 30/250 z km 0.5/2 0.5/2 2/4 1/2 1/4 0.5/3 Upper

troposphere t 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr precision % 2/20 3/20 1/10 0.5/2 1/20 10/30 N/R trueness % 2/20 5/30 2/20 1/2 2/25 15/40 N/R delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)

3 x km 50/200 50/100 50/250 250/500 50/250 30/250 100 100 50/250 1000 z km 1/3 0.5/3 2/4 1/4 2/5 1/4 1 1 1/4 Lower

stratosphere t 1 d 1 d 6-12 hr 1 d 1 d 6-12 hr 6 hr 6 hr 6-12 hr 10 d precision % 5/20 3/15 2/20 1/2 5/15 10/30 10 10 5/10 6 trueness % 5/20 5/20 5/30 1/2 10/25 15/40 15 15 15 15 delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (2)/(3) (2)/(3) (1) (2) (2)

4 x km 50/200 50/100 50/250 250/500 100/500 30/250 100 100 50/250 z km 2/5 0.5/3 2/4 2/4 3/10 1/4 1 1 1/4 Upper

stratosphere, t 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d mesosphere precision % 5/20 3/15 2/4 1/2 10/20 10/30 10 10 5/10

trueness % 5/20 5/20 5/30 1/2 10/25 15/40 20 20 15 delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (2)/(3) (2)/(3) (1)/(2) (2) (2)

5 x km 50/200 10/50 10/250 50/500 10/250 30/250 100 100 30/250 1000 t 1 d 1 d 12 hr 1 d 1 d 12 hr 12 hr 12 hr 6-12 10 d Total

column precision % 0.5/2 1/5 1/5 0.5/1 1/10 1/10 10 10 4 4 trueness % 1/3 2/5 2/10 1/2 2/20 2/20 15 15 6 10 delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (2)/(3) (1)/(2) (1) (2)

x km 10/200 10/50 10/50 10/500 10/250 10/250 25 1000 6 Tropospheric t 1 hr 1 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr 10 d

column precision % 0.5/2 5/15 1/5 0.5/1 2/20 1/10 4 trueness % 1/3 5/15 2/10 1/2 5/25 2/10 10 delay (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)/(2) (1)

Theme

Unit

Aerosol Optical Depth

(VIS+IR)

Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

(VIS)

Aerosol Absorption

Optical Depth (VIS)

PM1, PM2.5, PM10

a, d x km 1 / 10 10 / 100 1 / 10 N/A

Climate z km N/A 0.5 / 1 N/A N/A

studies t global daily global weekly global daily N/A and precision 0.005 / 0.01 0.005 / 0.01 km-1 0.002 / 0.01 N/A

oxidizing trueness 0.01 / 0.02 0.01 / 0.02 km-1 0.004 / 0.02 N/A capacity delay weeks weeks weeks N/A

b x km 0.25 / 1 0.5 / 2 N/A 0.25 / 1

Air z km N/A 0.1 in PBL N/A 0.1 in PBL quality t regional hourly regional daily N/A regional sub-daily

(PBL and precision 0.005 / 0.01 0.005 / 0.01 km-1 N/A 1 / 10 µ g m-3 free trop) trueness 0.01 / 0.02 0.01 / 0.02 km-1 N/A 1 / 10 µ g m-3

delay near real-time near real-time N/A near real-time c x km 10 / 100 10 / 100 N/A N/A

Ozone z km N/A 1 / 2 N/A N/A depletion t 10 d 10 d N/A N/A (UT/LS) precision 10-5 / 10-4 10-6 / 10-5 km-1 N/A N/A

trueness 10-5 / 10-4 10-6 / 10-5 km-1 N/A N/A delay days days N/A N/A

Target and Threshold Requirements for Aerosol

Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observation System (IGACO)

Documents

Global Measurements and Research on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion For The Vienna Convention and Its Protocols: Users, Needs & Requirements Leonard A. Barrie