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الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم ، الرجيم الشيطان من باالله أعوذ
(“ I seek protection & shelter by Allaah SWT from the guesser-shaitaan; andI start with the name of Allaah Who is the most Compassionate & Merciful. ”)
بعد أما ، الله رسول محمد على السالم و الصالة و لله : الحمد
The Global-Lunar-Calendaraccording to
the Qor`aan, Sonnah & Astronomy.
Prepared By:“Mohammad Alfaarooq ben Jainol-'Aabedeen ben 'Aaqel-'Alee ben 'Osmaan
ben Mahmood ben Motee'ollaah” ( بن علي عاقل بن العابدين زين بن الفاروق محمدمحمود بن الله بن عثمان مطيع ).
Lakemba, Sydney,
AUSTRALIA
Email: [email protected]
[This Global-Lunar-Calendar is correct & suitable not only for Moslem-Ommah, but also for Christian, Jews & other religions' people who try to perform their religious duties unitedly & globally according to the correct dates of Global-Lunar-Calendar, in-where there is certainly-sighting-possibility of new-crescent before starting the Lunar-Months. Because this calendar is based on certainly-sighting-possibility of new-crescent (before starting the months) from Makkah, Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated place of the earth, wherein Jerusalem is the central-place for Christians & Jews as Makkah is the central-place for Moslems (and Jerusalem is the 1st Qeblah & 3rd Holy place for Moslems also. Also this Global-Lunar-Calendar is correct & helpful to know the beginning, ending, middle and different dates of lunar-months according to the visible (not invisible) shapes/stages of moon, so that nobody can cheat/mislead in the correct dates/days of lunar-months as we know the correct times of Fazr, Zohor, 'Asr & Maghreb prayers through the Solar-Calendar according to the visible daily-stages of sun and nobody can mislead in it.]
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The Global-Lunar-Calendaraccording to
the Qor`aan, Sonnah & Astronomy.
According to the Qor'aan:-
All praises and thanks to Almighty Creator Allaah SWT Who has created the sun & moon for our humans' different kinds of benefit including counting/calculating the times, days, weeks, months & years. The only-sun is for counting the times & days. The moon & sun together are for counting the dates, weeks, months & years. In this regard Allaah SWT says in His Holy-Qor`aan: ه� ر� ر�� ر� ر� �ا ر ه و ر� ر� ر� ل� ر�ٱ � ر ا� ر� ض� ر� ل� ر�� ٱ� �ر �ر �ر ض ى �� ر ٱ رو ر" ه! ه�و ر# �ل ر$ %& ر لو ر� ض� ض' ـ) ر$ ر+* ل, ٱ �ه ص- ر/ ه$ 0 ص2 ر3 ل� ض5ٱ ر�,* ض6ا ر7 ض� ر9ٲ ه: #� ر ٱ� ر2 ر# ر; ر>� ر=0 ر<� ض3 ل� ر�ٱ ر? ض@� ص< ٱ� Aر ر� Bر اا ه�و ر# �ل Dر ض� Eر Fض ر@� ر> ۥ
(� (5: 10/$و
It means:- “It is He (Allaah) Who made the sun a radiance and the moon a light, and He has fixed/measured its (Sun’s & Moon’s) stages (for times, days, dates, weeks, months & years) that you might know the number of years and the calculation –(of times & days by Sun’s 24 positions for a day-night, and calculation of dates, weeks & months by Moon’s 29 stages, also calculation of 12 months in a year by Sun’s 12 positions for a year)-; Allaah did not create that (sun & moon) but with truth –[for true calculations]-; He (Allaah) explains the signs, lessons & evidences in detail for people who perceive.” –(Yoonos/10: 5). Also He SWT says: Hض ض#� �ر ل� ٱ Iض $Iض �ر ل� ٱ ه� ض�$ ل� Jر ر7 ض� ر9ٲ 0� ر �Kر ل< Lه ر� ر� ر� ل� ر�ٱ ر� ل� ر�� ر�ٱ� �@ ر Mر Nر �ر ل� �� ر ٱ �ر �ر �ر ر� Oض �Kر Pل ض6* ل, ٱ ه2 ض� �Qر)%�� )96: 6/+ا
It means:– “He (Allaah) is the splitter (Creator) of the daybreak (from the dark of night); and He made the night for resting, and sun & moon for calculating –(the times, days, & years from different positions of Sun, and dates, weeks, & months from the 29 different stages of moon; so, sun & moon not for sighting only, but for calculating)-. That is the fixed-system & measuring of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.” –(An'aam/6: 96). He SWT also says:
0Hه ص� ر� ل� ٱ ه? ص�$ ٱ� ر7 ض� ر9ٲ 0%R ر ه� Lه SR �ر ر5 ل� ر+ا ا� Tر ل@ ض> Uر ل� ر+* ل, ر�ٱ Vض روٲ ـ) ر� ر�< ٱ� ر2 ر# ر; ر% لو ر$ ض: #� ر ٱ� Wض ـ) Dر Xض ضQى �ا ر Tل Zر ر� ر� Bر ر@� ل] ٱ ض: #� ر ٱ� ر� @Bض ض� هTو ه�� ٱ� ر\ ر�� Bض ر�" (J/9: 36وS5 ) ض6ا
It means:- “Verily, the number of months with Allaah is twelve months (in a year) in Allaah’s Book (i.e. in His fixed-system) since the Day when He created the skies and the earth; of them four are sacred –(i.e. the 1st, 7th, 11th & 12th months in the Lunar-Calendar)-.” –(Taobah/9: 36).
Also He SWT says: ه:0 ل� ه- ر� ل# Qر ر� Tل ر�� ٱ� Hه Mه ض>@ ر� Tض Zر ر�? Qر 0 ض" ر�� ل� ه/ ل� ر�ٱ ـى ر� ه ل� ٱ ر? ص> '& ر ـ) ر@ ص� ر5 ر� ض_ ر�@� ص�# �ى ر ه! ه" ر�ا ل� ه� ل� ٱ ض: �Qض Eر Iض ه+ا اى ض �� ر ٱ ر" � ر ر> ر� ه� Tل Z(185: ��5/2\ )ر
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It means:- “The month of Ramadhaan in which was revealed the Qor`aan as a guidance for mankind and evidences & descriptions of guidance, and (as) the distinctive & judgment –(between right & wrong)-; so, whoever of you witnessed –[i.e. received correct-knowledge about sighting or sighting-possibility of new-crescent from any correct Source of Knowledge e.g. Global-Lunar-Calendar, about]- the month (of Ramadhaan) then he must fast .” –(Baqarah/2: 185). Moreover He SWT says: 0bص ر3 ل� ر�ٱ ض_ ر�@� ض�# ه' ض�� روٲ ر> رى ض! �ل ه� 0Sض #� ر ض! ر+* ل, ٱ ض? Bر ر7 ر ه#و ر+) ل< (189: ��5/2\)ر$
It means:- “They ask you (O Mohammad SAWS) about the Crescents (i.e. the different-stages of moon, e.g. new-crescents, old-crescents); say, they are the fixed-periods –(through their different-stages)- for (whole) mankind –(to know the dates, weeks, & months through moons’ 29 different-stages)- and for the Pilgrimage.” –(Baqarah/2: 189). Furthermore He SWT says: Hض ض�$ ر� ل� ٱ ض" ه�و ل� �ه ل� رcٱ Aر �Bر ـى D� ر Lر Eر Fض ر@� ر> ه: ـ) ر ل� ر�� ر� ر� ر� ر� ل� (39: 36/$�)ر�ٱ
It means:– “And the Moon, We have fixed & measured its (moon’s 29) stages –(for calculating the dates, weeks & months by counting the different stages of the moon)- till it returns like the old dried-curved-date-branch (in the last-dates of a month)”. –(Yaa-Seeen/36: 39).
According to the Sonnah:-
The blessing & peace be upon Allaah's final Messenger Mohammad (saws) who has informed/taught/shown us the correct-way/ correct-criterion for calculation to begin the Lunar-Months. In this regard he (saws) said that calculating the beginning of lunar-months should be according to after certainly sighting-knowledge or (for making a calendar) certainly sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent, otherwise after 30 days of lunar-month. -[To make the correct calendar, it is necessary to use the sighting-possibility-knowledge :-[of new-crescent, instead of sighting-knowledge (امكانية الرؤية)
هر حتى تكمل~~وا الع~~دة أو ت~~روا : »قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ال تقدموا الشوموا وال تفط~~روا حتى ت~~روا الهالل أو تكمل~~وا الع~~دة ثالثين رواه« - الهالل، ثم ص~~
صحيح] حكم األلباني . [ 2326: أبو داؤد و 2127: النسائيIt means: Allaah's messenger (saws) said: "(O Moslems!) Do not advance the (lunar) month until you complete the counting (of 30 days) or you have sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making a correct-lunar-calendar) of new-crescent; then you (start to) fast, and do not break the fasting until you have sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct-calendar) of new-crescent or you complete the counting of 30 days (to remove the obscured/doubted date/situation of lunar month)." - Aboo-Daawod:2326 & Nasaayee:2127 narrated this Hadees. (Albaanee said: this Hadees is Saheeh/correct).
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Also he (saws) has prohibited to calculate the beginning of lunar-months including Ramadhaan before the day of sighting-knowledge or sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent:
لم عليه الله صلى الله رسول نهى: »قال هريرة، أبي عن وم تعجي~~ل عن وس~~ ي~~وم ص~~ؤية قبل 1646: ماجة ابن سنن رواه« - الر
It means: Aboo-Horairah (ra) said: "Allaah's messenger (saws) has prohibited to hasten, hurry & advance the day of (lunar-month of) fasting before sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct lunar-calendar)." - Ebne-Maazah:1646 narrated this Hadees. Also Allaah's Messenger (saws) said in this regard:
وموا» ي ف~~إن لرؤيت~~ه، وأفط~~روا لرؤيت~~ه ص~~ هر عليكم غم رواه« - ثالثين فع~~دوا الش~~ 19 /1081:مسلم
“You (plural i.e. Muslim-Ommah of the world) fast (in the Ramadhaan) for (according to) its (i.e. new-crescent’s) sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct calendar), and break –(the fasting)- for its (i.e. next-new-crescent of Shaowaal’s) sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making a correct lunar-calendar); but if it the (new-crescent of lunar) month is blind-folded (obscured) on you, then count (the lunar-month) into thirty days (to remove the obscured/doubted date of new-crescent.” -(Moslem/1081: 19 narrated this Hadees).
According to Bokhaaree (rah), he (saws) said:عبان عدة فأكملوا عليكم غبي فإن لرؤيته، وأفطروا لرؤيته صوموا» رواه« - ثالثين ش~~
1909 :البخاري“You (plural i.e. Moslem-Ommah) fast (in the Ramadhaan) for (according to) its (i.e. new-crescent’s) sighting-knowledge –(or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct-calendar)-, and break (the fasting) for its (i.e. next-new-crescent of Shaowaal's) sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct calendar); but, if it (i.e. new-crescent) is unknown (obscured) to you, then complete the counting (of lunar-month) of Sha'baan (and any other lunar-month) into thirty days (to remove the obscured/doubted date of new-crescent).” (Bokhaaree/1909 narrated this Hadees).
Also he (saws) prescribed to calculate the beginning of lunar-months according to the sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent without depending on local area, but from any (undoubted-dated ) -place of the earth; -(wherein human-made international-date-line area is the doubted-dated-area, such as: Samoa & Polynesian-Islands )- :
ار من عم~~ومتي، ح~~دثني: ق~~ال مال~~ك، بن أنس بن عمي~~ر أبي عن حاب من األنص~~ أص~~لم علي~~ه الله صلى الله رسول ال، هالل علينا أغمي: ق~~الوا وس~~ و بحنا ش~~ ياما، فأص~~ ص~~
لم علي~~ه الله صلى النبي عند فشهدوا النهار، آخر من ركب فجاء الهالل رأوا أنهم وس~~لى الله رسول فأمرهم »باألمس، لم علي~~ه الل~~ه ص~~ إلى يخرج~~وا وأن يفط~~روا، أن وس~~
صحيح] حكم األلباني[ 1653/ماجة ابن رواه« - الغد من عيدهم
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Abu-Omair Ebne Anas (ra) Said: My uncles of the Ansaar (who were) among the Companions (ra) of the Allaah’s Messenger (saws) told me, they said: The new-crescent of Shaowaal was blind-folded/hidden (obscured) on us –(Moslems in Madeenah, i.e. we had no sighting-knowledge of new-crescent of Shawwal to break the fasting)-, and we woke-up in the morning fasting; but at the end of the day –(i.e. at 'Asr’s time, before the sunset, some)- riders came (in Madeenah, from the out-side-area of Madeenah)- and they testified at the Messenger of Allaah, they saw the new-crescent (of Shawwal for 'Eed-al-Fetr) at the previous-day –{so, they -(riders & their people in their area)- are celebrating 'Eed-al-Fetr today, while Holy-Prophet (saws) and people of Madeenah are nearly completing their fasting today; in-spite of that}-, then the Messenger of Allaah ordered them (to the people of Madeenah) to break the fasting –{of Ramadhaan at that 'Asr time, although they -(people of Madeenah)- were nearly completing their fasting}- and to go-out to their 'Eed –(festival & prayer as Qadhaa/make-up)- in the next-day -[to confirm the unity of lunar days/dates among Moslem-Ommah. In this direct Deed/Sonnah of Holy-Prophet (saws), he (saws) did-not tell the riders that "our area/place of Madeenah is different than your area/place, and we did-not see the new-crescent from our area/place although you saw it –(as it is described in the contradicted, irrational, unacceptable, wrong & Gareeb Hadees of Koraib r.a.)-, and we already are nearly completing our fasting; so, we should complete our fasting of rest-short-time which will be also our thirty-days of fasting". But, he SAWS commanded the people of Madeenah to break the fasting –(although it was the time nearly before sunset i.e. end of 'Asr time)- and to make-up (make Qadhaa) their 'Eed-al-Fetr prayer in the next day morning, to establish Allaah’s perfect-system of Global-Lunar-calendar for Unity of the Moslem-Ommah in their weekly (e.g. Friday-prayer), monthly (e.g. fasting in 13th, 14th & 15th) & yearly (e.g. Ramadhaan & Hazz) Eslaamic duties/Ebaadah in the same day/date. Although the times of Eslaamic-duties –(e.g. times of prayers, times of starting/breaking the fasting, times of starting/ending the days, etc)- are not in the same-times in the world even not in the same large-country, but in the same day/date. Because, counting the times of day are related to Sun (rising & setting) only, whereas counting the dates of lunar-months are related to Sun & Moon together, hence dates are also together/same in the whole world in the fixed-system of Almighty Creator Allaah]. –(Ebne-Maazah/1653, Ahmad & Nasaayee narrated this Hadees).
Moreover he (saws) prescribed to calculate the beginning of lunar-months after certainly/confirm sighting/sighting-possibility knowledge of new-crescent, although moon sets after long-time of sunset (in-which first-day's new-crescent appears bigger as 2/3 days' old crescent):
ة، بن عمرو عن ا نزلنا ببطن نخلة ق~~ال: عن أبي البختري، قال مر :خرجنا للعمرة، فلم ه~~و ابن ليلتين،: ه~~و ابن ثالث، وق~~ال بعض الق~~وم: تراءينا الهالل، فقال بعض الق~~وم
ه~~و ابن ثالث،: إنا رأين~~ا الهالل، فق~~ال بعض الق~~وم: فلقين~~ا ابن عباس، فقلنا: ق~~ال ليلة كذا وك~~ذا،: أي ليلة رأيتموه؟ قال فقلنا: هو ابن ليلتين، فقال: وقال بعض القوم
ؤي~~ة، فه~~و لليل~~ة: »إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ق~~ال: فقال إن الل~~ه م~~ده للر
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غره، الهالل بكب~~ر اعتب~~ار ال أنه بيان - باب 1088:29/رواه مسلم -«رأيتموه وأن وص~~ؤية أمده تعالى الله ثالثون فليكمل غم فإن للر
'Amr ben Morrah said that Aboo-al-Bakhtaree told: "we came out for (performing) 'Omrah, and when we stopped at the belly of palm-tree then (some-people/he) told: we have seen the new-crescent, (and) then some (other) people told: it is (look-like) 3 nights' son (i.e. 3 nights'/days' old crescent), and some (other) people told: it is 2 nights' son (i.e. 2 nights'/days' old crescent). He (Aboo-al-Bakhtaree) told: then we met (went to) Ebne-'Abbaas (ra) and we told (him): we have seen the new-crescent, but some people told: it is (look-like) 3 nights' son (i.e. 3 nights'/days' old crescent), and some (other) people told: it is 2 nights' son (i.e. 2 nights'/days' old crescent). Then he {Ebne-'Abbaas (ra)} asked (us): which night you have seen it (new-crescent)? He (Aboo-al-Bakhtaree) said, then we answered (him): it is so and so night. Then he (Ebne-'Abbaas R.A.) told: indeed Allaah's Messenger (saws) said (in this issue): "indeed (it is) Allaah SWT (Who has) granted a delay it (new-crescent) for visibility; so it (the crescent) is for that night when you have seen (i.e. certainly sighting-knowledge or certainly sighting-possibility-knowledge for calendar about) it (the new-crescent)". - Moslem/1088: 29 narrated this Hadees in the Chapter to describes that there is no consideration/respect of being the new-crescent bigger or smaller (to confirm the beginning of lunar-months); because it is Allaah SWT Who has granted a delay for visibility (i.e. sighting/sighting-possibility knowledge); so when the (sighting/sighting-possibility knowledge of) new-crescent is obscured/doubted (for any reason, e.g. having the sighting-possibility in the doubted-dated-area of the earth) then complete (the counting of that lunar-month in to) 30 (days).
Furthermore he (saws) said to avoid the doubtful/uncertain issues/situations and follow/obey the undoubted/certain issues/situations including the issue/situation of sighting-knowledge or sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent for calculation to begin the lunar-months:
، قال عبي بعيه إلى: عن الش سمعت النعمان بن بشير، يقول على المنبر، وأه~~وى بإص~~لم، يق~ول: أذنيه الحالل بين، والح~~رام بين،: »سمعت رسول الله صلى الل~ه علي~ه وس~
تبرأ لدين~~ه بهات اس~~ تبهات ال يعلمه~~ا كث~~ير من الناس، فمن اتقى الش~~ وبينهم~~ا مش~~اعي يرعى حول الحمى، يوشك بهات وقع في الحرام، كالر وعرضه، ومن وقع في الشد أن يرتع فيه، أال وإن لك~~ل مل~~ك حمى، أال وإن حمى الله محارم~~ه، أال وإن في الجس~~
د كله، أال وهي القلب د الجس~ دت، فس~ « -مضغة، إذا صلحت صلح الجسد كله، وإذا فس~فى باب الوقوف عند الشبهات 3984/رواه ابن ماجة
Al-Sha'bee said: I have listened that Al-No'maan ben Basheer said on the tribune/platform and he indicated by his two fingers to his two ears: I have listened that Allaah's Messenger (saws) said: " the lawful (thing) is clearly-explained and unlawful (thing) is clearly-explained, and between those there are doubtful/suspicious/ambiguous things, which many people do not know (that, is it lawful or unlawful?). So whoever protect himself from those doubtful/ambiguous things he saved his Deen/religion & honor; and whoever fell into those doubtful/ambiguous things, he fell into unlawful thing, such as: the shepherd who pastures/feeds (his animals) around the shelter, very soon he will feed his animals (from) inside the shelter. So certainly for every owner has a shelter, and certainly the shelter of Allaah SWT is His forbidden/unlawful things.
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And certainly in the body (of human) has a (small piece of) chewed-meat; when it became good, then whole-body became good; and when it is corrupted then whole body is corrupted; and certainly it is the heart (of human)". - Ebne-Maazah/3984 narrated this Hadees.
It is narrated in the Masnad-Ahmad regarding this doubtful/uncertain issues/situations, that, he (saws) also said:
بهات بين، وحرام بين، حالل» بهات، ت~~رك من ذل~~ك، بين وش~~ أت~~رك، للح~~رام فه~~و الش~~ /أحمد مس~~ند« - في~~ه يرت~ع أن قمنا ك~ان الحمى، ح~~ول أرت~~ع فمن حمى، الله ومحارم18347
"The lawful (thing) is clearly-explained and unlawful (thing) is clearly-explained, and between those there are doubtful/suspicious/ambiguous things. So who abandoned/gave-up the doubtful/ambiguous things, he is the best-abandoner of unlawful thing. And unlawful/forbidden thing of Allaah SWT is a shelter; so who pastures/feeds (his animals) around the shelter, certainly he will feed his animals (from) inside the shelter". - Ahmad/18347 narrated this Hadees.
According to the above-mentioned correct Ahaadees of Rasoolollaah (saws), for making/calculating the correct lunar-calendar, it is obligatory-duty on Moslems to calculate the beginning of lunar-months after certainly/confirm sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent (from any undoubted-dated-place of the earth; wherein human-made international-date-line area is the doubted-dated-area, such as: Samoa & Polynesian-Islands) although moon sets after long-time of sunset, and although first-day's new-crescent appears bigger as 2/3 days' old crescent. Because Allaah SWT commanded us in His Holy-Qor`aan to follow the Qor`aan & Sonnah only in any disputed deenee-issue among Moslems, (not any Majority, so-called big Scholars, Emaams, Moftee, Astronomers, Scientists, etc) :
�Tر ه�$ ر+� ـ) ا ر? ر$ ض $ �� ر ٱ ءامنوا ر: أطيعوا #� ر ٱ� رE وأطيعوا هNو ر�� ض�ى ٱ� ا� ه+ا ض� ر� ل> ر+* ل, لH ٱ Mه ض�6" ض>@ Qر Hل Dه Bل Iر ـ) ر@ Jى رQض �& ر لى Zه� ر �Aه� ه� Qر�ى ر ض: ض6ا #� ر ضE ٱ� هNو ر�� لH ض6ا" ر�ٱ� Dه @cر" ه ه@و ض> dل Jه ض: #� ر ض% ض5ٱ� لو ر� ل� ض� ر�ٱ ض; ر+* ل, ر7 ٱ ض� �R ر9ٲ ر ه? ر;ل� ر< Lل ر+ا e - ر� ض�$ل �+ ل J( 59 :4ا�@<��/ )ر
“O you who have Eemaan (to Allaah and His Given-Guidebook Holy-Qor`aan)! Obey Allaah (i.e. His Qor`aan) and obey the Messenger –(Mohammad SAWS that is his Sonnah that include the real-correct Ahaadees)-, and (obey) those who are in charged with authority –(in the religious/deenee issues, they are the local-Emaam with his two assistant Emaams as Abo-Bakr & 'Omar RA were with Holy-Prophet SAWS)- among you (Moslems); and if you dispute in anything (in Deenee-issue) among you (i.e. among you & Emaams or among Emaams), then refer it to –(i.e. find solution for it in)- Allaah (i.e. His Qor`aan) and to the Messenger –[Mohammad SAWS i.e. his Sonnah (not to any Majority, so-called big Scholars, Emaams, Moftee, Astronomers, Scientists, etc); if you have Eemaan to Allaah and to the Last Day; that is good, beneficial and most suitable, agreeable & pleasant determination & explanation”. –(Nesaa/4: 59).
According to the Astronomy:
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According to the Astronomical calculation/fact (i.e. real-fact), it is impossible to see the new-crescent by naked-eye from any place of the earth before 18 or 24 hours of conjunction-time of moon; and some astronomers opinion is, it needs minimum 30 hours after conjunction time. Also from many areas of the earth new-crescent cannot be visible even after 30 hours of conjunction-time, such as from northern-areas of the earth. For example, on the 6th of September-1994, people of North America could not see the new-crescent, although conjunction-time of moon passed 29 to 32 hours 1.
The correct criterion for the Global Eslaamic/Lunar Calendar:
On the basis of Astronomical-truth about sighting-possibility of new-crescent that I have already mentioned and above-mentioned prescribed sonnah/system/criterion of Rasoolollaah (saws) to begin the lunar-months, also on the basis of above-mentioned Verses of Holy-Qor`aan, the correct-criterion for making the correct Global-Lunar-Calendar -(to begin the lunar-months correctly & unitedly in all over the world)- should be: “If the conjunction-time ( ا,*��Dا" '��) of moon occurs in any time before midnight i.e. before 00.00 AM of Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, etc, then the next-day's sunset-time is the sighting-possibility-day ( الرؤية المكانية from Makkah or (!لEe) of new-crescent (يومany (undoubted-dated) place of the earth, and then the day after that sighting-possibility-day i.e. the 2nd day after conjunction-day is the beginning of Lunar-Month for the whole-world”. In other words: “If the conjunction-time ( \ ا���3ق ا,*��Dا" '��) of moon occurs between 00.01 AM to 24.00 PM of Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Riyadh, etc 's time, then the next-day's sunset-time (that is the 1st day after conjunction-day) is the sighting-possibility-day ( الرؤية المكانية ,from Makkah, Jerusalem (!لEe) of new-crescent (يومLebanon, Turkey or any (undoubted-dated) place of the earth, and then the day after that sighting-possibility-day (that is the 2nd day after conjunction-day) is the beginning of Lunar-Month for the whole-world”. It is mentionable that, this correct-criterion's “Global-Lunar-Calendar” is not newly invented “Lunar-Calendar”, but it is the natural “Lunar-Calendar” of All-Knowing Allaah SWT, which was unwritten at the time of Holy-Prophet (saws) and was written at the time of his (saws) companion 2nd Khaleefah 'Omar (ra) on 1 - See Syed Khalid Shaukat, Visibility of Moon Actual vs. Expected, INSIGHT Quarterly Journal of Concepts & Ideas (special issue for Eslaamic Calendar in implication, unification & implementation), V 11, Issue 2-3, May & August 1996, Sydney, p. 30.
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the basis of sighting-possibility of new-crescent from Makkah, Madeenah, Jerusalem or Mediterranean area.This criterion for the Global-Lunar-Calendar is very easy to use for any educated person to calculate it in the daily-life by easily knowing the conjunction-time of moon from internet, newspaper, etc, for avoiding the chaos, confusion & disunity among Moslem-Ommah. This criterion is the correct-criterion for uniting the Moslem-Ommah to start the Lunar-Months in the same day/date enshaaa-Allaah, -(but not in the same time, as prayer times also not the same times in the same large-country, whereas the day/date is the same)-. Because according to this criterion for beginning the lunar-months there will be minimum 18 hours at the next-day's sun-set-time from Makkah, Madeenah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, etc after conjunction-time of moon; and minimum 20/21 hours from Morocco, London, etc countries; and minimum 25, 26, 28 and 31 hours at the next-day's sun-set-time from New-York, Chicago, Los-Angeles and Hawaii, etc after conjunction-time of moon. That is the minimum enough-time at the next-day's sun-set time for having the certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent from any undoubted-dated-place of the earth. So there will be no chaos or confusion for those who want to start the lunar-months after sighting-knowledge of new-crescent from any undoubted-dated place of the earth.On the other hand, if Conjunction-Time of moon occurs after midnight (i.e. after 00.00/24.00 pm) of Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon or Turkey, for example after midnight of Sunday-4th January, which is on 00.01 am Monday-5th January of Makkah/Jerusalem/Lebanon/Turkey/..., then that Monday evening at sunset-time i.e. about 5.30 pm –(which is less than 18.00 hours)- is not possible to see the new-crescent from Makkah/Jerusalem/Lebanon/Turkey or from any undoubted-dated-place of the earth due to passing the conjunction-time of moon less than minimum 18, 24 or 30 hours i.e. less-hours for the sighting-possibility of new-crescent. But, it is possible to see the new-crescent on Tuesday-6th January at sunset-time from many areas of the; hence, Wednesday-7th January is the beginning of Lunar-Month. Moreover, in the eastern areas of Makkah/Lebanon/Turkey e.g. Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, etc, there will be many hours less than 18 hours. It is true that, in the western areas of Makkah, e.g. Morocco, America, there will be more than 18 hours; but those hours also not enough to see the new crescent with certainty. Because, in Morocco, Mauritania, South-Africa, etc which are in the far-west and far-south-west areas of Asia, Africa & Europe, there will be less than 21 hours, in where astronomically (i.e. in real-fact) it is impossible to see the new-crescent by naked eye in less than 21 hours after conjunction time. So, it is completely impossible to see the new-crescent on Monday's sunset-time in above example from most areas of the earth –(i.e. all countries of Asia, Africa, Europe & Australia)-; even it is not possible to see the new-crescent from all areas of America due to having less than 30 hours after conjunction-time except may be from little-area of far-west and far-south of America i.e. Polynesian-
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Islands, which is not the undoubted-dated-place of the earth, but it is the doubted-dated-ocean-area of the earth due having human-made international-date-line area near that area. Therefore according to the above-mentioned Ahaadees it is completely incorrect to begin any lunar-month for the whole-world on the basis of very-little-possibility of sighting the new-crescent from that doubted -dated -line little-area of the earth.
Wrong-Criterion of ISNA/FCNA & suggested Global-Eslaamic-Calendar:
Due to above mentioned reasons, it is wrong-criterion that is used in the lunar-calendars of FCNA/ISNA and some other Eslaamic Associations, and suggested for the Global Eslaamic Calendar, that: (1)- If the conjunction-time of moon occurs between 0:00 - 12:00 UT, then the Eslaamic month begins at sunset of the day everywhere in the world !! (2)- If the conjunction-time of moon occurs between 12:00 - 23:59 UT, then the Eslaamic month begins at sunset of the next day everywhere in the world !!-[In fact the Eslaamic/Lunar month/date/day does not begin at sunset, but it begins after midnight as Solar month/date/day. Because according to the Qor`aan & Sonnah, the end of 5 times daily-prayers' time is midnight (not at sunset time, and after midnight is Makrooh/مكروه time for the daily-last 'Eshaa/;(prayer عشاء and the correct/Sonnah time of Taraaweeh-prayer is after midnight, as Rasoolollaah (saws) prayed it after midnight (never before midnight), also 'Omar (r.a.) organized to pray it in Zamaa'ah after midnight (not before midnight)]-.
Because, according to this wrong-criterion, there is no possibility of having the sighting knowledge of new-crescent before starting many lunar-months of the year.For example, according to the 1st part of this wrong-criterion, if the conjunction of moon occurs at 12.00 UT that is 3.00 PM at Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, etc's time. So at the sunset time (about 5.30/6.00 PM) of Makkah, Lebanon, Turkey, etc, it is only about 3 hours after conjunction time of moon, 4 hours of Egypt & South Africa's time and 5 hours of Morocco & London's time, which is completely impossible-time after conjunction time to have the sighting-possibility of new-crescent from any part of the Asia, Africa or Europe. Also there is no possibility to see the new-crescent from America. Because at the sunset time of Los-Angeles (i.e. west of America) it is only 13 hours after conjunction time of moon, and 16 hours of Hawaii's (that is the far-west place of America) time, which is less than minimum (18) hours for having the sighting-possibility of new-crescent after conjunction time of moon. Moreover in the same day, conjunction-time of moon will occurs after sunset of Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, New-Zealand, etc countries according to this wrong-criterion; so there is no way to have the sighting-knowledge at the sunset time of these many countries!!And according to the 2nd part of this wrong-criterion, if the conjunction time of moon occurs at 23:59 UT that is 2:59 AM of Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, etc. So at the sunset time (about 5.30/6.00 PM) of Makkah,
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Lebanon, Turkey, etc, it is only about 15 hours after conjunction time of moon, 16 hours of Egypt & South Africa's time and 17 hours of Morocco & London's time, which is less than minimum hours i.e. 18, 24 or 30 hours after conjunction-time of moon for having the sighting-knowledge of new-crescent. Also there is no certain or undoubted possibility to see the new-crescent from America due to having less than 30 hours after conjunction time of moon. Because, there is proof in the moonsighting.com website by Khalid Shaukat that the people of whole-America (i.e. South & North America) could not see the new-crescent by naked-eye after about 25-28 hours of conjunction time on 5th of October-2013 for beginning the Jol-Hezzah,1434 . And according to the calculation of Khalid Shaukat it was impossible to see the new-crescent by naked-eye from any place of whole America, although at the sunset time of America it was about 25-28 hours after conjunction time of moon. Also there is another proof in the same website by Khalid Shaukat that the people of whole-America (i.e. South & North America) could not see the new-crescent by naked-eye after about 24-27 hours of conjunction time on 16th July-2015 for beginning the Shaowaal,1436 (i.e. 'Eed-al-Fetr 1436). And according to the calculation of Khalid Shaukat it was impossible to see the new-crescent by naked-eye from any place of whole America, although at the sunset time of America it was about 24-27 hours after conjunction time of moon. And although there was possibility to see the new-crescent by naked-eye from the little-area of Polynesian-Islands that is far-west and far-south of America, but that possibility is not enough/acceptable/undoubted to begin the lunar-months for whole-world even not for America. Because it is not the part of any American countries, and it is not the undoubted-dated-place of the earth; but it is the doubted-dated-ocean-area of the earth due having human-made international-date-line area near that area. Also according to the above-mentioned Ahaadees of Rasoolollaah SAWS it is completely incorrect to begin any lunar-month for the whole-world on the basis of little-possibility of sighting the new-crescent from that doubted-dated-line little-area of the earth.
Moreover, there is another proof that the conjunction-time of moon اقتران وقت of Jol-Hezzah 1436 is on the 13th of September-2015 at 6:41 UT that القمرis 9:41 AM of Makkah, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, etc, which is less than minimum 18/24/30 hours (for sighting possibility of new-crescent) that is about 7-8 hours after conjunction-time of moon at the sunset time of those countries i.e. Makkah, Jerusalem, Turkey, etc, 9-10 hours at the sunset of South-Africa, Morocco, England, etc countries, and 15 -20 hours at the sunset time of America. So it is impossible to see the new-crescent on that 13th of September 2015 from Makkah/Saudi-Arabia, Jerusalem, Lebanon, Turkey, Morocco, America or any undoubted-dated-place of the earth. It can be seen on 14th September 2015 from many places of the earth. Thus this Jol-Hezzah-1436 month should be started on 15th of September 2015. But it is regrettable that the according to the wrong-criterion of FCNA/ISNA's calendar & Ummul-Qura Calendar this Jol-Hezzah-1436 is started on 14th of September-2015 !!! Whereas according to the astronomical-calculation by
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vercalendario . info website , the 13th of September-2015 the month of Jol - Qe'dah did not end in the some eastern-countries of the earth i.e. Fiji, New-Zealand, etc. Because according to the astronomical-calculation by this website there is sighting-possibility of old - crescent at the morning/ Fazr time of 13th of September - 2015 from Fiji, New Zealand, etc, countries; 2 whereas this 13th September-2015 is the day of conjunction or annihilation/death of moon ا���� >�3ق(that is so-called/falsely-called new-moon or birth of moon day) in many areas of the earth. This is also a proof that the date/day of conjunction-time of moon is not the end of lunar-month; also conjunction-time of moon is not the so-called new-moon nor birth of moon, but it is the no-moon in some places of the earth. So whoever proclaims that they can start the lunar-months after conjunction-time of moon, they are completely wrong, due to having the possibility of sighting the old-crescent in the same day/date (of new-crescent) from some-areas of the earth, and due to having their view against of prescribed system/Sonnah of Holy-Prophet SAWS.
Wrong-Criterion of Ummul-Qura Calendar:
Moreover, due to above mentioned reasons, it is also wrong-criterion that is used in the Ummul-Qura calendar of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The official website of Ummul-Qura Calendar mentions that if on the 29th day of the lunar month these two conditions are satisfied, then the next day is the first day of the new lunar month:- 1 - The Conjunction time of moon occurs before Sunset 2 - The Moon sets after the Sunset This criterion of Ummul-Qura-Calendar is completely wrong-criterion, due to having it against of the Qor`aan, Sonnah & Astronomy. Because according to the Qor`aan & Sonnah Lunar/Eslaamic months should be started after sighting or certainly-sighting-possibility of new-crescent (as I have already mentioned it above). And according to the astronomical-calculation (i.e. Allaah's given real fact/system) it is completely impossible to see the new-crescent except after minimum 18 hours of conjunction time of moon at the sunset time, and except after minimum 45 minutes of sunset time moon will set (for having the sighting-possibility of new-crescent). Whereas according to this wrong-criterion there is no minimum time-limit after conjunction-time of moon at the sunset time, as well as no minimum time-limit of moonset after the sunset for having the sighting-possibility of new-crescent. Hence according to this wrong-criterion there is no possibility of sighting-knowledge of new-crescent before starting many Lunar/Eslaamic months!!! For example, according to this wrong-criterion of Ummul-Qura-Calendar, if the Conjunction time of moon occurs at 5.00 pm of Makkah and sunset time of Makkah in that day is 5:30 pm, then it is impossible to see the new-crescent 2 See that picture of old-crescent at: http://www.vercalendario.info/en/moon/fiji-year-calendar-2015.html
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after half an hour (1/2 hour i.e. 30 minutes) at the sunset time of that day from Makkah or from any undoubted-dated-place of the earth, due to being less hours than minimum-hours (18, 24 or 30 hours) after conjunction time of moon, also less time/minutes than minimum-time/minutes (45 minutes) between time-difference of sunset & moonset for certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent.
It is regrettable that the authorities of the Ummul-Qora-Calendar & the Judge of Supreme Court of Saudi Arabia proclaim that they do not follow their wrong-calendar for the months of Ramadhaan & Hazz; their wrong-calendar is only for the civil purposes; for the months of Ramadhaan & Hazz they follow the (wrong or false) sighting-witnesses (according to their wrong-calendar) of new-crescent!!! The question is that, if they are really sincere and honest in their proclamation, then why they do not make/correct their Ummul-Qora-Calendar according to the sighting-possibility of new-crescent, which is very easy to make it (as I have already made it)??? And why they make/create divisions among Moslem-Ommah by their wrong-criterion's Calendar, in-where many ignorant & innocent Moslems of the world blindly-follow their wrong-calendar and make divisions among sincere Moslems in many countries of the world??? Is there any evil power/authority behind those authority who influence/control them to make the wrong calendar for invaliding the 'Ebaadah of innocent Moslems (specially innocent & sincere Moslems of Saudi Arabia) in the wrong day/date and for making divisions & chaos among Moslem-Ommah??? May Allaah guide all of us specially our authorities to follow the real truth of the Qor`aan, Sonnah & Astronomy to begin the Lunar/Eslaamic months in the correct day/date after certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent.
It is Completely Wrong-Criterion to begin the months after conjunction or annihilation/death of moon instead of after sighting-knowledge or sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent:
Some Emaams & Eslaamic-educated persons giving fatwa/opinion wrongly/mistakenly (without having correct-knowledge about astronomical-calculation) that Moslems can begin the Eslaamic/Lunar months after occurrence of conjunction/annihilation/death of moon (that is their so-called new-moon or birth of moon) for the unity (in fact more disunity & divisions) among Moslem-Ommah!!! (Whereas no previous single Eslaamic scholar agreed with this wrong-opinion, in-spite of having their very good-knowledge about conjunction/annihilation/death time of moon ا"وقت�D�*,ا���3قأو ا ). They proclaim wrongly/mistakenly the reasons for their this wrong thinking and opinion/fatwa that:
(1) - Dependence on sighting-knowledge or sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent to begin the Eslaamic/Lunar months creates chaos & confusion among Moslem-Ommah. So to avoid the chaos & confusion about sighting-knowledge of new-crescent, Moslems should begin the lunar-months after conjunction/annihilation of moon ( ا���� >�3قأو ا��Dا"بعد ) !!! (This wrong fatwa due to their wrong understanding that the conjunction-time of moon is the so-called
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birth of moon or new-moon; whereas in-fact it is the death/annihilation of moon or no-moon ا���� (>�3ق
(2) - In the Hadees, the word Rooiyah/رؤية means general-knowledge without sighting-knowledge !!! (Whereas in-fact the word "Rooiyah" means "sighting-knowledge".)
(3) - Means, method or system (waseelah وسيلة) can be different (disobey) from the prescribed-method (i.e. prescribed Sonnah/system/waseelah (وسيلة to achieve the purpose; in other words: it is not necessary to obey the prescribed method, means, system, sonnah or waseelah to achieve the purpose (as it is the notorious Machiavellian theory)!!! [This wrong & dangerous opinion is due to their wrong-understanding about the meaning of Dhaamer/ضامر in the Verse 27 of Soorah/Chapter Hazz/22 of Holy-Qor`aan. In-fact the correct meaning of Dhaamer/ض�امر is: “shriveled, shrunken or dried-up thing” 3 (not "lean-camel") like dried-up/shrunken wood, plastic-board, etc, which is used to make the Hawdah, Bus, Aero-plane, etc for going to Hazz. Also due to their wrong-understanding that this prescribed-system/sonnah of Rasoolollaah SAWS (about sighting-knowledge of moon) is Hokm-Wad'ee/ وضعي -completing) حكمcommand) that can be change!!! Whereas, in-fact Hokm-Wad'ee is the Hokm/Law/'Ebaadah which hokm, method, system, reason or condition given by the Law-Maker (Allaah & His Messenger) for another Hokm/Law/`Ebaadah (to complete it) e.g. Correct Times & Wadoo for Prayers, Correct-Nesaab for Jakaat, etc, which cannot be changed by any human :
: أو( الصالة القامة الطهارة و الصالة كوقت آخر، لحكم الشارع وضعه الذى الحكم هو الوضعي الحكم ( الخ للزكاة ]النصاب
This opinion/fatwa is completely-wrong & dangerous for Moslem-Ommah due to having this opinion/fatwa against the Qor aan , Sonnah & Astronomy, which creates more divisions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah; also due to their wrong explanation about Eslaamic-Osool/Rule of Hokm-Wad'ee as Machiavellian theory, many Moslems follow the wrong fatwa/opinion/path in other Eslaamic issues as well.
*** Their fatwa/opinion against of the Qor`aan:-
Because Allaah says in His Holy-Qor`aan (Yoonos/10: 5; Yaa-Seeen/36: 39) that He has fixed & measured moon's (visible) different stages (EF�@<) for counting the dates of Lunar/Eslaamic months by easily watching the moon's visible different stages (EF�@<), wherein any illiterate person also can know/count the dates of Eslaamic/Lunar months easily by watching the different visible shapes/stages of moon. In the Verse # 189 of Soorah Baqarah/2, He clearly mentioned that the visible different-crescents (أهلة) i.e. different shapes/stages are for counting/knowing the times/dates for Lunar months, not invisible-moon. So according to these verses of Holy-Qor`aan of Allaah SWT, Lunar/Eslaamic months should be started after visible or certainly-visible-possibility of new-crescent (Eeل!) not after invisible-moon ( القمر and it is also explained by ;(محاق3 - See, Modern Dictionary (Arabic-English), p. 394, by Elias A. Elias, Elias’ Modern Publishing House & Co., Cairo, 1972.
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His Messenger Mohammad SAWS in many correct Ahaadees. Also Allaah SWT commanded us in His Holy-Qor`aan to follow the Qor`aan & His Messenger's Sonnah only in any disputed deenee-issue among Moslems, (not any Majority, so-called big Scholars, Emaams, Moftee, Astronomers, Scientists, etc) :
�Tر ه�$ ر+� ـ) ا ر? ر$ ض $ �� ر ٱ ءامنوا ر: أطيعوا #� ر ٱ� رE وأطيعوا هNو ر�� ض�ى ٱ� ا� ه+ا ض� ر� ل> ر+* ل, لH ٱ Mه ض�6" ض>@ Qر Hل Dه Bل Iر ـ) ر@ Jى رQض �& ر لى Zه� ر �Aه� ه� Qر�ى ر ض: ض6ا #� ر ضE ٱ� هNو ر�� لH ض6ا" ر�ٱ� Dه @cر" ه ه@و ض> dل Jه ض: #� ر ض% ض5ٱ� لو ر� ل� ض� ر�ٱ ض; ر+* ل, ر7 ٱ ض� �R ر9ٲ ر ه? ر;ل� ر< Lل ر+ا e - ر� ض�$ل �+ ل J( 59 :4ا�@<��/ )ر
“O you who have Eemaan! Obey Allaah (i.e. His Qor`aan) and obey the Messenger –(Mohammad SAWS that is his Sonnah that include the real-correct Ahaadees)-, and (obey) those who are in charged with authority among you (Moslems); and if you dispute in anything (in Deenee-issue) among you (i.e. among you & Emaams/Authorities or among Emaams/Authorities), then refer it to –(i.e. find solution for it in)- Allaah (i.e. His Qor`aan) and to the Messenger –[Mohammad SAWS i.e. his Sonnah (not to any Majority, so-called big Scholars, Emaams, Moftee, Astronomers, Scientists, etc); if you have Eemaan to Allaah and to the Last Day; that is good, beneficial and most suitable, agreeable & pleasant determination & explanation”. –(Nesaa/4: 59).
In this verse of Holy-Qor`aan, Allaah SWT commanded us to obey/follow the Sonnah of His Messenger. So any person who do not start the Lunar/Eslaamic months according to the Sonnah of sighting-knowledge or certainly-sighting-possibility-knowledge (in the calendar) of new-crescent he disobey the command of Holy-Qor`aan of Allaah SWT.
*** Also their opinion is against of Sonnah:- Because, I have already mentioned & explained it above that Allaah's Messenger said in many Ahaadees, Lunar months should be started after sighting-knowledge or certainly-sighting-possibility (رؤية) ( الرؤية -of new (امكانيةcrescent (هالل), not after invisible/death of moon ( القمر But they say that .(محاقMoslems can start the Lunar months after conjunction (اقتران) or invisible/death of moon; sighting-knowledge or certainly-sighting-possibility-knowledge (محاق)is not necessary; which is against of Sonnah of Allaah's Messenger SAWS. And they explain the meaning of Rooiyah (رؤية) wrongly!!
The correct Meaning of Rooiyah ( رؤية ) that is used in the Ahaadees for beginning the Lunar Months: - According to the linguistic-meaning and rationality/عقل, the Arabic word Rooiyah/رؤية means "sighting" or "sighting-knowledge", and it does not mean any way general or accurate knowledge/H#B that has no relation to the sighting/رؤية. Because it is completely wrong/lie to use the word sighting/رؤية to mean the knowledge/H#B only, which has no relation to sighting/رؤية. For example, if a person from Australia received the correct & accurate knowledge/H#B through a phone-call from his truthful-mother that his father in India is very-sick and he (son from Australia) needs to visit him (his father in India), then it is
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completely lie / wrong if he (that son in Australia) say to his boss, manager or anyone that I see or I have seen my father is very-sick in India, so I need to travel to India for visiting my father (although he has correct & accurate knowledge/علم about his father's sickness). Another example, if a person received the accurate knowledge/H#B by correctly & clearly listening & knowing from the killer of a dead-person that the killer has killed the dead-person, then it is completely lie / wrong if he says/witness in the court that I have seen this killer-person has killed that dead-person.According to the Ahaadees of Rasoolollaah SAWS also "Rooiyah/ means "رؤية "sighting" or "sighting-knowledge" not general/accurate "knowledge/علم " only. Because there are many correct Ahaadees from Rasoolollaah SAWS about the system of beginning of lunar-months, wherein he SAWS clearly commanded Moslems to begin the lunar-months after Rooiyat-al-Helaal الهالل -sighting) رؤية knowledge of new-crescent) not after Mohaaq-al-Qamar مح���اق القمر (annihilation/death of moon). -[And there is no little-similarity but complete-difference between Rooiyat-al-Helaal sighting-knowledge) رؤي��ة الهالل of new-crescent) and Mohaaq-al-Qamar محاق القمر (annihilation/death of moon). Also Arabic word Helaal/هالل means "Visible New-Crescent", not "invisible-moon" nor "annihilation/death of moon" i.e. محاق القمر .]- For example he (SAWS) commanded by saying that:
هر حتى تكمل~~وا الع~~دة أو ت~~روا : »قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ال تقدموا الشوموا وال تفط~~روا حتى ت~~روا الهالل رواه« - أو تكمل~~وا الع~~دة ثالثينالهالل، ثم ص~~
صحيح] حكم األلباني . [ 2326: أبو داؤد و 2127: النسائيIt means: Allaah's messenger (saws) said: "(O Moslems!) Do not advance the (lunar) month until you complete the counting (of 30 days) or you have sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making a correct-lunar-calendar) of new-crescent; then you (start to) fast, and do not break the fasting until you have sighting-knowledge (or sighting-possibility-knowledge for making the correct-calendar) of new-crescent or you complete the counting of 30 days (to remove the obscured/doubted date/situation of lunar month)." - Aboo-Daawod:2326 & Nasaayee:2127 narrated this Hadees. (Albaanee said: this Hadees is Saheeh/correct). Also he SAWS commanded by saying:
حاب وبين~~ه بينكم ح~~ال ف~~إن لرؤيت~~ه، وأفطروا لرؤيته صوموا» وال الع~~دة، ف~~أكملوا س~~هر تستقبلوا صحيح ] األلباني حكم[ ، 2129النسائي: رواه« - استقباال الش
"(O Moslems! start to) Fast (i.e. start the lunar-month) by its (new-crescent's) sighting-knowledge, and break the fasting (i.e. end the current lunar-month to start the new lunar-month) by its (new-crescent's) sighting-knowledge. But if there is a CLOUD intervenes between you (Moslems) and it (new-crescent), then complete the counting (the month into 30 days); and do not welcome the month in advance (before sighting-knowledge/certainly-sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent or before
17
completing the 30 days)." -Nasaayee:2129 narrated this Hadees. (Albaanee said: this Hadees is Saheeh/correct). These Ahaadees & other Ahaadees of Rasoolollaah SAWS about beginning the lunar months clearly prove that his (SAWS) using of word "Rooiyat-al-Helaal رؤية means "sighting-knowledge of new-crescent", and does not mean in any " الهاللway "the knowledge of conjunction-time of moon i.e. Mohaaq-al-Qamar محاق means القمر annihilation/death of moon". Also the Arabic word Helaal/هالل means Visible "New-Crescent", not invisible-moon nor annihilation/death of moon i.e. القمر Moreover, if he SAWS would mean the . محاق "Rooiyat-al-Helaal رؤية الهالل " meaning is "the knowledge of conjunction-time of moon that is Mohaaq-al-Qamar القمر i.e. annihilation/death of moon", then he SAWS محاق did not told that "if there is a CLOUD intervenes between you (Moslems) and it (new-crescent), then complete the counting (the month into 30 days)". Because there is no possibility to have any CLOUD in the knowledge of calculation the conjunction-time of moon or Mohaaq-al-Qamar محاق القمر that is annihilation/death of moon. Therefore the Arabic word “Rooiyah” in the Ahaadees means "sighting" or “sighting-knowledge” that is acquired through any correct Source of Knowledge which has relation with “sighting”رؤية , either it is by sighting-possibility-knowledge of new-crescent through Global-Lunar-Calendar for beginning the Lunar-Months, or through own-sighting, or through other reliable persons’ sighting as witness . Because, Holy-Prophet SAWS did not see the new-crescent by himself in the most of cases, but he SAWS was depending on the reliable witnesses; even the most of Moslems also do not see the new-crescent to begin the Lunar-Months, but they depend on the reliable witnesses. That is why in the Ahaadees, Holy-Prophet use the word “Rooiyah” .i.e رؤية “Sighting-Knowledge” instead of “Witness” ; شهادة because, the word “Rooiyah” include all kind of “Sighting-Knowledge” e.g. sighting-knowledge from truthful-witness, sighting-possibility-knowledge from correct-calendar, etc. Receiving reliable persons’ sighting witnesses can be through direct face to face, or through telephone, radio, TV, internet, etc, which witnesses or news should not be against the astronomical-calculation of sighting-possibility. Because, there is proof that, people have lied and lie about sighting of new-crescent by thinking that their telling lies will make unity & peace among Muslim-society due to having the wrong-Hadees of Ummo-Kolsoom about permission of lie in the minds of those liars although they are apparently pious, scholar, educated or else. Hence, new-crescent’s sighting-possibility-knowledge through Global-Lunar-Calendar based on sighting-possibility of new-crescent from Makkah, Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated-place of the earth is more accurate-knowledge of sighting than getting knowledge from few people’s witness. Moreover according to the language of Holy-Qor`aan, the Arabic word “Rooiyah/does ” رؤية not mean the general “Knowledge” (i.e. Elm”) which has no'“ علم relation with “Sighting”. Because, there is no verse in the Holy-Qor`aan wherein All-Knowing Allaah SWT has used the word “Rooiyah/ رؤية ” but it has no
18
relation to “Sighting”. Also, if All-Knowing Allaah would wanted to mean only “Knowledge/علم ” without relation to “Sighting” where He has used the word “Rooiyah” (Sighting-Knowledge), then He could use the word “'Elm/علم /knowledge” instead of “Rooiyah/ رؤية”. Hence no one has right to change the Allaah’s word “Rooiyah/رؤية” to “'Elm/علم ”. Thus, it is completely wrong explanation to explain the word “Rooiyah/رؤية ” (Sighting-Knowledge) as “Knowledge/علم ” which has no relation to the “Sighting”. For example:- In the Holy-Qor`aan All-Knowing Allaah SWT says:- “{O Mohammad SAWS} did you not see/ have -sighting-knowledge (through your elderly-people as they are witnesses by seeing/having-sighting-knowledge), how your Lord had dealt with the companions of the elephant?” –(Feel/105: 1). In addition, He (Allaah) says: “{O Mohammad (saws)} did you not see/ have - sighting-knowledge (through the previous reliable people/generations as they are witnesses by seeing/sighting-knowledge), how your Lord had dealt with the 'Aad (people before you) ?” –(Fazr/89: 6).
Moreover, He (Allaah) says the saying of Holy-Prophet Ebraaheem (A.S.) to his son Esmaa'eel (A.S.):- “He (Ebraaheem A.S.) said (to his son Esmaa'eel A.S.): “O my son ! Certainly, I have seen/ have- sighting-knowledge in the dream that, I am slaughtering you (i.e. offering you in the sacrifice to Allaah SWT); so, look what you see /have- sighting-knowledge (through my sighting-knowledge in the dream, as I am the true-witness for that true-dream)” –(Saaffaat/37: 102). So, it is clear that in these Verses of Holy-Qor`aan the word “Rooiyah/رؤية ” does not mean only Knowledge ('Elm/علم) which has no relation with sighting, but it means Sighting-Knowledge due to having its clear relation with sighting. Therefore according to the language of Qor`aan, Sonnah or Rationality/'Aql/��B, the Arabic word Rooiyah/رؤية does not mean in any way the general or accurate knowledge/H#B that has no relation to the sighting; but clearly it means "sighting" or "sighting-knowledge".
*** Moreover their opinion/fatwa (about starting the months after conjunction/annihilation/death of moon القمر محاق (بعد is against of true Astronomical fact and creates more divisions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah: Because their opinion/fatwa is that Moslems can start the month after so-called astronomical birth of moon or so-called new-moon (although it is against of Qor`aan & Sonnah) !!! But according to the true Astronomical fact (i.e. real-fact/truth), that so-called "birth of moon" or "new-moon" is "death of moon" or "no-moon". That's why in Arabic it is called القمر also it can be called ; محاق"conjunction of moon" that is in Arabic القمر and this is why previous ; اقتران
19
Eslaamic scholars were using only that correct-terminologies i.e. القمر محاق(death of moon / no-moon) or القمر So using the .(conjunction of moon) اقترانterminologies for the "conjunction of moonاق��تران القمر " or "death of moon (Amabaishsha)محاق القمر " as "birth of moon والدة القمر " or "new-moonقمر جديد " (not new-crescent/هالل ) is completely mistake, wrong, deceitful or misleading. Because according to the Astronomical fact, at the "time of conjunction of moon القمر اقتران /it is impossible to see the new-crescent " وقتfrom هالل any place of the earth until after 18, 24 or 30 hours of that conjunction-time/invisible-time of moon; that's why that time in Arabic is called
القمر means "death of محاق moon" or "no-moon" (not birth of moon or new-moon), in Bengali is called "Amabaishsha" means "no-moon" . Also according to the rationality/عقل or real-fact anything's "birth-time" or "rebirth-time" is that time when it comes-out in the visibility-situation from its invisibility/pregnancy/death-situation; Hence the honest & truthful people should not use the terminologies of "conjunction of moon القمر or "death " اقترانof moon القمر " محاق as "birth of moon القمر "والدة or "new-moon جديد " قمر ; because it is wrong, deceitful & misleading that creates more divisions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah by the wrong-understanding from these wrong & deceitful terminologies. Some Emaams & Eslaamic educated persons who give fatwa/opinion according to these wrong & misleading terminologies, they mistakenly mislead the innocent general Moslems to begin the Ramadhaan, Shaowaal, Jol-Hezzah (for fasting, 'Eeds & Hazz) and other lunar-months in the wrong days/dates and create more divisions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah. Because, previous-time there were only 2 (two) opinions' groups: 1st on is global-moon-sighting group, 2nd is local-moon-sighting group. But now-a-days because of this new 3rd wrong-opinion's group, there become more divisions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah. So 1st opinion's group never follow the wrong fatwa/opinion of 3rd group, which is given according to the wrong, deceitful & misleading terminologies; but they strictly follow the prescribed system/sonnah of Rasoolollaah SAWS by starting the months after sighting or certainly-sighting-possibility of new-crescent from any undoubted-dated-place of the earth. The 2nd group also never accept the 3rd group's wrong-opinion/fatwa, and they begin the months in the day after the day of local-moon-sighting-news, which is the same-day in the most of the months with the 1st group's day. It's clear example is the days for the beginning of the most of the months of far-west African country Morocco are the same days of beginning of months of eastern-area of the earth e.g. Fiji, Australia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc, who begin the months after having sighting-knowledge of new-crescent. This is also clear evidence that even though the 1st & 2nd groups' opinions are little different, but in the most of the months they begin the months in the same days, (so there is possibility of unity among them), which is due to following the prescribed system/sonnah of Rasoolollaah SAWS. Whereas this new 3rd group creates confusions & disunity among Moslem-Ommah by their wrong-explanations about Hokm-Wad'ee/ وضعي ,حكم meaning of Rooiyah/رؤية,
20
meaning of Dhaamer/ضامر, etc, and then by starting the months after the wrong, deceitful & misleading terminologies !!! So according to their wrong-criterion (i.e. starting the months after conjunction time of moon) there will be more disunity instead of any unity among Moslem-Ommah.Because if they begin the months after conjunction time of local area, such as: their criterion is: "if conjunction-time of moon occurs before sunset (e.g. before 6:00 pm) then next day is the beginning of month". According to this local-criterion, the people of same large/big country need to start the month two different days due to having time-difference of conjunction-times in the different-areas of the earth/big-country. For example, if conjunction time occurs before sunset (e.g. 5:30 pm) of western-Australia (e.g. Perth) on Monday, then that time is eastern-Australia (e.g. Sydney) is after sunset-time i.e. 7:30 pm. Hence people of western-Australia should begin the month on Tuesday due to occurrence the conjunction-time in their area is before sunset (5:30 pm); but people of eastern-Australia (e.g. Sydney) cannot begin the month on Tuesday due to occurrence the conjunction-time in their area is after sunset (7:30 pm), so they should start the month on Wednesday!!On the other hand, if they begin the months after conjunction time of moon in any place of the earth, which is according to the global-criterion of conjunction-time; such as: their criterion is: "if the conjunction time of moon occurs before sunset (e.g. 6:00 pm) of any place of the earth, then next day is the beginning of month". According to this global-criterion of conjunction time, there will be more divisions, disunity, chaos & confusion among Moslem-Ommah. For example, if conjunction-time of moon occurs before sunset (e.g. 5:30 pm) of far-western-America (e.g. Hawaii) on Monday, then that time in other parts of America (e.g. Los-Angeles, Chicago & New-York) is after sunset -time i.e. 8:30 pm, 10:30 pm & 11:30 pm; on the other hand that time in Europe & Asia is Tuesday morning & afternoon times. Hence people of Hawaii should begin the month on Tuesday due to occurrence the conjunction-time in their area is before sunset (5:30 pm); but people of other parts of America (e.g. Los-Angeles, Chicago & N.Y.) cannot begin the month on Tuesday due to occurrence the conjunction-time in their area is after sunset (8:30 pm ...), so they should start the month on Wednesday!! On the other hand people of Europe & Asia no-way can start the month on Tuesday, because Tuesday is the day of conjunction in those areas (e.g. 5:30pm Monday of Hawaii is 3:30pm Tuesday of Fiji/New-Zealand) so they (people of Europe & Asia) need to begin the month on Wednesday. Thus there is no unity according to this wrong-criterion except disunity among themselves also !!!Besides this, those who begin the month after sighting or certainly-sighting-possibility of new-crescent according to the prescribed system/sonnah of Rasoolollaah SAWS, they cannot begin that month on Tuesday in any way. Because there is no possibility of sighting the new-crescent on Monday from any place of the earth due to passing only 30 minutes after conjunction time of
21
moon, which is far less than minimum hours after conjunction-time for sighting-possibility of new-crescent. There is a little/doubtful sighting-possibility of new-crescent on Tuesday. But according to the Ahaadees of Rasoolollaah SAWS it is not legal/permitted to start the months on the doubtful day; so they cannot begin the month on Wednesday. There is certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent on Wednesday from Makkah, Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated-place of the earth. Hence they will begin that month on Thursday. But may be it is not possible to see the new-crescent on Wednesday except Thursday from few places of the earth; (majority scholars opinion, they should follow the global sighting/sighting-possibility, hence there is possibility of unity in the global moon sighting possibility criterion; however) so those who follow the local-moon-sighting-criterion they may begin that month on Friday. Therefore because of this new 3rd wrong-opinion's group, there will be minimum 3 or 4 different days for the beginning of same-month. Hence this groups' wrong fatwa/opinion has created more divisions & disunity instead of unity among Moslem-Ommah due to avoiding the prescribed system/sonnah of Rasoolollaah SAWS to begin the lunar-months, and due to not having any correct & fixed criteria to determine the calculating place of conjunction/invisible time of moon (that is so-called new-moon or birth of moon i.e. actually no-moon or death/annihilation of moon القمر .( محاق Because, conjunction time of moon differ from one place to another place even in the same country and in the same big-state according to the time differences !!! ** It is wrong fatwa, opinion or argument from above mentioned 3rd group that means, method or system (waseelah وسيلة) can be different (disobey) from the prescribed-method (i.e. prescribed Sonnah/system/waseelah (وسيلة to achieve the purpose; in other words: it is not necessary to obey the prescribed method, means, system, Sonnah or waseelah/وسيلة to achieve the purpose (as it is the notorious Machiavellian theory) :-
Because, according to this wrong opinion, fatwa or argument, there will be destruction of all Eslaamic activities, wherein there will be unnecessary to do anything according to the Holy-Qor`aan & Sonnah. For example, All-Knowing Allaah SWT says: Purpose of creation of humans & Jinn is worshipping & obedience to Allaah (Jaareyaat/51: 56). So, according to this wrong opinion/fatwa, there will be unnecessary to follow the Eslaamic-Method of Holy-Qor`aan & Sonnah to worship & obey Allaah SWT; but it can be follow any method –(e.g. Hindu’s method, Christian method or Jewish method)- to achieve the purpose of worshipping Allaah SWT in-which has intention to worship Allaah SWT!! Purpose of prayer is for remembrance of Allaah SWT (Ta-Ha/20: 14); so, according to this wrong opinion/fatwa, there is not necessary to follow the method of Holy-Qor`aan & Sonnah for prayer; but it can be follow any method (e.g. reciting the name of Allaah) to achieve the purpose of remembrance of Allaah SWT !!!
However, it is true that: means/method (waseelah/وسيلة) can be different (disobey) in any material issue –(which is made by human e.g. agricultural-
22
development issue, transports & communication issue, technological issue, etc)- to achieve the purpose, but not in any aspect of natural-social (Deenee/religious) issue which is made/created by Almighty Allaah SWT. Because, all aspect of natural-social-issues/Deenee-issues (that is related to humans’ intrinsic-natures) are created by Allaah SWT who has perfect-knowledge about His creation; and whoever creates something, to activate & use that thing perfectly, its rule & system/method should come from him.
One of the reasons for this wrong & dangerous opinion/fatwa is due to their wrong-understanding from the wrong translation & explanation about the meaning of Dhaamer/ضامر in the Verse 27 of Soorah/Chapter Hazz/22 of Holy-Qor`aan: Allaah SWT says: على و رجاال يأتوك بالحج الناس فى أذن فج ��>� كل و كل من يأتين عميق
The correct meaning of this Verse is:- “And, (O Ebraaheem A.S.) proclaim among mankind about the Hazz (Pilgrimage): they will come to you on foot (usually from near-places) and on every shriveled/shrunken/dried-up thing –[that includes every kind of conveyance & transport-system in past, present or future; because, all kind of transport-system including Howdah (camel-litter for long-journey to Hazz) are made by shriveled/shrunken iron, tin or metal, or dried-up wood, etc]-, which (those things) will come from every deep-distant” –(Hazz/22: 27).
So it is wrong translation & explanation of this Verse, to translate & explain the word “Dhaamer/ضامر” as “lean camel”; because, Arabic-word “Dhaamer/ ضامر ” does not mean “lean camel; but its correct meaning is “shriveled, shrunken or dried-up thing” 4. On the other hand, Camel’s Arabic word is Zamal/جمل, Naaqah/ناقة or Ba'eer/ so, if All-Knowing Allaah would wanted to mean only Camel, then He could ;بعيرuse the word Zamal/جمل, Naaqah/ناقة or Ba'eer/بعير. Hence it is wrong to translate or explain its meaning as "lean-camel" –(which All-Knowing Allaah did not use)- instead of its correct & direct meaning. Because, it is undoubtedly true that All-Knowing Allaah knows that: the mankind will use car, bus, Airplane, etc to go to Hazz; that is why, He has used a perfect word (Dhaamer/ضامر) that is suitable for all kind of transport-system in the all ages. Another reason for their wrong opinion/fatwa is due to their wrong-understanding that Hokm-Wad'ee/ ي��� HML (completing-command) can be change!!! Whereas, in-fact Hokm-Wad'ee is the Hokm/Law/'Ebaadah which Hokm, method, system, reason or condition given by the Law-Maker (Allaah & His Messenger) for another Hokm/Law/`Ebaadah to complete it correctly, e.g. Correct Times & Wadoo for Prayers, Correct-Nesaab for Jakaat, etc, which cannot be changed by any human :
4 - See, Modern Dictionary (Arabic-English), p. 394, by Elias A. Elias, Elias’ Modern Publishing House & Co., Cairo, 1972.
23
ا�و��ي ( HM3أو: ا� الصالة القامة الطهارة و الصالة كوقت آخر، لحكم الشارع وضعه الذى الحكم هو ( بالشارع اال تغيره اليمكن والذى ، الخ للزكاة النصاب
Due to their wrong understanding about Hokm-Wad'ee, it is their wrong opinion/fatwa that: Moslems need to obey the commands of Holy-Qor`aan only as obligatory duties, but obedience to the commands of Sonnah is optional !!! Because, All-Knowing Allaah SWT has commanded us (Moslems) to obey the Sonnah of Prophet SAWS in the many verses of Holy-Qor`aan, e.g. Nesaa/4: 59; Al-Emraan/3:31-32; Hashr/59:7; Nesaa/4 : 65, 80; Ahjaab/33 : 21, 36, 71. This is why, obedience to the commands of Sonnah is obedience to the commands of All-Knowing Allaah’s Holy-Qor`aan. Hence, obedience to the commands of Sonnah is not optional-duties, but it is obligatory duties, due to being it as obedience to the command of Holy-Qor`aan of Allaah SWT. It's clear example is that the 2, 3 or 4 obligatory RAK'AAT in the prayers –(e.g. in Fazr 2 Rak'ah, in Zohor 4 Rak'ah, in Maghreb 3 Rak'ah)- and system/method of prayers not from the Holy-Qor`aan; but that obligatory duties –(Raka'aat & system/method of prayers)- from the Sonnah/System of Holy-Prophet SAWS.
May Allaah SWT forgive us our mistakes/sins and guide all of us to understand the real-truths according to the Qor`aan & Sonnah and follow those truths in our all aspects of life including the correct system/Sonnah of beginning the Lunar/Eslaamic months in the correct day/date unitedly in all over the world.
(Please see the complete Global-Lunar-Calendar of the years1437 / 2015-16, 1438 / 2016-17 and 1439 / 2017-18 in the next pages).
بالمهتدين أعلم هو و المستعان والله
العالمين رب لله والحمد ، البالغ اال علينا وما
24
The Global-Lunar-Calendar of 1437 = 2015/2016
(based on certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent from Makkah/Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated place of the earth):-
MoharramOCT / NOV 2015 S M T W T F S
115
216
317
418
519
620
721
822
923
1024
1125
1226
1327
1428
1529
1630
1731
18NOV
192
203
214
225
236
247
258
269
2710
2811
2912
SafarNOV / DEC 2015
S M T W T F S113
214
315
416
517
618
719
820
921
1022
1123
1224
1325
1426
1527
1628
1729
1830
19DEC
202
213
224
235
246
257
268
279
2810
2911
3012
Rabee'-al-AowalDEC 2015 / JAN
2016 S M T W T F S113
214
315
416
517
618
719
820
921
1022
1123
1224
1325
1426
1527
1628
1729
1830
1931
20JAN
212
223
234
245
256
267
278
289
2910
3011
Rabee'-al-SaaneeJAN / FEB 2016
S M T W T F S112
213
314
415
516
617
718
819
920
1021
1122
1223
1324
1425
1526
1627
1728
1829
1930
2031
21FEB
222
233
244
255
266
277
288
299
Zomaada-al-Aowal
FEB / MAR 2016 S M T W T F S
110
211
312
413
514
615
716
817
918
1019
1120
1221
1322
1423
1524
1625
1726
1827
1928
2029
21MAR
222
233
244
255
26
27
288
29
30
Zomaada-al-Saanee
MAR / APR 2016 S M T W T F S
111
212
313
414
515
616
717
818
919
1020
1121
1222
1323
1424
1525
1626
1727
1828
1929
2030
2131
22APR
232
243
254
265
276
287
298
RazabAPR / MAY 2016 S M T W T F S
19
210
311
412
513
614
715
816
917
1018
1119
1220
1321
1422
1523
1624
1725
1826
1927
2028
2129
2230
23MAY
242
253
264
275
286
297
Sha'baanMAY / JUN 2016
S M T W T F S18
29
310
411
512
613
714
815
916
1017
1118
1219
1320
1421
1522
1623
1724
1825
1926
2027
2128
2229
2330
2431
25JUN
262
273
284
295
306
25
6 7 9 10
RamadhaanJUN / JUL 2016
S M T W T F S17
28
39
410
511
612
713
814
915
1016
1117
1218
1319
1420
1521
1622
1723
1824
1925
2026
2127
2228
2329
2430
25JUL
262
273
284
295
ShaowaalJUL / AUG 2016
S M T W T F S16
27
38
49
510
611
712
813
914
1015
1116
1217
1318
1419
1520
1621
1722
1823
1924
2025
2126
2227
2328
2429
2530
2631
27AUG
282
293
Jol-Qe'dahAUG / SEP 2016
S M T W T F S14
25
36
47
58
69
710
811
912
1013
1114
1215
1316
1417
1518
1619
1720
1821
1922
2023
2124
2225
2326
2427
2528
2629
2730
2831
29SEP
302
Jol-HezzahSEP / OCT 2016
S M T W T F S302
13
24
35
46
57
68
79
810
911
1012
1113
1214
1315
1416
1517
1618
1719
1820
1921
2022
2123
2224
2325
2426
2527
2628
2729
2830
29OCT
The Global-Lunar-Calendar of 1438 = 2016/2017
(based on certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent from Makkah/Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated place of the earth):-
MoharramOCT 2016
S M T W T F S13
24
35
46
57
68
79
810
911
1112
1213
1314
1415
1516
1617
1718
1819
1920
2021
2122
2223
2324
2425
2526
2627
2728
2829
2930
3031
SafarNOV 2016
S M T W T F S1
NOV22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
2424
2525
2626
27
28
2929
30
Rabee'-al-Aowal NOV / DEC 2016
S M T W T F S1
DEC22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
2424
25
26
27
28
2929
30
Rabee'-al-Saanee DEC 2016/JAN 2017
S M T W T F S3029
131
2JAN
32
43
54
65
76
87
98
109
1110
1211
1312
1413
1514
1615
1716
1817
1918
2019
2120
2221
2322
2423
2524
2625
2726
2827
2928
26
27
28
30
25
26
27
28
30
Zomaada-al-Aowal
JAN / FEB 2017 S M T W T F S
130
231
3FEB
42
53
64
75
86
97
108
119
1210
1311
1412
1513
1614
1715
1816
1917
2018
2119
2220
2321
2422
2523
2624
2725
2826
2927
Zomaada-al-Saanee
FEB / MAR 2017 S M T W T F S
128
2MAR
32
43
54
65
76
87
98
109
1110
1211
1312
1413
1514
1615
1716
1817
1918
2019
2122
2221
2322
2423
2524
2625
2726
2827
2928
3029
RazabMAR / APR 2017
S M T W T F S130
231
3APR
42
53
64
75
86
97
108
119
1210
1311
1412
1513
1614
1715
1816
1917
2018
2119
2220
2321
2422
2523
2624
2725
2826
2927
Sha'baanAPR / MAY 2017
S M T W T F S128
229
330
4MAY
52
63
74
85
96
107
118
129
1310
1411
1512
1613
1714
1815
1916
2017
2118
2219
2320
2421
2522
2623
2724
2825
2926
RamadhaanMAY / JUN 2017
S M T W T F S3025
127
228
329
430
531
6JUN
72
83
94
105
116
127
138
149
1510
1611
1712
1813
1914
2015
2116
2217
2318
2419
2520
2621
2722
2823
2924
ShaowaalJUN / JUL 2017
S M T W T F S126
227
328
429
530
6JUL
72
83
94
105
116
127
138
149
1510
1611
1712
1813
1914
2015
2116
2217
2318
2419
2520
2621
2722
2823
2924
Jol-Qe'dah JUL / AUG 2017
S M T W T F S1
25226
327
428
529
630
731
8AUG
92
103
114
125
136
147
158
169
1710
1811
1912
2013
2114
2215
2316
2417
2518
2619
2720
2821
2922
Jol-HezzahAUG / SEP 2017
S M T W T F S123
224
325
426
527
628
729
830
931
10SEP
112
123
134
145
156
167
178
189
1910
2011
2112
2213
2314
2415
2516
2617
2718
2819
2920
3021
27
The Global-Lunar-Calendar of 1439 = 2017/2018
(based on certainly sighting-possibility of new-crescent from Makkah/Jerusalem or any undoubted-dated place of the earth):-
MoharramSEP / OCT 2017 S M T W T F S
122
223
324
425
526
627
728
829
930
10OCT
112
123
134
145
156
167
178
189
1910
2011
2112
2213
2314
2415
2516
2617
2718
2819
2920
SafarOCT / NOV 2017
S M T W T F S3019
121
222
323
424
525
626
727
828
929
1030
1131
12NOV
132
143
154
165
176
187
198
209
2110
2211
2312
2413
2514
2615
2716
2817
2918
Rabee'-al-AowalNOV /DEC 2017
S M T W T F S120
221
322
423
524
625
726
827
928
1029
1130
12DEC
132
143
154
165
176
187
198
209
2110
2211
2312
2413
2514
2615
2716
2817
2918
3019
Rabee'-al-SaaneeDEC 2017 / JAN
2018 S M T W T F S
120
221
322
423
524
625
726
827
928
1029
1130
1231
13JAN
142
153
164
175
186
197
208
219
2210
2311
2412
2513
2614
2715
2816
2917
3018
Zomaada-al-Aowal
JAN / FEB 2018 S M T W T F S
119
220
321
422
523
624
725
826
927
1028
1129
1230
1331
14FEB
152
163
174
185
196
207
218
229
2310
2411
2512
2613
2714
2815
2916
3017
Zomaada-al-Saanee
FEB / MAR 2018 S M T W T F S118
219
320
421
522
623
724
825
926
1027
1128
12MAR
132
143
154
165
176
187
198
209
2110
2211
2312
2413
2514
2615
2716
2817
2918
RazabMAR / APR 2018 S M T W T F S
119
220
321
422
523
624
725
826
927
1028
1129
1230
1331
14APR
152
163
174
185
196
207
218
229
2310
2411
2512
2613
2714
2815
2916
3017
Sha'baanAPR / MAY 2018
S M T W T F S118
219
320
421
522
623
724
825
926
1027
1128
1229
1330
14MAY
152
163
174
185
196
207
218
229
2310
2411
2512
2613
2714
2815
2916
RamadhaanMAY / JUN 2018
ShaowaalJUN / JUL 2018
Jol-Qe'dahJUL / AUG 2018
Jol-HezzahAUG / SEP 2018
28
S M T W T F S117
218
319
420
521
622
723
824
925
1026
1127
1228
1329
1430
1531
16JUN
172
183
194
205
216
227
238
249
2510
2611
2712
2813
2914
S M T W T F S115
216
317
418
519
620
721
822
923
1024
1125
1226
1327
1428
1529
1630
17JUL
182
193
204
215
226
237
248
259
2610
2711
2812
2913
3014
S M T W T F S115
216
317
418
519
620
721
822
923
1024
1125
1226
1327
1428
1529
1630
1731
18AUG
192
203
214
225
236
247
258
269
2710
2811
2912
S M T W T F S113
214
315
416
517
618
719
820
921
1022
1123
1224
1325
1426
1527
1628
1729
1830
1931
20SEP
212
223
234
245
256
267
278
289
2910
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