Global Lessons:Global Lessons:

First 4-6 months of the First 4-6 months of the

Tsunami ResponseTsunami Response

ObjectivesObjectives• Highlight emerging issues, findings, lessons.Highlight emerging issues, findings, lessons.• Global: repeated across several reports (not Global: repeated across several reports (not

sourced). sourced). • Commonplace. Commonplace. • Art not science.Art not science.

Key Messages from UN / National Government Key Messages from UN / National Government WorkshopsWorkshops::

• Lessons need to have broad scope and be relevant for Lessons need to have broad scope and be relevant for more frequent, smaller-scale disasters, given more frequent, smaller-scale disasters, given vulnerability of the region.vulnerability of the region.

• Lessons are best if captured, processed and Lessons are best if captured, processed and disseminated in the form of policy advice and good disseminated in the form of policy advice and good practice to guide future post-disaster interventions. practice to guide future post-disaster interventions.

Source MaterialSource Material 27 documents (annexed). Total: c. 4027 documents (annexed). Total: c. 40

FocusFocus: : Region/global: 14Region/global: 14 Indonesia: 10Indonesia: 10 Sri Lanka: 6Sri Lanka: 6

Agency TypeAgency Type:: 9: NGOs (incl 2 DEC studies)9: NGOs (incl 2 DEC studies) 10: UN & World Bank 10: UN & World Bank 8: Other, eg, donors & research institutes8: Other, eg, donors & research institutes

Guide to DocumentGuide to Document

Key DAC CriteriaKey DAC Criteria:: Effectiveness & timelinessEffectiveness & timeliness Relevance & appropriatenessRelevance & appropriateness Coverage / needs assessment Coverage / needs assessment (incl gender & vulnerable (incl gender & vulnerable

groups)groups) Connectedness / sustainability Connectedness / sustainability (incl policy coherence)(incl policy coherence) ImpactImpact

Cross-cutting themesCross-cutting themes:: CoordinationCoordination Beneficiary participation / consultationBeneficiary participation / consultation Role of the military Role of the military

Effectiveness & TimelinessEffectiveness & Timeliness

Key IssuesKey Issues::PreparednessPreparedness

Chaotic aidChaotic aid

Agency capacity:Agency capacity: Management / administration / Management / administration /

staffing staffing EfficiencyEfficiency Timeliness Timeliness LogisticsLogistics

Roles of different actorsRoles of different actors

Quality issues (sectoral Quality issues (sectoral standards)standards)

Cross-cutting IssuesCross-cutting Issues::CoordinationCoordination

Beneficiary consultation Beneficiary consultation / participation/ participation

Role of militaryRole of military

Effectiveness & TimelinessEffectiveness & Timeliness

Preparedness: greatest global lessonPreparedness: greatest global lesson Building preparedness capacity best supports Building preparedness capacity best supports

coordination during emergency response. coordination during emergency response.

EfficiencyEfficiency The tendency to dump inputs and services - or provide The tendency to dump inputs and services - or provide

more than can be effectively used - should be curbed more than can be effectively used - should be curbed through coordination and careful assessment of needs.through coordination and careful assessment of needs.

QualityQuality Nothing replaces presence.Nothing replaces presence.

Relevance / AppropriatenessRelevance / Appropriateness

Food reliefFood relief The prevailing idea that nutrition is compromised if food The prevailing idea that nutrition is compromised if food

is replaced with vouchers or cash needs to be is replaced with vouchers or cash needs to be researched; increasingly shown not to be the case. researched; increasingly shown not to be the case.

CFWCFW CFW: A short-term solution that should be replaced by CFW: A short-term solution that should be replaced by

sustainable livelihoods options. Important because:sustainable livelihoods options. Important because: As CFW decreases, jealousy and dependency issues As CFW decreases, jealousy and dependency issues

occur. occur. It doesn’t reach the most vulnerable. It doesn’t reach the most vulnerable.

Role of the mediaRole of the media Media sensationalism of disease in particular leads to Media sensationalism of disease in particular leads to

inappropriate use of funds. inappropriate use of funds.

Coverage / Needs AssessmentCoverage / Needs Assessment Needs assessmentsNeeds assessments As information needed changes over time the assessment As information needed changes over time the assessment

strategies for collecting it must also change.strategies for collecting it must also change. As time moves on families meet some of their own needs; one As time moves on families meet some of their own needs; one

size fits all responses become more and more inappropriate.size fits all responses become more and more inappropriate. Standardised reporting formats allow users to quickly extract Standardised reporting formats allow users to quickly extract

relevant information from shared needs assessment reports – relevant information from shared needs assessment reports – though flexibility to meet novel situations is required.though flexibility to meet novel situations is required.

Only collect what you can use. Only collect what you can use.

Distribution / targetingDistribution / targeting Vulnerability depends on threat.Vulnerability depends on threat. Not many organisations were involved in advocacy for the Not many organisations were involved in advocacy for the

rights of tsunami victims, esp IDPs. rights of tsunami victims, esp IDPs.

Connectedness (sustainability)Connectedness (sustainability)

Humanitarian infrastructure / policy coherenceHumanitarian infrastructure / policy coherence• Early focus on recovery.Early focus on recovery.• Must make sure remaining H need doesn’t fall through gap Must make sure remaining H need doesn’t fall through gap

in shift to recovery.in shift to recovery. • Flexible funding of Flash Appeal allowed funding gap Flexible funding of Flash Appeal allowed funding gap

between relief and recovery phase to be closed. between relief and recovery phase to be closed. HoweverHowever, , those countries that didn’t benefit from Flash Apeal (India those countries that didn’t benefit from Flash Apeal (India and Thailand) had difficulty raising resources for recovery. and Thailand) had difficulty raising resources for recovery.

Livelihood developmentLivelihood development• Delays in livelihood development & shelter frustrates IDPs Delays in livelihood development & shelter frustrates IDPs

and contributes to mental health problems. and contributes to mental health problems. • Beneficiaries highlight the importance of savings and Beneficiaries highlight the importance of savings and

insurance schemes as well as community led insurance schemes as well as community led reconstruction and development interventions. reconstruction and development interventions.

Connectedness (sustainability) Connectedness (sustainability) contdcontd

Capacity strengtheningCapacity strengthening

TENSION: Local distribution systems should be TENSION: Local distribution systems should be established as soon as possible using community established as soon as possible using community structures. This will help with equitable distribution. structures. This will help with equitable distribution. HoweverHowever, communities are not egalitarian; using , communities are not egalitarian; using community structures can reinforce existing prejudice.community structures can reinforce existing prejudice.

The key must be to ‘build back better’ for viable and The key must be to ‘build back better’ for viable and sustainable development. sustainable development.

CoordinationCoordination

Many new actors; unprecedented involvement of Many new actors; unprecedented involvement of business. Need to extend coord mechanisms. business. Need to extend coord mechanisms.

Conflict between the coordination role and the Conflict between the coordination role and the implementation one.implementation one.

Significant own funds led to a lack of the Significant own funds led to a lack of the coordination that comes with funding from coordination that comes with funding from institutional donors or the UN.institutional donors or the UN.

Problems of coord between national and foreign Problems of coord between national and foreign military due to lack of forces’ agreements.military due to lack of forces’ agreements.

Beneficiary Consultation / ParticipationBeneficiary Consultation / Participation

Affected communities are key players in early Affected communities are key players in early relief efforts, yet not consistently consulted.relief efforts, yet not consistently consulted.

Puts at risk sensitive issues such as land rights Puts at risk sensitive issues such as land rights and vulnerable populations (incl migrant and vulnerable populations (incl migrant workers).workers).

Often geared towards efficiency rather than Often geared towards efficiency rather than empowerment and ownership. empowerment and ownership.

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