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Global land cover mapping GLCNMO and data sharing system CEReS Gaia
Ryutaro TateishiCenter for EnvironmentalRemote Sensing(CEReS)
Chiba UniversityE-mail: [email protected]
Production of 500 m Global Land Cover Data
using MODIS 2008 Data
GLCNMO 2nd Versionby Global Mapping Project
Global Mapping Project
By National Mapping Organizations (NMO) of166 countries and 16 regions
Global Map: Digital geographic informationcovering the global earth's surface with 8 layers including “Land Cover” (GLCNMO)
8 layers: Transportation, Boundary, Drainage, Population Centers, Elevation, Land Cover, Vegetation, Land Use
History of Global Mapping Project
1992
1996
2002
Japan proposed “Global Map” concept.
ISCGM was established.
Johannesburg Summit （WSSD）Global mapping is includedin adopted “Implementation Plan”.
2000 Started providing Global Map data
Establishment
of the Project
WSSD
Agenda 21 was adopted at Earth Summit.
Developm
entof G
lobal Map D
ata
UMD LCAVHRR1981, 1994
GLC2000VEGETATION2000
GLCNMOMODIS2003
GlobCoverENVISAT2005
MODIS LC by BUMODIS2000
GLCC(IGBP-DISCover)AVHRR1992
GlobCoverENVISAT2009
GLCNMOMODIS2008
Global Land Cover Datasets
30m 10-class map by China Landsat2009, 2010
300m-1km 20-class map
GLCNMOMODIS2013
Existing six global land cover datasets
IGBPUMD
GLC2000
GlobCoverGLCNMO
MODIS LC
The main satellite data used for GLCNMO 2008:
MODIS data
- global coverage (except Antarctica and over 80deg.N lat.)
- 500 m resolution- 7 bands (visible to SWIR)- Observation year: 2008- 16-day composite- 23 periods/year
Original MODIS 2008 Data~10 x 10 lat/long tiles in Sinusoidal projection
Processed at CEReS, Chiba University: Mosaic, Re-projection (to geographic lat/long) and Cloud removal
Before cloud removal
After cloud removal
MODIS Data 2008/12/02-17 RGB: 123
MODIS 2003 July
1-km, 16-day composite, 7-bands MODIS 2003
band 1, 2, 3 for RGB
GLCNMOcode Supervised classification Individual
mappig1 Broadleaf evergreen forest
2 Broadleaf deciduous forest
3 Needleleaf evergreen forest
4 Needleleaf deciduous forest
5 Mixed forest
6 Tree open
7 Shrub
8 Herbaceous
9 Herbaceous with sparse tree / shrub
10 Sparse vegetation
11 Cropland
12 Paddy field
13 Cropland / other vegetation mosaic
14 Mangrove
15 Wetland
16 Bare Area,consolidated (gravel,rock)
17 Bare Area,unconsolidated (sand)
18 Urban
19 Snow / ice
20 Water bodies
Classification
14 classesTraining data 7-13 classes continentally
20-140 sub-classes continentallyat lease 100 pixels per sub-
classDecision tree method
continentally
6 classes (water, urban, tree open, snow/ice, mangrove, wetlands)
Individual mapping
Classification flow
- Combined method of supervised classification and individual mapping
-Decision tree method was Selected
-Collection of training data using integrated potential map,Google Earth image, andMODIS images
Reference map for the collection of training dataAgreement of six global land cover data for ‘cropland’
completeagreement
Distribution of 2080 training polygons
Classification
6 classes (water, urban, tree open, snow/ice, mangrove, wetlands)
Individual mapping
MODIS 2008 (500m)
TC-Wetness(23 periods)
TC-Greenness(23 periods)
TC-Brightness(23 periods)
TCW-Water map
TCB-Water map
TCG-Water map
Water map
MODIS color compositeRGB: 621
Water maps of23 periods
Snow maps of23 periods
(intermediate result of snow mapping of this
study)
SRTM (1km DEM)
Water mask (MOD44W)
Post-processingVolcano
data
thresholdthresholdthreshold
500m DEM
slope
Water
Integration by ‘AND’ condition
Judgment of waterby water period
Snow/ice map
Water
- Thresholding of MODIS Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) indices
- MOD44W and SRTM DEM were used as reference data
Salt lakes in Central Asia
(a) MODIS 2008/04/06 (b) MODIS 2008/07/27
(d) GLOBCover
(c) GLCNMO 2003
(e) MOD44W (f) GLCNMO 2008
Aral Sea
Chimboy Lake
Water
*Landsat ETM+*Google Earth
MODIS 2008 (500m)
GDP per capita 2008 Country (IMF)
DMSP-OLS 2008 (1km)
Population data 2008 (1km)
Four tyopes of countriestype 1: low incometype 2: lower middle incometype 3: upper middle incometype 4: high income
Maximum NDVI of 23 periods
Resampling to 500m pixel
ISA 2010 (1km)
Area of a pixel
Threshold
•Candidte of urban area
(2) Area of less night-time light
(4) Area of more vegetation
Integration (exclude (2), (3), and (4) from (1))
Urban map
Population density (1km)
(3) Area of less impervious
surface
Urban
Data used: population, DMSP/OLS, Impervious, MODIS
GLCNMO2 (2008) GLCNMO (2003) IGBP Global Land Cover(Maryland University)
Landsat ETM+ 2007 GRUMP GLC2000 GLOBCover
Comparisons of Urban area Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Urban
Global wetlands locations in the Ramar Convention163 countries participate in and 2056 wetlands are contained.Total surface area of designated sites (hectares): 193,861,739
(source – the Convention on Wetlands website)
The Ramsar definition of "wetlands" is a broad one, including not just marshes, fen and peatland, but also lakes, coral reefs, temporary pools, even underground caves, and all sorts of other systems everywhere from the mountains to the sea, including man-made habitats.
2012/10/04
Wetland
Flow of wetland mapping
MODIS 500 m data (2008)
TC brightness (23 periods)
TC Greenness(23 periods)
TC wetness (23 periods)
Selection of best band
Wetlands site in Ramsar
(>1000 km2)
ThresholdGoogle Earth
imagery
Integration ofeach wetland
Final wetlands map
Extractone wetland
Wetland
Continental Land Cover – GLCNMO 2008
GLCNMO2008 (GLCNMO version2)
Distribution of 904 validation points for GLCNMO 2008
GLCNMO 2008 (20 classes)
GLCNMO 2008(8 aggregated
classes)
Overall accuracy 77.9% 91.4%
Class nameCorresponding classes before aggregation
1. Forest
2.Onv
3. Crop
4. Wet
5. Bare
6. Urban
7. Snow
8. Water
Total
User's accuracy (%)
1. Forest
1. Broadleaf evergreen forest
257 8 16 8 0 1 0 0 290 88.6
2. Broadleaf deciduous forest3. Needleleafevergreen forest4. Needleleafdeciduous forest5. Mixed forest6. Tree open
2. Other natural vegetation
7. Shrub8 107 6 4 6 0 2 0 133 80.5 8. Herbaceous
9. Herbaceous with sparse tree/shrub
3. Cropland
11. Cropland
3 8 105 0 0 0 0 0 116 90.5 12. Paddy field13. Cropland/other vegetation mosaic
4. Wetland 14. Mangrove 0 0 0 74 0 0 0 0 74 10015. Wetland
5. Bare area/ Sparse vegetation
16. Bare Area,consolidated (gravel, rock)
1 5 1 0 122 0 0 0 129 94.6 17. Bare Area, unconsoli‐ dated (sand)10. Sparse vegetation
6. Urban 18. urban 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 53 1007. Snow/ice 19. Snow/Ice 0 0 0 0 1 0 53 0 54 98.1 8. Water 20. Water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 55 100Total 269 128 128 86 129 54 55 55 904Producer's accuracy (%) 95.5 83.6 82.0 86.0 94.6 98.1 96.4 100
1. CEReS Chiba Univ.website
or
2. Data sharing system“CEReS Gaia”
Data availability
‐ Land cover product‐ Training data‐ MODIS data
A New Geospatial Data Sharing/Overlay System for Land Environmental Studies
CEReS Gaia
1.Free access without user registration
http://gaia.cr.chiba-u.jp/portal
Eight features of CEReS Gaia
2.Acceptable data to CEReS Gaia are: georeferenced data by latitude/longitude such assatellite image, thematic data,scanned map, ground measured data, ground photos, geo-registered documents
and their related files
Acceptable formats are:GeoTIFF for rastershape file for vectorlat/long information can be given to photos/documentsany other formats for related files
Input to the system
Datashare
Flood map
Land cover map
Ground photoChanging Aral
Forest fire
Kaza khdarya
Co ll ec to r Ust yu r t
KKS
Djilt yr bas res .
Sudochye
Mejdurechenskoye
Ilenkul
Dumal ak
Ma sh
ank
ol
Muy nak res.Ry bach ie
Amu
-Dary
a
Syr-Darya
Aral Sea
1960 2003
3.Data upload by registered users
By simple user registration,
You can uploadGeoTiff image,Shape vector,documents of anyformat, and other filesfrom your PC.
4.Options of accessibility for uploaded data: - single use, group use, or public release- display only or downloadable
personal use
share within a group
publish data
You can form a user groupor join into a user group
Search by area
Image ・・・ Raster dataVector ・・・ line,point,polygon..Document・・・ PDF,HTML,WORD
Search by keywords
Search results
Metadata and thumbnail
5. Data search
Search by polygon
CEReS Gaia
6.Overlaid display with transparencyamong user’s data, registered data, and WMS image
Simple transparency of one image&
Trilateral transparency
7.Cluster system, expandable
Cluster system
Data sharing
User structure of CEReS Gaia
superuser
system manager
system manager
system manager
group leader
group leader
group leader
unreg.user
reg.user
reg.user
reg.user
Internationally expandable
disk
server
reg. user: registered userunreg. user: not registered
user
8.Open source
to system managers
exceptlinkage among clusters anddata access control
Cluster system
Data sharing
POTAL SITE- user friendly
interface- data accumulation- International data
sharing
Geospatial data sharing/overlay system
“CEReS Gaia”
・Data overlay・Free use
・Internationallyexpandable
・Open source
User： researchers interested in earth surface environment
Initial Data
・Landsat data： Landsat GeoCover
・MODIS data： global, 2003 and 2008
・DMSP OLSdata：nighttime lights
・DEM：global ASTER GDEM
・population data：Land Scan(2008)
・the Harmonized World Soil Database by FAO, etc.
・constructed impervious surfaces by NGDC
・global land cover: GLCNMO and its training data
・global percent tree cover
Invitation to CEReS Gaia♦As a non-registered user: Access the site <http://gaia.cr.chiba-u.jp/portal>. You can see existing registered data. You can also overlay your own GeoTIFF or shape format data onto the registered data.
♦ As a registered user: You can upload your own data for the public data dissemination.
♦ As a user group: You can share data only within the user group.
♦ As a system managerResponsibilities: maintenance of hardware and approval of user groupsRequirements: manage a server system
spend a limited time for the communication with users
2010‐2012.8
development
2012.9‐2013
improvement
2014‐continuing
use
Schedule of CEReS Gaia
Launched August 2012
first processing
reference maps/images
second processing
yes
first processing
reference regional land cover/ vegetation maps
Potential land cover maps
continental cloud-free
MODIS data
addition/deletion/
modification of training data
Google Earth
Individual maps of Tree open, Wetland, Mangrove,
Snow/ice, Urban,and Water(Figure 5-10)
Trainingdata for
MODIS2008Decision tree
method
Merge subclasses to 14 classes (Result of
supervised classification)
MODIS 2008 Existing six global land cover data
Existing training data for MODIS 2003
Acceptable?by the comparison with referencemaps/images
Global land cover, GLCNMO2008
Check by NMOs(Appendix 2)
Post-processing (Figure 11)
Validation
Validation data
Integration
no
Change parameter of classification
second processing
Flow of GLCNMO2008 mapping
Cloud removal model for MODIS 2008 data
1. MODIS 2008 Data
- Original 16 day composite still remains many clouds
- After cloud removal, we have a cloud-free dataset of MODIS 2008
48
Map of ground‐truth sites (for TD)
Land cover type(PTC)
Forest (75[50]-100%)
Vegetation (0-25[45]%)
Non-vegetation (0-5%)
Urban(0-30%)
Snow(0-5%)
Water(0-5%)
Original sites 320 575 46 71 11 17
Added sites 331 1298 0 0 0 0
2,679 sites
