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Global Hot Springs Industry Update
Business, Culture and Community
Charles Davidson, Peninsula Hot Springs, Australia
Direct Use of Geothermal Resources African Rift Geothermal Conference
Ethiopia 2-4 November, 2016
HOTSPRINGS ASIA LEADS BY SIZE
Asia is the fastest growing market
Global Wellness Institute: Thermal/Mineral Springs Economy
2013
TOP HOTSPRING MARKETS
China and Japan represent 51%
of global industry
revenues.
Global Wellness Institute: Thermal/Mineral Springs Economy 2013, SRI Research
2013 Global Hot
Springs Revenues $50 billion
JAPAN THREE MAIN TYPES OF ONSEN
Day Onsen: mainly in big cities with spa service, like Day spa operation. Ave. spend ~15-20 USD
Local Public Onsen: often settled in onsen district serving the local residents, small and cheap. Typically 5-8 USD. Some are free.
Onsen Ryokan: Traditional lodges, often far away from cities, providing food and accommodation. Family and lovers are main guest types. Ave. spend per person per day is ~200 USD.
JAPAN HOT SPRING DEVELOPMENT
Prehistoric Era Rejuvenation after hard physical work
Nara Era Buddhist Activities
Kamakura Era From buddhist to recreation
Edo Period Flourishing for medical effects
Heisei Period Industry suffered due to economy. Regulation
v v
Products: Natural
Onsen for relaxation
Natural Onsen
for general health
Ryokan Facilities cuisine
Natural hotspring has always been core to Japanese hot spring industry
Natural Onsen
for specific health
conditions SPA
Ryokan Facilities cuisine
JAPANESE ONSEN ‘PROFESSIONAL’ Every hot spring has its own “Onsen ID Card”, including information such as:
Origin of the hotspring water
Mineral composition
Curative effects
pH, indicating different therapeutic effects
E.g., Kusatsu-onsen pH 2.6: very helpful for skin disease,
chronic gynaecopathia and hypertension;
Hirugami-onsen pH 9.5: popular among girls for skin care.
Temperature of the head spring: higher temperature can
dissolve more active ions (?)
Osmotic pressure: indicating mineral absorption.
Contraindication and cautions
Japan's Ministry of Environment has just launched an "Onsen Office" dedicated to onsen promotion
CHINA HOTSPRING OVERVIEW
More than 4,000 hot springs around China Hot spring tourism revenue is over 12 billion USD p.a.. No. of hot spring tourists increasing 15-20% p.a..
Map of Hot Springs in China
CHINA HOTSPRING DEVELOPMENT
Feudal China For a long period of time, hot spring is royalty- related Project: Huaqing Hot Spring
Before Opening-up policy Coal miners or government officials use as sanatorium Project: Liao Ning An Shan Tang Gang Zi Hot Spring
1980s to late 20th century Embrace masses recreation oriented Project: Zhuhai Yu Hot Spring Resort
Recently Flourishing with entertainment and multi-function hot springs Project: Mission Hills Haikou; Xi'an Lehua Water Park
early 21st century More elaborate and private soft wellness oriented with Spa Project: Brilliant Chongqing and Banyan tree Li Jiang
US$45 billion under construction or in the hot springs investment pipeline in China
Global Hot Springs DIFFERENT MODELS
Famous bathing towns bring deep cultural
and design influence to bathing. Traditional
healing cures with some level of health
care support remains important. Sauna is a key element of most
facilities.
CHINA
EUROPE JAPAN
INDIA China is proliferating
many types of hot springs with
accommodation, spa services, Chinese
medicine, food and entertainment. Multi-function and diverse.
Predominantly natural hot springs; making full use of the water itself. ‘Pure’, professional and clean. Day visits, Ryokan (inns) and large city based onsen (hot spring) spa centres are primary. Culture is dominant.
Religious and spiritual springs
dominate. Baths are simple but free.
Economy around baths thrives –
accommodation and street stalls.
Victorian Hot Springs Industry Development Plan
Thermal spas + attractions
Thermal Water Parks
in China
Kalambu Hot Springs Waterpark
Costa Rica
Ground-sourced thermal spring
water heated by an active volcano +
Costa Rica's largest waterpark
Ice
Cave
Examples of innovation and designing to suite the
climate at Peninsula Hot Springs
Ice Cave
Clay Ridge
Earth
Clays
Activity Center: Bikes, Walking, Horse Riding
Indigenous Boonwurrong Aboriginal Connection
Women’s and Men’s Spaces – Cultural Meeting Spaces
African Hot Springs Opportunity to connect with nature, culture, community and conservation