Global Good Samaritans: Global Good Samaritans: Human rights foreign policyHuman rights foreign policy

August 2010August 2010

AustraliaAustralia

Why--Norms and globalizationWhy--Norms and globalization

Moral interdependenceMoral interdependence Strat. interdependence: “human security”Strat. interdependence: “human security” Intl. community: intl. hr “regime”Intl. community: intl. hr “regime” Identity: roles, scriptsIdentity: roles, scripts Governance: civil society, legitimacyGovernance: civil society, legitimacy Socialization: politics of persuasionSocialization: politics of persuasion

The intl. hr regime:The intl. hr regime:sometimes--“it takes a state”sometimes--“it takes a state”

Multilateral: ICCMultilateral: ICC

Bilateral: S Afr sanctions Bilateral: S Afr sanctions

peace promotion: CR C Amerpeace promotion: CR C Amer

Aid: Sweden c. $3 billion/yearAid: Sweden c. $3 billion/year

Refugees: Sweden>10,000 Refugees: Sweden>10,000 Iraqis Iraqis

Research designResearch design Global map for necessary and sufficient conditionsGlobal map for necessary and sufficient conditions

ThresholdsThresholds: : • democracy, democracy, • development, development, • Secure globalizationSecure globalization

Variables:Variables:• Leadership, Leadership, • civil society, civil society, • ideologyideology

Case selectionCase selection LeadersLeaders: :

• high inputs, high outcomes = Swedenhigh inputs, high outcomes = Sweden LaggardsLaggards: :

• high inputs, low outcomes = Japanhigh inputs, low outcomes = Japan Least likely casesLeast likely cases: :

• low inputs, high outcomes = Costa Ricalow inputs, high outcomes = Costa Rica ChangesChanges: NL, South Africa: NL, South Africa

Sources of ReconstructionSources of Reconstruction

States “most likely to succeed” (dozens)States “most likely to succeed” (dozens) Small is beautiful; middle and regional powersSmall is beautiful; middle and regional powers Secure: demilitarized, neutral, or shelteredSecure: demilitarized, neutral, or sheltered Global: Outward-oriented, linkagesGlobal: Outward-oriented, linkages Democracy—deep, Parliamentary, equity (esp. gender)Democracy—deep, Parliamentary, equity (esp. gender) Regional placement: CR vs. Canada vs. AustraliaRegional placement: CR vs. Canada vs. Australia

Problems in any dimension pull down level of promotionProblems in any dimension pull down level of promotion

Activating the potentialActivating the potential AgentsAgents

Charismatic leadersCharismatic leaders Foreign policy professionalsForeign policy professionals Civil society: Civil society:

• CosmopolitanCosmopolitan• Connected to for. policyConnected to for. policy

IdeasIdeas UniversalismUniversalism Social democracySocial democracy InterdependenceInterdependence Regional nicheRegional niche

Again, lacks lead to limitsAgain, lacks lead to limits

Canada as Global Good Samaritan—Canada as Global Good Samaritan—Inputs and outcomesInputs and outcomes

MultilateralMultilateral ICC, R2PICC, R2P

BilateralBilateral SA yes, China?SA yes, China?

TransnatlTransnatl KimberleyKimberley

AidAid Low but Haiti, Low but Haiti, demo %demo %

Peace promotionPeace promotion Afghanistan, Afghanistan, landmineslandmines

RefugeesRefugees Nos., open to SNos., open to S

GlobalizedGlobalized Two-thirds Two-thirds trade econtrade econ

DemocraticDemocratic ParliamentParliament

SecuritySecurity shelteredsheltered

LeadershipLeadership Trudeau, Trudeau, AxworthyAxworthy

Civil societyCivil society Deep, cosmo, Deep, cosmo, QuebecQuebec

IdeologyIdeology Charter, “other Charter, “other America”America”

ImplicationsImplications

National interest National interest cancan be be reconstructedreconstructed

Some Some statesstates build global build global governancegovernance

But need:But need: Eternal vigilanceEternal vigilance Activate more laggardsActivate more laggards Build “coalitions of the Build “coalitions of the

caring”caring” Deepen global normsDeepen global norms Evaluate effectiveness Evaluate effectiveness

““Best practices”: Best practices”: doing well at doing gooddoing well at doing good

Good-Good-enough enough Samaritans: Samaritans: leverage inconsistencyleverage inconsistency Democracy begins at homeDemocracy begins at home: civil soc, equity: civil soc, equity Coordinate policyCoordinate policy: dev-security-hr: dev-security-hr Fund from the Fund from the bottom upbottom up ““It takes a MinistryIt takes a Ministry”?”?: :

Where is hr placed? Level, mainstreaming, IO vs. policyWhere is hr placed? Level, mainstreaming, IO vs. policy Foreign Ministry practices: rotations, country desks, Foreign Ministry practices: rotations, country desks, aid agency status: ind? Budget processaid agency status: ind? Budget process Refugees as poli vs. legal subjects, placementRefugees as poli vs. legal subjects, placement

EvaluateEvaluate and learn and learn Venue-shop beyond bordersVenue-shop beyond borders InstitutionalizeInstitutionalize hr promotion; beyond charisma hr promotion; beyond charisma JoinJoin “coalitions of the caring” “coalitions of the caring”

Australia: Australia: “Waltzing Matilda”? (Lawler)“Waltzing Matilda”? (Lawler)

Outputs:Outputs: Multilateral and aid aspirations launched by Evans, but Multilateral and aid aspirations launched by Evans, but

consistent under conservatives (consistent under conservatives (like Swedenlike Sweden)) Bilateral tricky vis trade, transnatl (Bilateral tricky vis trade, transnatl (like Canadalike Canada)) Timor intervention; demo, stability, or hr?Timor intervention; demo, stability, or hr? Refugee contradiction (Refugee contradiction (like NLlike NL))

Inputs:Inputs: Dev demo secure middle power w growing multicult pop Dev demo secure middle power w growing multicult pop

((like Canadalike Canada)) Commonwealth values; 2005 82% think Aus “good Commonwealth values; 2005 82% think Aus “good

international citizen”international citizen” But regional barrier to universalism (But regional barrier to universalism (like S Afrlike S Afr)) Neo-liberal post-9/11 U.S. “humanitarianism lite”Neo-liberal post-9/11 U.S. “humanitarianism lite”