1

Dr. Chen Gesong

State Grid Corporation of China

17/12/2015

Global Energy Interconnection and Northeast Asia Grid

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“China will propose discussions on estab-

lishing global energy interconnection to

facilitate efforts to meet the global power

demand with clean and green alternatives”.

----Chinese President Xi Jinping

Exert the influence of the UN to support

and promote the construction of global

energy interconnection and support

human society’s sustainable

development.

-----UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

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1. What is GEI

2. Why we need GEI

3. How to build GEI

Part I Global Energy Interconnection（GEI）

Video: GEI

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GEI= UHV + Smart Grid + Clean Energy

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恰姆帕 换流站

库鲁特舍克拉 换流站

UHV - Backbone of GEI 1000kV AC or above ± 800kV DC or above Advantage: Long distance,

High capacity, Low loss

DC ± 1100kV DC ± 500kV

Capacity 12GW 3GW

Distance 5000km <1000km

Line loss 2% /1000km 8% /1000 km

China UHV projects under

operation:

3AC + 6 DC

transmitted 520 TWh

construction:

4AC + 5 DC

Overseas UHVDC projects

under construction :

2 in Brazil

2 in India

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Smart Grid projects of SGCC National Wind-PV-Storage

Transmission demonstration Project:

500MW wind power 100MW solar power 70MW storage power Zhoushan ± 200kV 1GW five-

end VSC HVDC Project. 2100 Smart Substations 310 Million Smart Meters 800 EV Charging Stations 24,000 Charging Poles

Zhoushan ± 200kV five-end VSC HVDC Project

Smart Grid – Foundation of GEI

National Wind-PV-Storage Transmission demonstration Project in North Zhangjiakou

High flexibility and adaptability for clean energy, DG, micro grid Integration of smart equipment, intelligent city, customer interaction

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Clean Energy – Focus of GEI

Technology innovation Wind turbine: 8MW; Solar power efficiency: 20-35%. Installed Capacity: 370GW wind power, 190GW solar power in 2014. Cost competitive: China: Wind: 0.07$/kWh; Solar: 0.13 $/kWh.

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

40

30

20

10

0

陆上风电 光伏发电 化石能源发电

单位：美分

/千瓦时

Onshore

Wind Solar Fossil

Un

it: ce

nts

pe

r K

Wh

Comparisons of costs development trends of onshore wind power, Solar

power and fossil fuel

World Installed power capacity and growth rates of wind and solar, 2000-2014

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Challenges Two

Replacements GEI

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Energy

Security

Environment

Pollution Climate

Change

Challenges

Acid Rain Areas

SO2, NOX 1t fossil=2t CO2

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Clean energy replacement：replacing fossil fuels with clean energy like

solar and wind power in energy development side, cutting the emission

of CO2 and SO2, NOx, etc.

Electricity replacement: replacing consumption of fossil fuels like coal

and oil with electricity in energy consumption side, increasing the

energy efficiency and improving environment conditions.

Solutions-Two Replacements

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Platform for clean energy replacement:

Adapt to the uneven-distribution,

randomness of wind and solar power

generation;

Develop clean energy in large scale.

0.05% of clean energy can meet total

demand of the whole world.

Platform for electricity replacement

Allocate electricity worldwide

Provide reliable electricity supply

3.1 实施“两个替代”的必然要求 Platform-GEI

Allocation of world wind Resource Allocation of world solar resource

>1000TW > 100,000TW

Gas Power

Coal Power

Hydropower

Wind power

Solar Power Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Tidal Power Load

Grid

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now 2020 2030 2050

Phase 1: domestic interconnection

Promote national smart grid and interconnection

Promote domestic clean energy development

Phase 2: continental interconnection

Promote continental cross-border interconnections

Promote continental clean energy bases development

Phase 3: intercontinental interconnection

Realize intercontinental grid connection

Develop Arctic and equatorial clean energy

Form a global energy interconnection

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国家电网

南方电网

SGCC will build UHV

AC/DC hybrid grid

By 2020, eastern and

western synchronized

State Grid

By 2025,a unified

synchronized State Grid

State Grid

China Southern Grid

(1) Domestic interconnection-China

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Asian interconnected power grid

Legend

Central Asia

Sou

th A

sia Hydropower

Wind Power

Solar Power

Oceania

(2)Continental Interconnection – Asia

Grid Interconnection

Asia Grid includes:

Northeast Asia Grid,

Middle Asia Grid,

Southeast Asia Grid,

South Asia Grid,

Middle east Grid

Clean Energy

By 2050,

38,000TWh

Distributed

4,500 TWh

Centralized

29,000 TWh

Arctic and Equatorial

4,700 TWh

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(3)Global Interconnection

1,200

1,000

800

1,500

2,500

1,000

(Unit: trillion kWh)

Unit:TWh

Asia

North America

Africa

Europe

South America

Oceania

Region Demand Centralized Generation

Distributed Generation

From Arctic From Equatorial

Asia 38,000 28,900 4,500 1,200 3,500

Europe 9,500 6,300 900 800 1,500

North America 10,200 7,700 1,600 1,000 0

South America 5,100 3,300 800 0 1,000

Africa 9,500 3,500 3,000 0 3,000

Oceania 700 500 300 0 0

Total 73,000 50,000 11,000 3,000 9,000

Power Supply Structure in 2050 (TWh)

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Promoting clean energy development, 80%

Meeting electricity demand ,73,000TWh

Reducing carbon emission, 11.5 billion tones CO2

Replacing 24 billion tons of standard coal annually

Cutting 67 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually

(4) Benefits of GEI

Controlling temperature rise within 2℃.

The challenges of energy security, environment pollution and climate

change can be solved.

Centralized Generation

Distributed

Generation

From Arctic

and Equatorial

23Btons

11.5Bton

s

0

5

10

15

20

25

Carbon Emission

1990 2050Power supply structure Energy structure

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1. Importance of NEAG

2. Roadmap of NEAG

3. Benefits of NEAG

Part II Northeast Asia Grid (NEAG)

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Promoting the construction of GEI.

• An important part of Asian grid

• Conjunction for Europe-Asia-North America grid

• Promoting Arctic wind power development

36%

64%

Electricity Generation

Northeast Asia

24%

76%

Population

Northeast Asia

Rest of the world

Northeast Asia

Rest of the world

Rest of the world

Northeast Asia

Grid

Europe

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Promoting clean energy development in Northeast Asia

Wind Resource in Russia

10,400 TWh/year

Hydro Resource in Russia

700TWh/year

Wind Resource in Mongolia

2,500 TWh/year

Solar Resource in Mongolia

3,400 TWh/year

Wind Resource in China

20,000 TWh/year

Solar Resource in China

85,000 TWh/year

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Promoting regional energy balance and safety

Source : IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2014; Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries 2014.

503.17 436.8

232.4

-592.94

-11.78

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

China Japan Korea Russia Mongolia

Exp

ort

I

mp

ort

Unit: Million tons of oil equivalent

Net Import of Energy in 2013

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Step 3 Step 2

Step 1

Interconnection

of China, Russia

and Mongolia

Interconnection of

China, Korean

Peninsula and

Japan

Interconnection

of NEAG

Principles of constructing NEAG

• From easiness to hardness

• From near to distant

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Energy sending : Wind and solar power in Mongolia Hydropower in Far East and Siberia Wind power in Northeast China

Project Voltage Capacity

ERKO Zipf, Russia - Bazhou, China ± 800kV 8GW

Irkutsk, Russia – Tangshan, China ± 800kV 8GW

Mongolia – Jinan, China ± 800kV 10GW

(1) Interconnection of China, Russia and Mongolia Grid

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(2) Interconnection of China, Korean Peninsula and Japan Grid

± 500/± 800kV multi-end DC project：4-5-6 Length：1500km, (including submarine cable 400 km);

Sending end: Shenyang, Weihai

Receiving end：Pyongyang, Seoul, Fukuoka

Weihai 3GW

Pyongyang 1GW

Fukuoka 2GW

Shenyang 3GW

Seoul 3GW

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Grid Pattern UHV AC/DC backbone grid North-South Electricity transmission West-East Electricity transmission

Generation Pattern Coordinated integration of

multiple energy sources

Combined utilization of hydro

& thermal generation

Mutual backup of Wind &

Solar power

(3) Northeast Asia Grid

Irkutsk

Mongolia

ERKO Zipf

Fukuoka

Sapporo

Bering Strait

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Strong grid

Support

Receiving grid for clean energy from Russia and

Mongolia

Sending grid for power to Korean Peninsula and Japan

Power pool of NEAG

Technology

Support

UHV AC/DC transmission

Controlling of large scale grid

VSC-HVDC

FACTs

Equipment &

Production

Support

UHV AC/DC equipment

50% of global wind turbine production capacity (28GW)

51% of global solar cell production capacity(40GW)

(4)Role of China Grid

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3D benefits Time Zone Difference

Seasonal Difference

Price Difference

Seasonal difference in Northeast Asia

Time zone difference in Northeast Asia Price difference in Northeast Asia

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Load

rat

io

China Korea Japan Monglolia Russia

0.05 0.06

0.11 0.10

0.21

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Mongolia Russia China Korea Japan

Ele

ctri

city

Pri

ce o

n a

vera

ge

Do

llars

/kW

h

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1 2 3 4

LOA

D R

ATI

O

China Japan Korea Russia Mongolia

Winter Spring summer Autumn

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Sufficient energy supply

for Northeast Asia

Energy Benefit

Economic Benefit

Social Benefit

Environment Benefit

Reduce system reserve,

Investment in generation and grid,

Boost economy

Integrate clean energy

Reduce SO2, NOX, CO2 emission

Economic integration

Political mutual trust

Peoples’ interaction

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Conclusion：

GEI is a feasible solution to challenges of energy security, environment pollution and climate change of the world.

NEAG, acting as a pioneer project of GEI, will solve the energy problems in Northeast Asia.

SGCC will jointly promote the construction of GEI and NEAG.

Video: GEI

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Thank you!