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GLOBAL EMPLOYERSThe Context for International
Education
George S. YipDean and Professor
Rotterdam School of Management,Erasmus University
How Do Companies See the World?
2
The World by Population
3
The World by GDP
4
HOMEBUSINESS
Source: José de la Torre, UCLA
The Internationalist
5
HOLDINGCOMPANY
Source: José de la Torre, UCLA
The Federalist
6
GlobalHQ
Source: José de la Torre, UCLA
The Global Maximizer
7
A Typical Multinational Today
Canada:•Marketing SubsidiariesUnited States:
•R&D Center•Manufacturing Plant
Mexico:Marketing Subsidiaries
Germany:•Eight Manufacturing Facilities•Corporate Headquarters
Russia:•Kaliningrad Assembly Plant
Brazil:•Curitiba (Tritec Motors)
United Kingdom:•Four Manufacturing Plants
South Africa:•Rosslyn Manufacturing Plant
Egypt:•Kairo Assembly Plant
Thailand:•Rayong Assembly Plant
Malaysia:•Kuala Lumpur Assembly Plant
Switzerland:•Manufacturing Plant•R&D Center
China:•Shenyang Joint venture with Brilliance China Automotive
Indonesia:•Jakarta Assembly Plant
88
The global company does not have to be everywhere, but it has the
capability to go anywhere, deploy any assets, and access any
resources. And it maximizes profits on a global basis.
The Global Company
9
• Global Market Participation
• Global Products
• Global Activity Location
• Global Marketing
• Global Competitive Moves
Global Strategy Levers
13
Large Global Segment and Smaller National Niches
National Segments
Shift to Global Segmentation
14
Large
Standardized
Core
Customized Periphery
The Real Global Product
15
Honda’s Global Accord
16
Perception
Social Ethics
Competitors
Technology Changes
Regulations
Shareholders
Customers
Political considerations
Processes
Culture
Knowledge
Structure
Assets
Technology
People
Processes
Culture
Knowledge
Structure
Assets
Technology
People
Perception
Social Ethics
Competitors
Technology Changes
Regulations
Shareholders
Customers
Political considerations
Control & Coordination
Perception
Social Ethics
Competitors
Technology Changes
Regulations
Shareholders
Customers
Political considerations
Processes
Culture
Knowledge
Structure
Assets
Technology
People
Processes
Culture
Knowledge
Structure
Assets
Technology
People
Processes
Culture
Knowledge
Structure
Assets
Technology
People
Perception
Social Ethics
Competitors
Technology Changes
Regulations
Shareholders
Customers
Political considerations
Control & Coordination
Competitors
Customers
Stakeholders
Social Ethics
Political Considerations
Perception
Regulations
Technology Changes
Competitors
Customers
Stakeholders
Social Ethics
Political Considerations
Perception
Regulations
Technology Changes
A World of Global Sourcing
19
Shift the Burden of Proof
Old Assumption Act local unless you can prove otherwise
New Assumption Act global unless you can prove otherwise
24
Number of emerging market companies in the Global Fortune 500 (2002 - 2008)
0102030405060
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Nu
mb
er
of
co
mp
an
ies
Many will work for emerging economy companies
25
05
101520253035
Number in the Global Fortune 500
20072008
Rise of Emerging Economy Firms
26
The world is getting flatter.
And so are companies.
Management 2.0
Implications for Graduates
28
Graduates Will Have to be Able to Work Anywhere with Anyone
10
Specifications of International Manager
• actively analytical
• willing to take risks
• action-oriented
• constructive not defensive
• multidimensional thought
• information from many sources
• sensitive to the needs of others
• delegate and trust
• live with ambiguity and complexity
Source: Paul Sparrow (1999) in Pat Joynt and Bob Morton, The Global HR Manager, London: Institute of Personnel and Development, 1999
Globalizing the Educ. Inst. Business Model
SCOPE
Nature of Inputs
Nature of Outputs Channels
How Transform
Inputs
Nature of Customers
ORGANIZATION
DIFFERENTIATION
Globalizing the Business Model:Inputs
What nationalities of students?
• What mix?
• Quotas or not?
• Proportionate to what?
• Global population
• Global GDP
• Employers
Other demographics?
Higher fees paid by foreign students
22
Globalizing the Business Model:Scope (Location)
The false analogy with businesses
• Hard to recreate the production system
• Campus experience
• Reluctance of faculty to travel
Full duplication very expensive and very rare
Consider local competition
Too late for China?
23
Globalizing the Business Model:Differentiation
So Does Being International Really Matter? Not the primary differentiator
Not the primary differentiator
But as added value
24
Globalizing the Business Model:How Transform Outputs
Technology?
Univ. of Western Ontario, Ivey School’s three screen classroom
Internet and Web?Only as supplement
Language?
25
Globalizing the Business Model:How Transform Outputs, cont.
Sourcing Faculty
• Nationality?
• Teachers or Researchers?
• Ladder or Adjuncts?
• Local or fly in?
26
Globalizing the Business Model:Channels
Location of First Jobs
• The school as migration agency
Mismatch with employer needs Unhappy graduates Manage expectations Major career services investment
27
Globalizing the Business Model:Nature of Customers
Changing international needs of:
• Consulting firms
• Investment banks
• Multinational companies
• Emerging economy companies
28
Conclusions
• Educational Institutions have to globalize their business models
• But many ways to do it
• Pace of change is accelerating
29
Rate of Change
“When the rate of change inside the company
is exceeded by the rate of change outside the company,
the end is near.”
Jack Welch
CEO, General Electric
30