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Global and Regional Tectonics Kathy Haller

Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

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Page 1: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Global and Regional Tectonics

Kathy Haller

Page 2: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Plate boundaries and earthquakes

Page 3: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Plates of the world

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

Page 4: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Major classes of plate boundaries

Page 5: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Divergent boundaries

Average spreadingrate 46.6 mm/yr

10 km3 of crustadded each yearworldwide

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

Page 6: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Mid-ocean ridge spreading center

http://animations.geol.ucsb.edu/animations/quicktime/SFS_Seafl&arrows.mov

Page 7: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Transform boundaries

Average slip rate ofoceanic transformfaults=40.5 mm/yr

Average slip rate ofcontinental transformfaults=24.7 mm/yr

Little or no crust iscreated or consumed

Page 8: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Ring of fire

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/fire.html

Page 9: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Convergent boundaries

http://animations.geol.ucsb.edu/download/jrscsubdtn.php

Average convergence rate=62.3 mm/yr

Page 10: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Continent-continent collision

http://animations.geol.ucsb.edu/download/himalayancollision.php

Average convergence rate=26.2 mm/yr

Page 11: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Indian-Eurasian plate collision

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

Page 12: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Himalayan deformation

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

Page 13: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Distribution of similar crust

Page 14: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

50 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 15: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

45 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 16: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

40 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 17: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

35 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 18: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

30 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 19: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

25 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 20: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

20 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 21: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

15 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 22: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

10 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 23: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

5 million years ago

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 24: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Present

(Hall, 1996) http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/Publications/papers/papers.html

Page 25: Global and Regional Tectonics - USGS Earthquake Hazards ... · Transform boundaries Average slip rate of oceanic transform faults=40.5 mm/yr Average slip rate of continental transform

Summary