Jim Nagle, Chief CNS/AIRSJim Nagle, Chief CNS/AIRSInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationInternational Civil Aviation Organization

Global Air Navigation System Global Air Navigation System CNS Elements CNS Elements

SIP/2009SIP/2009--WP/6WP/6Elements Elements -- CNSCNS

Workshop on the Development of Workshop on the Development of National Performance Framework to achieve a National Performance Framework to achieve a

Global ATM SystemGlobal ATM System(Mexico City, 6(Mexico City, 6--10 July 2009)10 July 2009)

2

Presentation outlinePresentation outlineCNS Elements overviewTerminologyCNS ArchitectureCNS Elements SpectrumCNS Elements TransitionCNS Elements in a Performance Based Air Navigation SystemSummary

3

a) component architecture of the operation conceptb) are enablers of the operational conceptc) have a mix of satellite and ground-based systemsd) provide global coveragee) are interoperable systems d) provides seamlessnesse) employs air/ground data linkf) employs digital technologiesg) comprises various levels of automationh) need to be supported by quality assured data

CNS elements CNS elements ……

4

Reference terminologyReference terminology

Architecture: An integration of “enablers” needed to implement an operational conceptEnablers: An “enabler” of the operational concept, or of an element of the operational concept, is “something” which contributes to making it feasible and supports performance requirementsEnablers may be:✓ Something technical (availability of technology, an algorithm, etc.)✓ Something operational (e.g., operational procedures drawn up in

accordance with the ICAO and other regulatory bodies regulations, training of operational staff)

✓ Or something socio-economic (e.g., decision to invest, because benefits can be expected

5

Types of EnablersTypes of Enablers

Technical Enablers of an element of the operational concept are technologies meeting both following conditions:✓ They meet properties required to implement the element✓ And it is realistic to consider that they can become operational in the

element, during the proposed time frameOperational Enablers procedures supporting the operational concept are global operational procedures, rules of the air, standards, meeting all the following conditions:

• They are consistent with the element• It is realistic to consider that they can be officially approved early

enough to be operational in the element, during the proposed timeframe• Selection of staff, training to these procedures can be achieved early

enough for application during the proposed timeframeSocio-economic Enablers of an element of the operational concept are decisions taken by stakeholders (including airlines), and agreements between them to make the operational concept possible, and everything that makes these decisions actually possible

6

Today✓Many CNS Technologies✓Many standards✓Regional solutions✓Regional service variations

CNS ArchitectureCNS Architecture

GPS

Existing Navigation Systems

Existing Communications Systems

Existing Surveillance Systems

VOR

DME

Radar

ADS

VHF SSB

VDLSATCOM

HF HFDLORAN

ILS

MLAT

7

Current Communication Architecture

Current Communication Architecture

BroadcastSatellite (DBS)

GroundNetworks

Two-WaySatellite

(INMARSAT& Iridium )

Air Traffic ManagementAOC & otheruser support

Commercial ServiceProviders

VHF-AM VOICE

4

VDL MODE 2

3, 5, 68

3, 4, 5 6, 7, 9

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 98, 9

8, 9

1, 268

1,2,3,45,7,8

9 9

CommercialPassengerServices

VHF ACARS

3, 5, 67

HF Voice

2,4, 8

VHF-AMVOICE ATIS

1, 2

VDL-B

1, 2

3, 4, 5 6, 7

SpaceSegment

AirSegment

GroundSegment

HF Datalink

6, 8

V = Voice D = Data

1 Flight Information D/V2 Traffic Information D/V3 Controller-Pilot Messaging D4 Controller-Pilot Voice V5 Aircraft-ATC messaging D6 Aircraft-AOC messaging D7 ADS reporting D8 Aircraft Weather reporting D9 Passenger Services D

Communication Types

10 Pilot – Pilot Communications V

10 10

UAT

8

Future Communication Architecture

Future Communication Architecture

SpaceSegment

SatelliteBroadcast

(DBS)

AirSegment

GroundNetworks

Two-WaySatellite

(INMARSAT& Iridium)

Air Traffic ManagementAOC & otheruser support

GroundSegment

Commercial ServiceProviders

VHF-AM VOICE

4

VDL MODE 2

3, 56, 7

3, 4, 5 6, 7, 9

3, 4, 56, 7, 8, 9

9

8, 97, 10

1, 268

1,2,3,4,5,7,8

98, 9

VDL-B

7, 10

CommercialPassengerServices

VHF ACARS

3, 5, 67

HF Voice/Data

43, 56, 7

VHF-AMVOICE ATIS

1, 21, 2

1, 2, 3, 45, 6, 7, 8, 9

1, 2, 3, 45, 6, 7, 89, 10

VDL MODE 4

3, 56, 7

Two-WayFCS

Satellite

9

?V = Voice D = Data

1 Flight Information D/V2 Traffic Information D/V3 Controller-Pilot Messaging D4 Controller-Pilot Voice V5 Aircraft-ATC messaging D6 Aircraft-AOC messaging D7 ADS reporting D8 Aircraft Weather reporting D9 Passenger Services D

Communication Types

10 Pilot – Pilot Communications V

UAT

9

Current Surveillance Architecture

Current Surveillance Architecture

Govt. Owned/OperatedGround Networks

Two-WaySatellite

(INMARSAT,Iridium)

Air Traffic ManagementAOC & otheruser support

Commercial ServiceProviders

4

4

SpaceSegment

AirSegment

GroundSegment

SecondaryRadar Mode-S

SecondaryRadar

Mode-A/C

4

4

VDL MODE 2

4

VHF ACARS

4

1 Non-Cooperative Radar2 Cooperative Radar3 Multilateration4 ADS- C5 ADS- B6 Surface Tracking

Surveillance Types

7 TCAS

1 2 2, 5

5, 7

VDL MODE 4

5

Private CommercialNetworks

4

1090 ADS-B

3, 5

PrimaryRadar

5

UAT ADS-B

7

Controller

Dispatcher

MLAT

10

Future Surveillance Architecture

Future Surveillance Architecture

Two-WaySatellite

(INMARSAT,Iridium,FCS)

Air Traffic Management Service Provider

AOC & otheruser support

Commercial ServiceProviders

4

SpaceSegment

AirSegment

GroundSegment

SecondaryRadar Mode-S

SecondaryRadar

Mode A/-C

4

VDL MODE 2

4

VHF ACARS

4

1 Non-Cooperative Radar2 Cooperative Radar3 Multilateration4 ADS- A5 ADS- B6 Surface Tracking

Surveillance Types

7 ACAS

1 2 2, 5

5, 7

VDL MODE 4

5

4

Common Information Network

4

PrimaryRadar 1090

ADS-B

3, 5

UAT ADS-B

5

Dispatcher

Controller

MLAT

11

Current Navigation Architecture

Current Navigation Architecture

SBASSatellite

(INMARSATMTSAT)

Air Traffic Management Service Provider

SBAS Master Station

SpaceSegment

AirSegment

GroundSegment

1

1 Randing Signal Broadcast2 Two way pulse ranging3 Angular displacement4 Bearing Measurement5 GNSS Augmentation Data6 Non Directional Tracking Beacon

Navigation Types

7 Control & Aux Data

GPS SatelliteConstellation

Automated Maintenance Network

1,57

ILS (Glideslope

and Localizer)

VORDME TACAN NDB LORAN

SBAS Uplink Station

GNSS Ground SegmentSBAS Comm

Network

SBAS Reference Stations

. . .

4 4 633 21

1

1,6

5, 7

5, 7

1, 5, 7

GLONASS SatelliteConstellation

12

Future Navigation Architecture

Future Navigation Architecture

SBASSatellite

Constellation

Air Traffic Management Service Provider

SBAS Master Station

SpaceSegment

AirSegment

GroundSegment

1

1 Randing Signal Broadcast2 Two way pulse ranging3 Angular displacement4 Bearing Measurement5 GNSS Augmentation Data6 Non Directional Tracking Beacon

Navigation Types

7 Control & Aux Data

GPS SatelliteConstellation

Automated Maintenance Network

1,5

7

ILS (Glideslope

and Localizer)

VORDME TACAN NDB LORAN

SBAS Uplink Station

GNSS Ground SegmentSBAS Comm

Network

SBAS Reference Stations

. . .

4 4 633 21,5

1

1,6

5, 7

5, 7

1, 5, 7

Galileo SatelliteConstellation

MLS(Az and El)

3 5

GBAS

GLONASS SatelliteConstellation

13

CNS Elements require spectrum in disjointed frequency bands and compete for bandwidth with many systems

CNS Elements require spectrum in disjointed frequency bands and compete for bandwidth with many systems

Ku 12,000-18,000 K 18,000-27,000 Ka 27,000-40,000

LORCL (RMM)

MHz.01 .09 .11 0.19 .435 .51 .535

LORAN-CNDB

HF A/G Radio

2.85 22

ILS Marker Beacon

74 80 100

HF ATS/AOC Communications

100

100 162 174

VHF ATS/AOC Communications

225 329 335 400 PLMR

Military A/G Radio (UHF) ILS glide scopeILS glide scope

RCOM Maintenance, Security, Point-to-PointMHz

APC 849-851 G/A894-896 A/G

Cellular Passenger Communications

960 1000

TACAN,DME

ILS glide scope

VHF

ACARS

118 137

MHz

1000 1090 1215 1262 435 1600 1850 2310 2390 2904 3000 3500 3700 4200 4400 5000 5650 7125 8500 10000

Mode-S GPS (L2) Glonoss (L2)

TACAN DME

ARSR GPS (L1) SBAS Glonass (L1)

Telemetry LDRCL Telemetry ASR Nexad

ASR ExperimentalBand

2000 4000

Radar Altimeter

MLS

Airborne radars & beacons

TDWR

8000

RCL, TML

Airborne Doppler radars

PAR

Satellite ATS, AOC & Passenger Communications1545 – 1559 down 1646 – 1660 up

L S C X

12000X

14

Performance Based Air Navigation System•Integrated CNS•Global utility•Global standard•Uniform levels of service

SynergisticServices

InherentRedundancy

Lower Total Costto Provide Services

CommunicationNavigation

& Timing

Surv

eillan

cePBANS

Today• Plethora of

Disjoint CNS Technologies

• Regional solutions

• Many standards• Regional

service variations

CNS Elements TransitionCNS Elements Transition

GPS

Existing Navigation Systems

Existing Communications Systems

Existing Surveillance Systems

VOR

DME

Radar

ADS

VHF SSB

VDLSATCOM

HF HFDLORAN

ILSMLAT

NAVIGATIONNAVIGATIONAPPLICATIONAPPLICATION

NAVIGATION NAVIGATION SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

NAVAIDNAVAIDINFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

PBN: An Integration of Enablers in a Performance Based System

PBN: An Integration of Enablers in a PBN: An Integration of Enablers in a Performance Based SystemPerformance Based System

16

SummarySummary

CNS Elements in a Performance Based Air Navigation System ✓ Based on Performance Standards rather than

specific technologies or equipment✓Recognizes the ability of modern aircraft to

operate safely and efficiently using an integration of on-board systems and external signals

17

CNS Elements ReferenceCNS Elements Reference

19

CommunicationCommunication NavigationNavigation SurveillanceSurveillanceDataData••VHFVHF••HFHF••Mode SMode S••SatelliteSatellite••ATNATN••UATUAT

VoiceVoice••VHFVHF••SatelliteSatellite••HFHF

NDBNDBVORVORDMEDMEILSILSMLSMLS

GNSSGNSS•• GPSGPS•• GLONASSGLONASS•• *GALILEO*GALILEO

AugmentationAugmentation•• ABASABAS•• GBASGBAS•• SBASSBAS

PSRPSR

SSRSSR•• Modes Modes

A/CA/C•• Mode SMode S

ADSADS--CC•• VHFVHF•• HFHF•• SatelliteSatellite

ADSADS--BBMLATMLAT

*emerging systems

CNS systems elementsCNS systems elements

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSPERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS[PR][PR]

PERFORMANCE GAPSPERFORMANCE GAPS[PG][PG]

ASSESS MITIGATION CAPABILITIESASSESS MITIGATION CAPABILITIES[MC][MC]

NEW CAPABILITY or TECHNOLOGYNEW CAPABILITY or TECHNOLOGY[TI][TI]

Constant Performance Review and ConsultationConstant Performance Review and Consultation

Assess Gaps Associated with New RequirementsAssess Gaps Associated with New Requirements

Assess Existing or Available Capabilities to Fill PGsAssess Existing or Available Capabilities to Fill PGs

If Capability DoesnIf Capability Doesn’’t Exist, or is Redundant, Assess New Capabilityt Exist, or is Redundant, Assess New Capability

SYSTEM SYSTEM GOALSGOALSMONITOR ATM SYSTEM PERFORMANCEMONITOR ATM SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

GLOBAL ATM GOALSGLOBAL ATM GOALSIncremental ChangeIncremental Change

Enabler Selection ProcessTo

p D

own

APR2APR1 APRN

• • • •

PG1,1 PG1,2 PG1,3 PGN,1 PGN,2 PGN,M

MC2 MC3 MCp

TI1 TI2 TIQ

• • • •

MC1

• • • •

• • • •

Technology Technology NOT NOT

RequiredRequired

Technology Technology NOT NOT

RequiredRequired

3. Only proceed below this level if existing capabilities or practices cannot be modified to meet performance requirement

1. Understand the requirement in performance terms –what are you trying to achieve – not technology for technology’s sake.

2. Try to understand the problem and potential solutions in terms of “performance gaps” in your system

Redundancy Assessment Process

• • •

Bot

tom

Up

Existing Existing TechnologiesTechnologies

APR2APR1

PG1,1 PG1,2 PG1,3

MC2 MC3

TI1 TI2

• • •

MC1

• • •

APRN

PGN,1 PGN,2 PGN,M

MCp

TI7

• • • •

TIQ• • • •

MC4

= Retain

= Withdraw

1. Audit Your Technology

2. Try to link your existing technology to a current mitigating capability – i.e., what is your technology being used for?

3. Does the technology currently fill a performance gap in your system? Is anything else doing the same thing? Could it?

4. Retain the technology only if it can be traced to a system performance requirement

— END —— END —