Global 9Global 9

Chapter 10 ThemesChapter 10 Themes

Religious and Ethical Religious and Ethical SystemsSystems

Islam – a monotheistic religion that Islam – a monotheistic religion that developed in Saudi Arabia during the developed in Saudi Arabia during the

600s; founded by Muhammad; 600s; founded by Muhammad; followers called Muslims, who have followers called Muslims, who have important set of duties called Five important set of duties called Five

Pillars; holy book is the Quran; spread Pillars; holy book is the Quran; spread throughout Middle East, parts of throughout Middle East, parts of

Africa, and Europe; two major sects Africa, and Europe; two major sects arose from dispute over who should arose from dispute over who should

succeed (caliph) Muhammad: Sunnis succeed (caliph) Muhammad: Sunnis believed any religious leader who had believed any religious leader who had demonstrated deep understanding of demonstrated deep understanding of Muslim tradition had earned right to Muslim tradition had earned right to leadership; Shiites believed leader leadership; Shiites believed leader

should be relative of Muhammad; 85% should be relative of Muhammad; 85% of Muslims today are Sunnis; large of Muslims today are Sunnis; large

Shiite populations in Iran and Iraq [Ch. Shiite populations in Iran and Iraq [Ch. 10]10]

Empire BuildingEmpire Building

Muslim Empire – As Muslims spread religion of Muslim Empire – As Muslims spread religion of Islam, they captured new lands and ruled Islam, they captured new lands and ruled people; leaders following Muhammad built huge people; leaders following Muhammad built huge (6000 miles wide) empire that, by AD 750, (6000 miles wide) empire that, by AD 750, stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to India; it stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to India; it included millions of people from diverse ethnic, included millions of people from diverse ethnic, language, and religious groups, on the language, and religious groups, on the continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia, including continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia, including the Holy Land (Palestine), captured from the Holy Land (Palestine), captured from Byzantines in AD 638 [Text, pp. 238-241]Byzantines in AD 638 [Text, pp. 238-241]

Cultural InteractionCultural Interaction

Muslim Empire – Muslim tolerance of Muslim Empire – Muslim tolerance of conquered peoples and emphasis on conquered peoples and emphasis on learning blended cultures of people living learning blended cultures of people living under Muslim rule; ideas of ancient under Muslim rule; ideas of ancient Greeks and Indians combined with new Greeks and Indians combined with new ideas [Text, pp. 238—241]ideas [Text, pp. 238—241]

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

Muslim Achievement – Muslim scholars Muslim Achievement – Muslim scholars made important contributions to math and made important contributions to math and science (e.g., perfected the astrolabe in science (e.g., perfected the astrolabe in astronomy; developed trigonometry; wrote astronomy; developed trigonometry; wrote medical reference books; wrote a book on medical reference books; wrote a book on optics ); Golden Age of Islam c. 750 to optics ); Golden Age of Islam c. 750 to 1050 A.D. [Text, pp. 243-245] 1050 A.D. [Text, pp. 243-245]