Global: 4/17/2015

• I/O: To examine and discuss the key events that mark the start of the Cold War

• Key Question: How did the end of WWII, and the territorial changes contribute to the start of the Cold War?

• Key Words: Cold War; Containment; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; Berlin Airlift

• CCS: 2;5

• Homework: Essay #1: Last Days for Monday

The Cold War: What was it?

The Cold War 1945-The Cold War 1945-1991: Beginnings1991: Beginnings

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Two sides of Cold War

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany

• CAPITALISMCAPITALISM

• Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR.

• COMMUNISM

Cold War

• The Cold War was a time after WWII when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.

• The end of the Nazi Regime means there is a power vacuum in Europe.– Who will fill it???

• Stalin wants to keep what he has won.• We don’t want him to expand any further• Two key meetings held before WWII is ended

YALTA (in the USSR)YALTA (in the USSR)Date: Feb 1945Date: Feb 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and StalinRoosevelt and Stalin

What is agreed on?

• Stalin can keep what he has conquered.

• He agrees to “free elections” for areas he now controls.

• He agrees to assist us against Japan, after the war in Europe is over.

• All parties agree that Nazi Leaders must be put on trial.

POTSDAM (Germany)POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Date: July 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin

Key points about Potsdam: July of 1945

• Roosevelt died three months earlier. (April 12, ‘45) Truman is not the US president.

• Churchill of Great Britain will be voted out of office while the meeting is taking place. He will be replaced by a newcomer, Clement Atlee

• Stalin is in a very strong position, but he doesn’t know we (the US) have the Atomic Bomb!!!– What is agreed on?

Key points about Potsdam: July of 1945

• Germany will be divided into “occupation zones”• Berlin, even though it is in the Russian Zone, will

also be divided• The Soviets get more control of Poland and East

Germany• A trial for Nazi Criminals will be held in Germany• A week after the meeting, we bomb the Japanese.• Stalin now knows want we have!!!

The Cold War

Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

Improve your knowledge

• The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

Global: 4/20/2015• I/O – Conclusion of Cold War topics: 1945 - 1953• Key Question(s): How did the United States lead the

rest of Western Europe in “containing” communism?

• Key Terms: Iron Curtain; Superpowers; Cold War; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; NATO

• Essay #1: “Last Days” – due Today – due time after school if your essay is missing.

• Exam #1: Fascism/WWII/Early stages of the Cold War: Begin Exam review using Review Sheet

The Cold War

• Winston Churchill 1955

• Stated “an Iron Curtain had descended over Eastern Europe”

• Symbolic of Soviet control

Former Prime Minister of Britain

An Iron Curtain has fallen over Eastern Europe

Berlin Wall

• Berlin is Germany’s capital city.

• The Soviets will build the wall in 1961 to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Wall torn down in 1989.

Improve your knowledge

• The nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock.

Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.

Threat of Nuclear War• 1949 Soviets test their first Atomic Bomb.

• MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction

Who could make the most deadly weapon?

The US develops the Hydrogen or H Bomb in 1952, the Soviets made one in 1953.

The H bomb was 1,000 times stronger then the bomb that hit Hiroshima.

The H Bomb

ICBMs

• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles had nuclear warheads.

Why this matters today

• Nuclear Proliferation: the spread or rapid growth of nuclear weapons

Marshall Plan [1948]• “European Recovery

Program.”• Sec. of State,

George Marshall• The U.S. should provide

aid$$$ to all European nations that need it.

• $12.5 billion of US aid to W. Europe extended to E. Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

The Marshall Plan

• We begin to rebuild Western Europe• We did not want poverty and social unrest to

lead people to seek communism as relief• We also understand that a strong Western

Europe will help to contain Stalin and the USSR

• BY assisting countries like Britain and France, we knew they would also be allies!!!

Soviet Satellite Nations

Warsaw Pact (1955)Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.

} AlbaniaAlbania

} BulgariaBulgaria

} CzechosloCzechoslovakiavakia

} East East GermanyGermany

} HungaryHungary

} PolandPoland

} RumaniaRumania

Berlin blockade led to Berlin Airlift

Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

The Cold War

• Berlin Airlift:• But Berlin was deep

within E. Germany in the Soviet Sector

• Stalin sealed off city from Allies

The Cold War• Berlin Airlift• Allies rescued

Berliner’s by airlifting supplies

• May 1949, Soviets back down & reopen Berlin

Berlin Airlift

Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine in

March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism.

This led to containment – policy of containing communism where it is.

Domino Theory

Communism spreads like a disease

Formation of the United Nations

• International Organization where countries try to find peaceful solutions

United Nations

• It has no army but uses troops from other countries.