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GLIDES
GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION
OF ENDANGERED ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS
Amsterdam
Crozet Kerguelen
Terre Adélie
IOTC
CCAMLR
CCSBT
THREATS ON THE SEABIRDS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN
Context
MAIN GOAL
GLIDES
GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDANGERED
ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS
. To study the at-sea distribution of endangered predators to evaluate the feasibility of spatially-
explicit protective measures.
a 3 year project : 2008-2011
5 teams
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004No
mb
re d
e c
ou
ple
s r
ep
rod
ucte
urs
su
r la
Po
sse
ssio
n
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
-4.2%/yearSooty albatross
White-chinned petrel
THREATS ON THE SEABIRDS OF THE FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES
200
600
1000
1400
1800
2200
Northern Gentoo penguin
annual rate: -1.6 %
Context
The need for the setting of new Marine Protected Areas
A first step: bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean–Septembre 2005, Hobart; Aug 2007 –Bruxelles
–Annex V Madrid Protocol 1991
Axis 1 (CNRS Chizé):The study of at-sea distribution of 14 seabird species of worrying conservation status
4 axis
Axis 2 (LOV, Villefranche):caracterization and modelization of the preferential habitats used by the predators
Axis 3 (MNHN, Paris): matching the areas highly used by the seabirds with the activity of long-lines fisheries
Axis 4 (UICN-LPO) : -Defining Important Bird Areas -Proposal of new marine protected areas
GLIDES
GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDANGERED
ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS
Methods
AXIS 1: AT-SEA DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHERN SEABIRDS
Summer
Winter ???Immatures ???
Charly BOSTHenri WEIMERSKIRCHKarine DELORDMaité LOUZAOJean B. THIEBOT
MainPersonnelresources
Espèce Statut Sites Tendance Fondation Albert II GLIDES
Grand albatros Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √ √
Albatros d’Amsterdam En Danger Critique Amsterdam √ √
Albatros fuligineux à dos clair Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √ √
Albatros fuligineux à dos sombre En Danger Crozet, Amsterdam √ √
Albatros à sourcils noirs En Danger Kerguelen √ √
Albatros à bec jaune En Danger Amsterdam √ √
Pétrel géant subantarctique Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √
Pétrel géant Antarctique Presque menacée Crozet √
Pétrel à menton blanc Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √ √
Pétrel gris Presque menacée Kerguelen √ √
Gorfou sauteur Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √
Gorfou sauteur d’Amsterdam En Danger Amsterdam √
Gorfou macaroni Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √
Manchot papou Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √
Manchot empereur Peu concerné Terre Adélie √
15 species concerned Status of Conservation:vulnerable-critical
Tracking the immaturesTracking the immatures
Miniaturized PTTS Juveniles - Non -breeders
Procellariiforms
35 Solar PTTs, 18 g
Penguins
12 PTTs, Wildlife, Sirtack
Wandering albatrossWandering albatrossCrozet Crozet (Feb-Jul 08)(Feb-Jul 08) & & Kerguelen Kerguelen (Jan-Jul 08)(Jan-Jul 08)9 immatures9 immatures
50%
UD
95%
75%
Colony
50%
UD
95%
75%
Colony
Distribution of young Albatross according to the locality
KERGUELEN CROZET
UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins
Wandering albatrossWandering albatross
KerguelenKerguelen10 juveniles 10 juveniles (Nov-07 to Jul-08)(Nov-07 to Jul-08)
UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins
Wandering albatrossWandering albatrossCrozet Crozet breedersbreeders26 M & 26 F26 M & 26 F(Jan-Mar 08)(Jan-Mar 08)
UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins
Previous data (1989 - 2003):124 M & 77 F
Kernel density (h=0.5) or utilisation distributions (UDs) maps. UDs provides probability contours indicating the relative time that birds spend in particular areas, i.e. birds spend 50% of their time within a 50% UD contour. Here are presented 50%, 75% and 95% UDs areas.
50%
UD
95%
75%
Colonie
Tracking the adults after breeding: Tracking the adults after breeding: winterwinterUse of light-based geolocators
Num
ber
of p
airs
100
150
200
250
Amsterdam17 adults , (Nov-07 to Dec-08)
Limites des zones économiques exclusives (ZEE)
Zone IOTC
Yellow-nosed albatrossYellow-nosed albatross
-3.2 % / an
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Status: Endangered
Three species of Three species of Eudyptes Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Indian Oceanpenguins in the Southern Indian Ocean
Amsterdam
CrozetKerguelen
Australia
Antarctica
S.Africa
Macaroni penguin
Southern Rockhopper penguinNorthern Rockhopper penguin© Arthur Morris
PENGUINS
ResultsResultsAustralia
Antarctica
Kerguelen
Macaroni penguins, Kerguelen 2006, n=12 (7♂, 5♀)
Range (km)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Summer Winter
Total distance (km)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Summer Winter
Time (days)
0
50
100
150
200
Summer Winter
Mean speed (m/s)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Summer Winter
3680 km
Bost, Thiebot, et al. Biology Letters 2009
Subantarctic Zone
Polar Frontal Zone
Antarctic Zone
Kernel analysis – 50/95%
Subantarctic Zone
Antarctic Zone
Macaroni winter trips – Kerguelen 2006
Polar Frontal Zone
Wintering MACARONI PENGUINS(Kerguelen)
Wintering Rockhopper penguins, Crozet
Recovery rate : (22 GLS deployed 12 recovered
Crozet Is.Marion Is.
Max foraging range : 2400 km
Thesis Jean- Baptiste THIEBOT
Crozet Is. Marion Is.
Kernel density distribution contours
50 %95 %
Marine protected area project - Marion Is.
Collaboration France –South AfricaDel Cano Project
CharacteriseCharacterise and model the preferential habitats
used by seabirds and their prey
Axis 2: Habitats (LOV, Prof. P.Koubbi)
main personnel resources Philippe Koubbi Frédéric Ibanez
Carole Vallet
+ 1 Engineer 20 months (Anne Goarant)
Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean (WWF, Hobart 2006)
Eudyptes chrysocome cumulated trips
Model of spatial occurrence prediction of Eudyptes species
Habitat modelling using bioregionalisation : obtaining prediction of Habitat modelling using bioregionalisation : obtaining prediction of occurrence in the studied areaoccurrence in the studied area
© Arthur Morris
But… But… very few biotic information available during winter:very few biotic information available during winter:poor understanding of the patterns observedpoor understanding of the patterns observed
KerguelenCrozet
© Arthur Morris
KerguelenKerguelen
CrozetCrozet
CrozetCrozet
KerguelenKerguelen
Rockhopper p.
Macaroni p.
Axis 3: DISTRIBUTION OF PREDATORS AND FISHERIES ACTIVITIES
(Prof. Guy Duhamel, Museum National Histoire Naturelles, MNHN, Paris)
Axis 3: DISTRIBUTION OF PREDATORS AND FISHERIES ACTVITIES (Prof. Guy Duhamel, MNHN, Paris)
aimsaims To To evaluate the zonal differences in mortality rates from the
data provided by the fisheries. To test the overlapping for the regions and the species
between the effective and predicted distribution with the distribution of longline fisheries
main personnel resources -1Post-Doc 1 year
-1 technician 16 months
Birds from:
Crozet Kerguelen
1989-91Chalut
1992-2001Chalut + Palangre
2002-2008 Palangre
Index de Recoupement (UDOI)
1989-1991: 0,061992-2001: 0,192002-2008: 0,32
Distribution of tracked seabirds vs.fisheries
Post- doc Cédric Cotté
Axis 4: CONSERVATION
DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS (Resp. Thierry Micol, LPO/Birdlife France)
-identification of “Important Bird Areas (IBAs)”(following BirdLife International criterias)
-adding data to “Global Procellariiform Tracking Database”.
-participation to international communication campaigns.
-Promotion of practical solutions to reduce bycatch (CCAMLR)
Axis 4 : CONSERVATION: Proposition of new MPAs
Aims
To organize into a hierachy the marine habitats in terms of priority, basing on the levels of predicted species’s occurrences, and the activities of the fisheries
To promote for each area a conservation status according to IUCN criteria for MPAs
GLIDES
On a fundamental issue:
key informations concerning the habitats used by endangered seabirds.
On a conservation issue
determine the overlap between at-sea distribution of seabird and fisheries (current & potential
interactions).
identification of the areas of higher risks and the concerned RFMOs for the management of fisheries with high risk (by-catch).
evaluate the feasibility of spatially explicit protective measures (MAPs)
for seabird during keys periods of the life cycle.