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Glenn ParrishProject Development Manager
Who is PHG Energy?
Thompson Machinery’s outstanding 65-year history of providing equipment solutions to the construction, power generation, forestry and agricultural industries through engineering and product support excellence.
Associated Physics of America’s breakthrough and proprietary downdraft gasification technology resulting from years of pure scientific research, proven through extensive equipment utilization in commercial industrial applications.
Nashville based PHG Energy provides R&D, manufacturing, design, installation and ongoing operation and management for gasification systems.
Delivering Affordable Renewable Technology
Through Gasification
Clean Energy Conversion
Tipping Fees
TransportationCosts
New Landfills
Carbon Emissions
Sludge Disposal
Clean Energy
Crop Residues
PHG Energy Waste to Energy Projects
Sevier Solid Waste Inc.Pigeon Forge, TN
City of CovingtonCovington, TN
City of LebanonLebanon, TN
What is Gasification?
• A thermo-chemical process to produce a clean fuel gas. This is NOT Incineration.
• Feedstock flexible of the life of the equipment
• Can retain and retrofit current equipment to use the gas (boilers, kilns, etc.)
• On demand energy generation• About 95% of what goes in comes
out as fuel gas. The other 5% is a charcoal biochar with many uses.
• Can be adapted for future applications
The clean, efficient conversion of biomass into a combustible fuel gas in an oxygen-starved environment
What Can You “Gasify?”
• Woodchips– Utility trimmings– Scrap pallets/Construction– Bark or waste wood– Commercial waste
• Agricultural and animal waste• Scrap tires and rubber products• Food processing and other manufacturing waste• Switchgrass, miscanthus and other purpose-grown energy crops• Mixtures improve performance
Using The Fuel Gas:
Currently Being Utilized Here and Worldwide
• Electricity: Gas or steam turbines and ORC generators
• Steam: Boiler and community heating systems
• Direct Thermal: Kiln Operations & Sludge Dryers
• Combustion: Industrial thermal oxidizers
Project = Feedstock + ApplicationDRIVING vs. DRIVEN Variables
Feedstock
Application
Chicken Litter(Dried Biosolids)
Process Heat
Drying
Steam
ORC Generator
Steam Turbine
Recip. Engine
Combustion Turbine
Gas to Liquids
80+%Wood
Tire
Pelletized Crop
50+% Wood
Processed MSW
Unprocessed MSW
ASR
Increasing Difficulty
Waste To Energy Project Development
A Municipal Vision Taking Shape Now
Municipal Garbage
Pellets Out of Sorter & Into Gasifier
Other Waste Streams
Garbage
Pellets
Application options: Power Generation Sewer Plant Sludge Drying Combined Heat and Power ??
Heat Energy
Heat and/or electricity for the
process
Output Options• Electricity• Class A biosolids
Wood Waste
Sorter Removes Recyclables
Municipal Waste Sorter
MetalsGlassPlastics
TIRESSLUDGECROPS
?
Phase Approach: Use Existing Waste Streams
Sorter Removes Recyclables
Municipal Garbage
Pellets Out of Sorter & Into Gasifier
Garbage
Pellets
Application options: Power Generation Sewer Plant Sludge Drying Combined Heat and Power ??
Heat Energy
Heat and/or electricity for the
process
Output Options• Electricity• Class A biosolids
Wood Waste
Municipal Waste Sorter
MetalsGlassPlastics
Other Waste StreamsTIRESSLUDGE
PHASE 1: Start with what can be easily handled today
Material Collection, Preparation, and
Transport
Feedstock logistics are KEY
Tipping Fees
Biochar
Green Energy
Biochar Sale
Start with a wood base and
mix other feedstock in
Real World Projects
Covington and Lebanon, TN Waste-To-Electricity System
• Feedstock Flexible System• Energy savings at the WWTP• Revenue streams for tipping fees
and biochar• Deferred waste disposal costs
Lebanon, TN Waste to Energy
Known Operating Elements:• 32 TPD material processed (Expandable to 64TPD)• 3 tons sludge, 3 tons tires, 26 tons wood waste• Operating 24/5/52 or 6240/year
Variable Income Elements and Cash Flow Drivers:• Tipping fee income to City
from Industry and/or Wilson County
• Material hauling and pre-processing costs
• Taking existing ATAD offline and processing sludge in gasifier
Yields $100k/year free cashflow
Clean Exhaust
Biochar
System for Sevier Solid Waste Inc.
Compost
Wood
Gas Combustion / Thermal Odor
Control
ODOR FROM OPERATIONS
GasGasifier
Cement Kiln Fuel
REDUCE Compost Hauling Costs REDUCE Odor Control Cost REVENUE from the sale of biochar
A Positive Economic Impact Is Essential For Every ProjectAlways a Foundation or Cornerstone of Problem Solving
o REVENUE STREAMSo Tipping fees and hauling costso Outlet for the energy: heat or electricity or botho Deferred capital expenditureso Biochar market
o KEY CONSIDERATIONSo Understanding feedstock preparation and logisticso Managing project complexityo Change managemento Work WITH regulators to resolve new issues
Keys to a Successful Project
Questions?
Gasification…that sounds complicated?
Our Difference
• Downdraft gasification provides a simple, clean, proven method of gasification.
• Downdraft is a robust and elegant solution, but was not considered scalable.
• Physics puzzle solved with the internal shapes of the gasifier. PATENTED
• Power dense, modular design.• Low capital cost & low
operating/maintenance
Downdraft Gasification
Evaporate moisture from the feedstock
Feedstock breaks down to gas and tars
3000 degree F oxidation layer cracks tars
Carbon reforms with steam to create CO and H2
Rotating Grate shaves biochar layerResidue box for biochar removal
Drying
Pyrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Feedstock
Grate
Residue
Air
Air
Gas
Gas
The Flow of Material to Gas
Feed Hopper
Feed Auger
Gasifier
Biochar Collected
Gas Exit Pipes
Quick shutdown and restart up to 24 hours later Few moving parts = simplified maintenance
Design for flexibility
PHG-12
PHG-LF
(6) X PHG-8PHG-LFPHG-12
Feedstock Specifications
• Consistent feedstock = consistent gas• Moisture content is key (< 30%)• Feedstock size: ¼” to 4”• Ash content < 10%• Minimum bulk density: 14lbs/ft3
• Low cost waste streams from other processes can greatly improve economics
• Feedstock “Blends” offer further flexibility
Downdraft vs. Updraft
Drying
Pyrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Feedstock
Grate
Residue
Air
Air
Drying
Pyrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Feedstock
Residue
Air
GAS Residue
GAS
Tars can bypass the oxidation zone in an updraft gasifier
TAR
Sevier Solid Waste Inc.
• PROJECT– Mix 3 day compost with
wood and gasifier the mixture
• GOALS– Reduce Compost Disposal
Cost– Reduce Odor Control Cost– Revenue from the sale of
biochar