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Glass in Architecture Building Construction report Aditi Veena . Uzair Siddiqui . Tuesday 27 September 2011

Glazing Report

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Page 1: Glazing Report

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Building Construction report Aditi Veena . Uzair Siddiqui .

Tuesday 27 September 2011

Page 2: Glazing Report

Glazing

What is Glazing?Glazing refers to ‘glasswork’ or ‘Glass set in a framework’

Types of Glazing:• Glass windows• Glass partitions• Structural Glazing•Curtain walls

Three types of glazing systems:•Wet glazing systems are gunned-in-place sealants. •Dry glazing systems use pre-formed gasket materials.•Combination uses both sealants and gaskets.

Common types of glass used in architecture:•Clear and Tinted float glass•Tempered glass•Laminated glass •Coated glasses which can be glazed as single, double or even triple glazing units

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Wood window section with double glazing

Double glazing section (metal with wood veneer)

Traditional Glazing

Windows and Partitions

•Sealed units with aluminium spacers incorporating moisture absorbing sieve or silica gel.

•Generally sealed with silcone and a protective cap to prevent leakage.

•Glass held in place with a beading•Glass slides into grooves in the metal or wooden frame

Beading (wooden)

Silica gel

Double glazing

Wooden frame section

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Traditional GlazingPlanar Façades or window glazing in which glass is fixed into the neoprene gasket, hence getting protected from vibrations and water infiltration.

Gasket•Made of Neoprene (rubber)•Shock absorber, Hence cushioned• Waterproofing and Sound proofing• fire resistant

Fixing Details

This kind of joinery is also used in partition walls and windows, especially those with metal frames

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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A curtain wall is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural and merely support their own weight, serving as a barrier from wind, rain etc.

Curtain Glazing

Considerations for curtain walls…•Expansion and contraction of the building facade• Wind loading• Condensation of moisture• Earth quakes, hurricanes

Why a curtain wall?•ample natural light• Extremely lightweight lowering costs and time of construction•anti-UV rays, insulation, etc•Fire-proof•Filters out wind, sounds and odors

•Frame of aluminium with mullions and transoms•Independent envelope around the main structure •Generally not resting on the concrete structure but only connected to it.•Glass is kept in place by placing it in the sash and fixing with a pressure plate & screws.

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Curtain WallPlanar Façade with visible joints between glasses defined by thicker strips of metal serving as a cover plate.

Pressure Plate• Made of metal• Used to secure the glasses in place and hide the joinery• Fits into the groove of the section

Cover Plate• Made of metal• Used to hide the pressure plate• Give More Definition To The Façade•Prevents seepage of water and dust

Bristles

Cover plate

Glass

Screw

Pressure plate

Joinery for double glazed facade

Fixing Detail

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Structural Glazing

•Bonding glass to an aluminium window frame utilizing a high-strength, high-performance silicone sealant. •Silicone seal along the edges of the internal surface without the necessity of any mechanical retention such as beads, clips or bolt fixings. •Uniform large glazed surfaces•Glass is fixed to a support, which in turn is attached to a structural element of the building•Tightness of the whole system being obtained by a silicone seal.

•Structural framework of metal sections etc for supporting the glazing are cut and assembled on site.•The framework is then connected to the concrete slabs in the building.• After this the glass panes are fixed on the support•Finally the silicon sealant is used to seal the joints in the glazing.

Disadvantages•Not time efficient as it takes quite long to actually assemble. •Unitized and semi-unitized systems are both economically and time-wise, much more viable.

Stick Built System

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Structural Glazing

•Prepared in a factory by mounting a structural support frame onto the glass, complete with appropriate setting blocks etc.•On site, the support frame is attached to the building structure by mechanical means•Vertical and horizontal mating joints can either be dry sealed with gaskets or wet-sealed with field-applied sealants.

Unitized System

Semi – Unitized System•Glazing panels are made in the factory with the glass as well as sealants•The support frame is made and attached to the building structure at the site itself •The glazing panels are then clipped on to the framework

• Pre-fabricated, hence higher performance than stick-built curtain wall, in terms of movement, load bearing capacity and water penetration.•Requires about 5 times less labour than stick-built curtain wall.•Little time to install as shipping and erecting•Customizable as individual panels can be replaced with a variety of other panels.•Easier to maintain

Advantages of Prefabricated systems

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Glass •Single or Double glaze •Ranging from 6mm to 24mm

Acrylic foam structural glazing tape•Double sided•Extremely strong•About 1-3mm thick, the thicker the better

Silicon sealant/Adhesive•Inertness Toward U.V., Radiation, And Ozone•Very Low Water Absorption•High Compressibility And Low Compression Set Over A Wide Temperature Range•Good Acoustic And Thermal Insulation Properties

Structural GlazingPlanar Façade with neat joints between glasses defined by slim black or translucent silicon strips.

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Silicon sealant

Double Glazing

Metal tube

Backer Rod

Metal section

Adhesive tape

Backer Rod• Vibratory absorption• Non- Corrosive metal bodyWrapped with silicon, gives the cushioned effect

Fixing Detail

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Bolted Glazing

•An alternative to structural glazing, which holds the glass by means of visible metal parts and covers a small part of the glass surface.• The fixing holes can be drilled and countersunk, so that the bolts are embedded in the thickness of the glass itself.

Rigid Bolted

This traditional systemconsists of attaching the glass panels and the structurewith rigid bolts and steel plates.

Consists of a multi-bolt system which is attached to 4 glass panes at the corners, as well as to the structural support of the façade.

Spider Bolt

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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•Fin systems create greater visibility in facades and increase levels of natural light in interiors while meeting the structural requirements of the glazing system. •The fin is securely fixed or supported at the head and sill.•Any loading applied to the glass façade is transferred to the fin and then to the top and bottom fin by way of a reaction load.•The fins must be adhered to the façade glass cope with positive and negative loads using :I. Silicone sealantII. Bolts

Fin + Cable Supported Glazing

•Stainless steel or carbon fibre high strength cables are used to transfer loads to the main structure. •Cables systems create greater levels of openness, visibility & natural light and enhance the dramatic appearance of the building.

Cable-supported glazing

Fin System

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011

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Cable Supported GlazingSuspended Glazing

•A matrix of toughened glass panels, used to glaze large openings in buildings, without using metal frames or mullions•hung from the building structure like a curtain. •The top tier panels are connected to the structure by adjustable hanger brackets •lower panels are connected by special fittings at their corners.•all glass joints and channels are sealed with silicone sealant. •stabilized against wind load by glass fins fixed to the support structure

Advantages

•Avoids flexing or buckling, which may happen if the panes would rest on their bottom edge.•Double glazed units, which cannot sustain pressure, are suspended by means of hooks.

Glazing Building Construction ReportTuesday 27 September 2011