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Carmelo Arcidiacono – Giornate dell’OA Bologna Feb 19th 2016
Glass, Silicon and Bits as building
blocks of Adaptive Optics for
Astronomy
About me, “to set the stage”
Working in Instrumentation for Astronomy since 2001.
My specialty is adaptive optics engineering (AO) with significant wandering
into telescope alignment and scientific exploitation of AO instruments.
• the A to Z of the ESO Multi-conjugate
Adaptive Optics Demonstrator for the VLT
(MAD), the first Multi-Conjugate Adaptive
Optics instrument for Night-time Astronomy.
• Alignment of the Vlt Survey Telescope (VST)
• Science Demonstration and Science
Verification of the First Light Adaptive Optics
system (FLAO) of the Large Binocular
Telescope (LBT)
• From the very A to the very Z of the LINC-
NIRVANA MCAO Fizeau Interferometer for
LBT
• And eventually from The B and MAORY as
Adaptive Optics Engineer and coordinating
that WorkPackage, that’s my job since my
arrival here in Bologna in 2011
• MAORY is the Muticonjugate
adaptive Optics system for the
E-ELT,
• In Bologna we have the project
office as Paolo, Emiliano, Laura
and Matteo [I hope] told you.
What I do now:
• The development of a
Numerical Simulation Tool to
simulate the mirrors, the
wavefront sensors, the
telescope, the atmosphere
[LAURA’s Talk]
• Use of the tool to define the best
control strategies of the module
What’s the plan for 2016:
Running full simulations of the
MAORY to find best trade-off
solutions in a iterative way with the
other WorkPackages (Optics, RTC
among the others).
Help from Roberto di Luca to set-
up, upgrade, reboot and repair the
Workstation.
Among other issues I recall..
•SSD upgrade of the hard drives
•GPU cooling [air flows]
MAORY for the E-ELT. 80% of my FTE
LINC = Lbt INterferometric Camera NIRVANA = NearInfraRed&Visible
Adaptive camera and iNterferometer
for Astronomy
What LINC-NIRVANA (LN) is Is a twin of multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) module and interferometric
beam combination.
LN operates in Fizeau-mode, delivering IMAGES with the 23m baseline and
12m effective collecting area->11mas-19mas J, H, Ks on a 10”x10” camera
[2k×2k HAWAII-2 detector]
Started in 2002!
AO Step by step I
Single Conjugate AO ->
Now @LBT: The First Light AO for the LUCI ½
High SR on axis but a limited sky coverage
One Wavefront sensor using
a guide star retrieves the info about
the air coloumn.
Pyramid WFS
One deformable mirror updates
its shape to follow the
wavefront evolution.
Adaptive Secondary
AO Step by step II
Multi Conjugate AO ->
LINC-NIRVANA configuration
[MAORY but the lasers] For PSF uniformity and Sky Coverage
Two wavefront sensors
retrieve the info about the atmo
VOLUME using multiple guide stars.
Two deformable mirrors
update their shape to follow the
wavefront evolution.
Multipyramid wfs
Adaptive Sec
Xinetics 349
Ultimate Configuration MCAO+Interferometry STATUS: 2016A Integration, +2016B
more Integration and test.
Commissioning and FIRST Science
LIGHT in 2017 A&B
Meanwhile USING LBTI: [F. Cusano talk]
The First 23m telescope
observation of an extended object
This is interesting!
Or Spatially resolved M-band
emission from Io's Loki Patera Fizeau imaging at the 22.8 meter LBT (Conrad & al., AJ , 2015)
The LBT Interferometric PSF
x,h – plane u,v -plane
u,v - plane λ/8
.4m
λ/22.7m
23 m
8.4 m
The High resolution
information rotates
with the baseline
projection on sky
12/2013 Io [eye-oh] M band observations –
baselines [1h]
7 nods on 60 degrees on
parallactic angles
1 PSF star calibration
17ms exp allows
Lucky Fringing:
Selection of the frames
(5%) with interference peak
at the PSF center Δθ=60° =0° =120°
1’’.1
u,v
plane
Io observations – Deconvolution and
Reconstructions - M band
1. Multiple Richardson Lucy (RL) for high SNR = 1 image
2. 7x Single RL for 7 images to correct for Io rotation
3. 16 known volcanoes, with 2 new eruptions
1 2 3
Loki Pele
Important notice about:
Io observations and Loki Patera
• Io is the most volcanically active body in our Solar System (SS)
• Loki Patera is the most powerful volcano in the SS
• M-band, 4.8μm, 32mas FWHM @LBT ~ K-band @ Keck
• High temperature lava Black Body 1000K peak is in K,
and cooling regions at 500K in M:
• 32 mas ~ 100km on Io
• 1px = 10mas = 30km = Etna
K@KECK GALILEO M-LBTI VOYAGER Aug 2013 Dec 2013
Lava flows started
here, Keck Obs. K,
Aug 2013
In the following months lava front was moving across the patera,
resurfacing the crust. [we see the cooling]
LBTI Dec 13
data shows
the front of the
resurfacing
wave, and the
persistent high
temp spot
1st interferometric
observation at LBT of a
spatially resolved object
LATT: Large Aperture Telescope Technology
- Or - How to sell ground based adaptive secondaries
as space active primaries
It WAS founded through an Esa contract ‘10-’15. But now in standby
CGS S.p.A.: coordinator
ADS International: mechanical System
MICROGATE: electr.+control systems+testing
CNR-INO Italian Optics Inst.: shell
INAF-Italian Astrophysics Inst.:
AO expertise + optical testing
ESA
INO
!3 more slides!
• 2 in 1: active element + lightweight < 22kg/m2 [JWST 14+14]
• low areal density compared to existing systems
• no need to develop novel lightweight technologies
• No relay, no additional optics, simple design
• Natural solution for segmented mirrors
• Alignment+phasing allocated to active optics
PROTOTYPE Built by industries and tested in Arcetri and Milan
A deformable primary mirror
is attractive
Optical Diameter 400 mm
LATT technology is a TRL 5:
PRECISE: Flat WFE: 15 ~ 30 nm RMS
ROBUST: No print-through dead actuators No hard points
FLEXIBLE: Accurate phasing control Deployment/alignment of segmented system
Large stroke helps
PREDICTABLE: Very accurate FEA
modeling Useful to adjust the control strategy or to create synthetic
calibration
VLT Influence Functions: data vs
FEA Diff < 2% RMS (meas. noise)
Tested in lab (VLT, ELT prot.)
Tested at telescope,
Routinely working at LBT
From LATT prototype:
40 cm, 19 acts
Ideas to design
1m on 7 segments
or
1m, monolithic 3-5m, segmented
Applications:
LIDAR
Earth monitoring
Telecommunications
Astronomical telescope
LATT: a brick for more complex systems,
but need more R&D for upgrade TRL
“Terza età” University, 4 different
classes: telling stories about Science
and Scientists (Galileo, Einstein,
Marie & Pierre Curie, Fermi) in
collaboration with la Misericordia.
Educational Activities
Other Collaborations
Shanghai Astronomical
Observatory (SHAO)
on Pyramid WFS applications for
interferometry
Happy End!