Glaciers: who, what

where…

Aped valeys 1. Animated tutorial on formation and deformation, includes different types of glaciers. http://

as17.as.uky.edu/academics/departments_programs/EarthEnvironmentalSciences/EarthEnvironmentalSciences/Educational%20Materials/Documents/elearning/module13swf.swf

2. McGraw Hill list of four animations http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072402466/student_view0/chapter12/animations_and_movies.html#

3. Computer animation of glacial erosion of v shaped valleys into u shaped valleys http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9wsnU3sK60&feature=related

Glaciers: Rivers of Ice

Bering Glacier, Alaska

How do glaciers form?

Snow accumulation > Snow melt

Layers of snow accumulation, density changes.

Crystals start to form.

Snow under compression --- Ice crystals result.

Dense (compacted, crystallized) glacial

ice looks blue.

How do glaciers flow like rivers?

Glacial Deformation

Crevasse near Hogsback

• How do glaciers move?• How do crevasses form?

When glaciers retreat…

Moraine Lake

Eliot Glacier Retreat and Moraines

Fault

Lateral moraines

Unsorted sediments

Lyman Glacier, Ranier

Pac NW Past Glaciation

Puget Sound is the result of a glacier

Mount Hood

Glaciersand stream

levels

Eliot Glacier 1901,2005

White River Glacier

http://www.pbase.com/nolock/sowaoregon

• http://whs.moodledo.co.uk/file.php/1365/Glaciall%20systems%20climate%20change/Advancing%20Glacier,%20Plucking%20and%20Moraine.swf Start here.

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::640::480::/sites/dl/free/0072402466/30425/12_03.swf::Fig. 12.3 - Cross-section of an Ice Sheet polar iglacier animation

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::640::480::/sites/dl/free/0072402466/30425/12_06.swf::Fig. 12.6 - Glacier Basics animation of general glacier

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::640::480::/sites/dl/free/0072402466/30425/12_08.swf::Fig. 12.8 - Ice Flow in a Glacier ice flow animation

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::640::480::/sites/dl/free/0072402466/30425/12_09.swf::Fig. 12.9 - Crevasses on a Glacier Crevasse foirmation

• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1501/es1501page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization seasonal change in glaciers animation

• http://www.uwsp.edu/geO/faculty/lemke/glacial_processes/MoraineMovie.html moraine animation• http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/animations/glacial_advance_retreat.htm• http://www.opb.org/programs/ofg/segments/view/1546 Oregon Field Guide Mt Hood glacier

Cool Glacier FactsGlaciers cover 15 million square kilometers of the Earth’s land surface.About three-quarters of Earth’s freshwater is in glaciers.The world’s largest glacier today is the ice sheet that covers East Antarctica, which in places is over 4200 meters thick.The world’s longest glacier today, the Bering Glacier in Alaska (US), is 204 kilometers long.

Halifax Harbour, fort built on drumlin

(1) head of glacier; (2) firn or névé; (3) region of ground moraine deposition; (4) terminal moraine; (5) drumlin; (6) braided stream; (7) kettle; (8) medial moraine; (9) lateral moraine; (10) U-shaped valley; (11) arête; (12) hanging valley; (13) cirque; (14) tarn; and (15) ice fall.